駁論型議論文讀寫指南

張嵐

文體導(dǎo)讀

駁論型議論文是一種辯論性質(zhì)的文體，旨在以邏輯推理和論證來反駁或否定某一觀點，同時提出并支持自己的觀點。這種文體通常包括引入、論點、論證、反駁和結(jié)論等部分。作者會在引入部分簡要介紹所要探討的話題，然后提出自己的論點。在論證部分，作者會列出事實、數(shù)據(jù)、例子或權(quán)威觀點等來支持自己的觀點，同時反駁對方的觀點。在結(jié)論部分，作者會總結(jié)并再次強調(diào)自己的論點，并加以解釋其重要性或影響。駁論型議論文旨在通過辯論和論證，使讀者接受作者的觀點，并產(chǎn)生共鳴或認同。

策略導(dǎo)航

（一）閱讀方面的策略

進行預(yù)讀：在開始閱讀之前，查看標(biāo)題、引入和結(jié)論等部分，以獲取文章的核心思想和主要觀點。這可以幫助我們在閱讀過程中更好地理解和關(guān)注重點內(nèi)容。

有針對性地閱讀：在閱讀過程中，留意作者的論證結(jié)構(gòu)和關(guān)鍵論點，理解作者的觀點和論據(jù)，并注意對方觀點的反駁部分。我們可以用評論和摘記的方式記錄下來，便于后續(xù)寫作時使用。

批判性思考：在閱讀過程中保持批判性思維，質(zhì)疑作者的論證是否充分、合理。思考自己對論點的認同程度以及有無更好的觀點和證據(jù)。

（二）寫作方面的策略

明確自己的觀點：在寫作前，明確自己的觀點，并對其進行充分的研究和準備。了解自己的觀點的優(yōu)點和弱點，以及可能遇到的反駁觀點。

有清晰的組織結(jié)構(gòu)：確保自己的寫作有清晰的結(jié)構(gòu)，并按照引入、論點、論證、反駁和結(jié)論的順序進行組織。每個段落都應(yīng)該有一個明確的主題和承上啟下的過渡句。

使用有效的證據(jù)和例子：支持自己觀點的論證應(yīng)該包括有力的證據(jù)和相關(guān)的例子。確保這些證據(jù)和例子具有可信度和科學(xué)性，并能夠真實地支持自己的觀點。

思考對方的觀點：預(yù)測并反駁對方的觀點，以作出合理的回應(yīng)。這可以增加文章的全面性和說服力，展示自己的深入思考和理解能力。

適度使用修辭手法：在文中適度使用修辭手法，如排比、比喻、對比等，可以增加文章的表達效果和吸引力。但要注意不要過度使用修辭手法，以免分散讀者對核心觀點的注意力。

（三） 時間管理的策略

制訂計劃并設(shè)定時間限制：在寫作之前，制訂一個明確的計劃，并設(shè)定每個階段的時間限制。這可以幫助你合理安排時間，并避免拖延和浪費時間。

分段寫作：將寫作任務(wù)分成小塊，分段完成。每個段落可以單獨進行思考、寫作和修改。這樣可以提高效率，減少壓力。

制訂優(yōu)先級：在寫作過程中，首先完成最關(guān)鍵的部分，如引入和論證部分。這可以確保關(guān)鍵內(nèi)容得到充分展示，即使時間有限，也可以給讀者留下一個深刻的印象。

素材導(dǎo)背

案例導(dǎo)練

Should social media be banned for teenagers？

應(yīng)該禁止青少年使用社交媒體嗎？

In recent years， social media has seen increasing users amongteenagers， allowing them to easily share their life with friends andfamily. However， some people suggest that social media has a negativeimpact on teenagers＇ mental health， and argue for its ban. In myopinion， social media should not be banned for teenagers.

Firstly， social media provides a means of communication that is essential for modernteens. Nowadays， most teenagers use social media to communicate with their friends， familymembers and even teachers. The ban on social media would be a major inconvenience forteenagers， who rely on social media to communicate and socialize.

Secondly， social media can also be educational. Many teenagers use social media tolearn new things and expand their knowledge. For example， a renowned psychologist， DrSarah Roberts， writes in her book The Positive Effects of Social Media on Teenagers that socialmedia provides opportunities for teenagers to connect with like?minded individuals andexplore educational resources. Banning social media would deprive teenagers of this educationalresource.

However， opponents argue that social media has a negative impact on teenagers＇ mentalhealth. Some studies suggest that social media can increase anxiety and depression， andlead to the development of an inferiority complex. However， it＇s important to note that socialmedia is not the sole cause of mental health problems in teenagers. As is noted by DrJohn Davis， a prominent child psychiatrist， in an interview with Psychology Today， factorssuch as genetics， family environment and peer relationships also play significant roles inthe development of mental health issues.

Furthermore， a ban on social media would not solve the problem of mental healthissues in teenagers. Instead， teenagers need guidance on how to use social media in ahealthy and responsible manner. Parents and schools should provide education for teenagerson how to use social media safely and constructively， rather than banning it altogether.

In conclusion， banning social media for teenagers is not the solution to mental healthproblems. Social media provides essential communication and educational resources forteenagers， and a ban would only be an inconvenience. Instead， we should educate teenagerson how to use social media safely to promote their mental well?being.

