徐璐欣 魏威 王清霞 何瓊珍
【摘要】目的:探究盆底筋膜松解手法結(jié)合橫紋肌、平滑肌電刺激治療產(chǎn)后腹直肌分離的效果。方法:選取2022年3月—2024年3月我院收治的180例產(chǎn)后腹直肌分離患者,根據(jù)隨機數(shù)字表法分3組,各組60例。A組采用自主鍛煉治療,B組采用橫紋肌聯(lián)合平滑肌電刺激治療,C組在B組基礎上增加盆底筋膜松解手法治療,比較各組的臨床效果。結(jié)果:A、B、C三組的總有效率分別為63.33%、71.67%、85.00%,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05);治療后,三組患者IRD、臍上圍、臍圍、臍下圍及VAS評分均為C組
【關鍵詞】盆底筋膜松解手法;肌電刺激;產(chǎn)后腹直肌分離
基金項目:2022年度中山市醫(yī)學科研項目《盆底筋膜松解手法結(jié)合橫紋肌、平滑肌電刺激治療產(chǎn)后腹直肌分離的效果研究》(2022J096)
Study on the effect of pelvic floor fascia release technique combined with striated muscle and smooth muscle electrical stimulation in the treatment of separation of rectus abdominis muscle after delivery
XU Luxin1, WEI Wei1, WANG Qingxia2, HE Qiongzhen1
1.Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongshan Rehabilitation Hospital, Shiqi Suhuazan Hospital, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528400, China; 2.Department of Rehabilitation Treatment, Shiqi Suhuazan Hospital, Zhongshan Rehabilitation Hospital, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528400, China
【Abstract】Objective:To explore the effect of pelvic floor fascia release technique combined with striated muscle and smooth muscle electrical stimulation on the separation of rectus abdominis muscle after delivery. Methods:A total of 180 postpartum patients with rectus abdominalis separation admitted to our hospital from March 2022 to March 2024 were selected and divided into 3 groups according to random number table method, with 60 cases in each group. Group A was treated with independent exercise, group B was treated with striated muscle combined with smooth muscle electrical stimulation, group C was treated with pelvic floor fascia release manipulation on the basis of group B, and the clinical effects of all groups were compared.Results:The total effective rate of group A, B and C was 63.33%, 71.67% and 85.00%, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). After treatment, IRD, umbilical circumference, umbilical circumference, subumbilical circumference and VAS scores of the three groups were all group C < group B < group A, and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:Pelvic floor fascia release technique combined with striated muscle and smooth muscle electrical stimulation can effectively improve the separation distance and pain of rectus abdominalis in patients with postpartum separation, and it is worth promoting in clinical practice.
【Key Words】Pelvic floor fascia release technique; Myoelectric stimulation; Postpartum separation of rectus abdominis
產(chǎn)后腹直肌分離(diastasis recti abdominis,DRA)是產(chǎn)婦產(chǎn)后常見的并發(fā)癥,由于妊娠期增大的子宮會使腹部向兩側(cè)擴張,從而引起腹直肌向兩側(cè)分離,當分離距離≥2cm以上時,則為DRA患者[1]。DRA患者通常有腹壁松弛、腰背疼痛等問題,嚴重者可發(fā)生腹壁疝,嚴重影響患者的生活[2]。對于DRA患者通常采用保守治療,即通過按摩、電刺激等方法來刺激腹部肌肉恢復功能。本研究旨在通過盆底筋膜松解手法結(jié)合橫紋肌、平滑肌電刺激,探究其對治療DRA患者的效果。
1.1 研究對象
選取2022年3月—2024年3月我院收治的180例產(chǎn)后腹直肌分離患者,根據(jù)隨機數(shù)字表法分3組,各組60例。納入標準:①經(jīng)臨床影像學檢查確診為DRA者;②足月單胎產(chǎn)婦;③IRD>2cm且盆底肌肌力3級及以上;④自愿簽署知情同意書。排除標準:①合并妊娠期糖尿病、高血壓患者;②合并惡性腫瘤者;③腹壁先天性發(fā)育不良者;④依從性較差者。
1.2 方法
A組采用自主鍛煉治療,患者每日居家自行進行腹式呼吸、橋式運動等運動,20 min/次,2次/d。B組采用橫紋肌聯(lián)合平滑肌電刺激治療,患者取平臥位,將麥瀾德治療儀的圓形電極片分別粘貼于患者腹部腹直肌、腹橫肌等肌肉,選擇“腹直肌分離”程序。C組在B組的基礎上增加盆底筋膜松解手法,患者取仰臥位,經(jīng)電刺激后由醫(yī)護人員對其實施腹部環(huán)摩、推腹、腎區(qū)按摩、捏腹肌、點揉、點穴法等手法。
1.3 觀察指標
(1)比較各組臨床治療效果。腹直肌位置完全恢復,腰背疼痛消退視為顯效;腹直肌距離顯著減小,腰背疼痛明顯減輕視為有效;無法獲得以上結(jié)果視為無效,總有效率=顯效率+有效率。(2)觀察各組治療前后IRD、臍上圍、臍圍、臍下圍變化。采取超聲對患者腹直肌間距(IRD)及腹圍上中下(臍上3cm、肚臍中心及臍下3cm)進行測量。(3)采用視覺模擬評分法(VAS)評估患者的疼痛程度,比較各組患者的疼痛程度。
1.4 統(tǒng)計學方法
采用SPSS 26.0統(tǒng)計學軟件進行數(shù)據(jù)分析。計數(shù)資料采用(%)表示,進行x2檢驗,計量資料采用(x±s)表示,進行t檢驗,P<0.05為差異具有統(tǒng)計學意義。
2.1 各組患者治療效果的比較
A、B、C三組的總有效率比較,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05),見表1。
2.2 各組患者腹直肌距離、腹圍和VAS評分的比較
治療后,三組患者IRD、臍上圍、臍圍、臍下圍及VAS評分均低于治療前,且C組 3 討論