Why Does Autumn Have Two Names in America? 在美國(guó)，秋天為什么有兩個(gè)名字？

In Britain， the third season of the year usually has only one name： autumn. But if you hop across the Atlantic， you’ll find that people use both fall and autumn interchangeably when referring to this time of year， making it the only season in the English language with two widely accepted names. So what is it about the season that makes it so special？

在英國(guó)，一年的第三個(gè)季節(jié)只有一個(gè)名字：autumn。但如果你來(lái)到大西洋的對(duì)岸，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)那里的人們常常交互使用fall和autumn來(lái)指代這個(gè)季節(jié)，于是秋天就成了唯一的在英語(yǔ)中擁有兩個(gè)廣為接受的名字的季節(jié)。那么這個(gè)季節(jié)為什么會(huì)這么特別呢？

According to Dictionary.com， fall isn’t a modern nickname that followed the more traditional autumn. The two terms are actually first recorded within a few hundred years of each other.

Before either word emerged in the lexicon， the season between summer and winter was known as harvest， or h?rfest in Old English. The word is of Germanic stock and meant “picking”， “plucking”， or “reaping”， a nod to the act of gathering and preserving crops before winter.

根據(jù)詞典網(wǎng)站，fall不是在傳統(tǒng)名稱(chēng)autumn之后出現(xiàn)的現(xiàn)代綽號(hào)。事實(shí)上，這兩個(gè)詞首次被記錄的時(shí)間前后相差不到幾百年。

在這兩個(gè)詞被收入詞典之前，夏季和冬季之間的這個(gè)季節(jié)被稱(chēng)為harvest（古英語(yǔ)是h?rfest）。這個(gè)詞源于日耳曼語(yǔ)系，意思是“采摘”或“收割”，旨在向冬季前收割莊稼和儲(chǔ)存糧食的行為致敬。

In the 1500s， English speakers began calling the seasons separating the cold and warm months “fall of the leaf” and “spring of the leaf”， or “fall” and “spring” for short. Both terms were simple and evocative， but for some reason， only spring had staying power in Britain. By the end of the 1600s， autumn， from the French word autompne and the Latin autumnus， had overtaken fall as the standard British term for the third season.

16世紀(jì)，以英語(yǔ)為母語(yǔ)的人開(kāi)始將間隔寒冷和炎熱月份的季節(jié)分別稱(chēng)作fall of the leaf和spring of the leaf，或簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)為fall和spring。這兩個(gè)詞都是既簡(jiǎn)單又形象，但出于某種原因，只有指代春季的spring在英國(guó)被保留了下來(lái)。到17世紀(jì)末，源于法語(yǔ)autompne 和拉丁語(yǔ)automnus的autumn取代fall成為指代秋季的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ)詞。

Around the same time England adopted autumn， the first British were voyaging to North America. With them they brought the words fall and autumn， and while the former fell out of fashion overseas， it solidified itself in the local vernacular by the time America won its independence. Today， using both words to describe the season before winter is still a uniquely American behavior.

大約在英國(guó)開(kāi)始用autumn來(lái)指代秋季的時(shí)候，第一批英國(guó)人漂洋過(guò)海來(lái)到了北美。他們把fall和autumn都帶到了美國(guó)，盡管前者在英國(guó)已經(jīng)被棄用，但卻在美國(guó)獨(dú)立之前在當(dāng)?shù)胤窖灾姓痉€(wěn)了腳跟。時(shí)至今日，用兩個(gè)詞來(lái)指代秋季依然是美國(guó)人獨(dú)有的行為。

Word Bank

evocative /?'v?k?t?v/ adj. 使產(chǎn)生聯(lián)想的；引起回憶的

Her new book is wonderfully evocative of village life.

solidify /s?'l?d?fa?/ v. 變得穩(wěn)固；（使）變得堅(jiān)定

They solidified their position as Britain’s top band.