一、閱讀自測

Inference

1. What is the authors opinion about banning social media？

A. Supportive.B. Unclear.

C. Opposed. D. Neutral.

Detail

2. What could banning social media do to teenagers according to

paragraph 2？

A. Harm their mental health.

B. Impact their communication.

C. Ruin their academic performance.

D. Reduce their social media addiction.

Inference

3. Why does the author mention Dr John Davis statement in paragraph 4？

A. To emphasize the role of various factors.

B. To prove social medias negative impact.

C. To dismiss the importance of peer relationships.

D. To highlight the sole cause of mental health issues.

Detail

4. What does the author suggest as a solution to mental health problems？

A. Banning social media.

B. Promoting safe social media usage.

C. Ignoring the negative impact of social media.

D. Providing alternative communication resources.

二、語言汲取

（一）與社交媒體有關(guān)的表達

1. 社交媒體的積極面

provide a means of communication 提供一種交流的途徑

be essential for modern teens 對當(dāng)代青少年至關(guān)重要

allow them to easily share their life with friends and family 讓他們可以輕松地與朋友和家人分享他們的生活

use social media to communicate with their friends， family members and even teachers使用社交媒體與他們的朋友、家人甚至老師進行交流

rely on social media to communicate and socialize 依靠社交媒體進行交流和交際

provide opportunities for teenagers to connect with like?minded individuals and exploreeducational resources 為青少年提供與志同道合的人聯(lián)系和探索教育資源的機會

provide essential communication and educational resources for teenagers 為青少年提供必要的溝通和教育資源

Social media can also be educational. 社交媒體也可以具有教育意義。

2. 社交媒體的消極面

have a negative impact on teenagers mental health 對青少年的心理健康有負面影響

increase anxiety and depression 增加焦慮和抑郁

lead to the development of an inferiority complex 導(dǎo)致自卑感的產(chǎn)生

3. 反對禁止社交媒體的原因

The ban on social media would be a major inconvenience for teenagers. 禁止使用社交媒體對青少年來說是一個很大的不便。

Many teenagers use social media to learn new things and expand their knowledge. 許多青少年使用社交媒體學(xué)習(xí)新東西并拓展他們的知識。

deprive teenagers of this educational resource 剝奪青少年的這一教育資源

Social media is not the sole cause of mental health problems in teenagers. 社交媒體不是導(dǎo)致青少年心理健康問題的唯一原因。

A ban on social media would not solve the problem of mental health issues in teenagers.禁止使用社交媒體并不能解決青少年的心理健康問題。

Banning social media for teenagers is not the solution to mental health problems. 禁止青少年使用社交媒體并不是解決心理健康問題的方法。

4. 解決問題的措施

Social media should not be banned for teenagers. 不應(yīng)該禁止青少年使用社交媒體。

Teenagers need guidance on how to use social media in a healthy and responsiblemanner. 青少年需要在如何以健康、負責(zé)的方式使用社交媒體方面得到指導(dǎo)。

Parents and schools should provide education for teenagers on how to use social media safely and constructively， rather than banning it altogether. 家長和學(xué)校應(yīng)該在如何安全和建設(shè)性地使用社交媒體方面為青少年提供教育，而不是完全禁止它。

Instead， we should educate teenagers on how to use social media safely to promote theirmental well?being.相反，我們應(yīng)該教育青少年如何安全地使用社交媒體，促進他們的心理健康。

（二）精彩表達

1. In recent years， social media has seen increasing users among teenagers， allowingthem to easily share their life with friends and family. 近年來，社交媒體在青少年中有越來越多的用戶，使他們能夠輕松地與朋友和家人分享自己的生活。

本句中，social media has seen increasing users among teenagers為擬人的用法，當(dāng)句中的動詞為see、notice、witness等時，?？捎脽o生命的名詞作主語，以使表達更加生動。句中的allowing them to easily share their life with friends and family 為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語。

2. The ban on social media would be a major inconvenience for teenagers， who rely onsocial media to communicate and socialize. 禁止使用社交媒體對依賴社交媒體進行交流和社交的青少年來說將是一個很大的不便。

本句中，who引導(dǎo)的是一個非限制性定語從句，先行詞為teenagers。

3. As is noted by Dr John Davis， a prominent child psychiatrist， in an interview withPsychology Today， factors such as genetics， family environment and peer relationships alsoplay significant roles in the development of mental health issues. 正如著名兒童精神科醫(yī)生約翰·戴維斯博士在接受《今日心理學(xué)》采訪時所指出的，遺傳、家庭環(huán)境以及同伴關(guān)系等因素在心理健康問題的發(fā)展中也起著重要作用。

本句中，As引導(dǎo)的是一個非限制性定語從句，用來指代factors such as genetics，family environment and peer relationships also play significant roles in the development ofmental health issues。

三、句式仿寫

1. 社交媒體對青少年的行為和心理健康產(chǎn)生影響，成為許多家長和老師關(guān)注的問題。

Social media has influenced the behavior and mental health of teenagers，?____________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

2. 現(xiàn)在，社交媒體見證著青少年的日常生活，記錄著每一個瞬間和每一種情感。

Nowadays，____________________________________________________________________________________________________________recording every moment and every emotion.

3. 社交媒體已經(jīng)成為青少年生活的重要方面，他們利用它來拓寬他們的視野。

Social media has become an important aspect of teenagers＇ life，____________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

4. 正如許多人認為的那樣，社交媒體極大地改變了青少年交流和分享思想的方式。

_________________________________________________________________________________， social media has significantly transformed the way teenagers communicate and share ideas.

四、寫作實踐

近期，你校因認為社交媒體損害學(xué)生的心理健康，發(fā)布了禁止學(xué)生使用社交媒體的校規(guī)。對此，你表示反對。請你用英語寫一篇短文，說明反對的理由。寫作要點：

1. 反對的理由；

2. 你的希望。

注意：

1. 詞數(shù)80左右；

2. 可以適當(dāng)增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫；

3. 至少需要使用兩個前文中解析過的句式。

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評價導(dǎo)思