徐丹 劉夏 鐘殿勝
摘要:目的 探討佐利替尼一線治療具有原發(fā)表皮生長因子受體(EGFR)突變的非小細胞肺癌(NSCLC)伴中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)轉(zhuǎn)移患者的療效。方法 2例患者均為一線使用佐利替尼,通過實體瘤的療效評價標準RECIST v1.1和神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)腫瘤腦轉(zhuǎn)移RANO-BM標準評估腫瘤治療反應。結(jié)果 病例1基線伴多發(fā)腦轉(zhuǎn)移,EGFR exon 19del突變,佐利替尼治療51.4個月后仍維持肺部病灶部分緩解(PR)、顱內(nèi)病灶完全緩解(CR)。病例2基線單個腦轉(zhuǎn)移病灶,EGFR exon 19del突變,佐利替尼治療期間達到肺部病灶PR、顱內(nèi)病灶CR,13.7個月后肺部疾病進展(PD),新發(fā)單個腦轉(zhuǎn)移病灶,綜合評效PD。病例1出現(xiàn)3級不良反應,為皮膚干燥,其余主要為皮疹、肝功能異常、腹瀉,不良反應總體可控。結(jié)論 佐利替尼對EGFR突變NSCLC伴中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)轉(zhuǎn)移患者有較好的顱內(nèi)及顱外病灶的控制效果,與EVEREST研究一致,可作為一線初始治療的選擇。
關鍵詞:ErbB受體;癌,非小細胞肺;無進展生存期;中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)轉(zhuǎn)移;佐利替尼
中圖分類號:R734.2文獻標志碼:ADOI:10.11958/20231793
Frst-line treatment of Zorifertinib in EGFR-mutant NSCLC with CNS metastases:
a report of two cases
XU Dan, LIU Xia, ZHONG Diansheng△
Department of Medical Oncology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
△Corresponding Author E-mail: zhongdsh@hotmail.com
Abstract: Objective To investigate the efficacy of Zorifertinib in first-line treatment of patients with untreated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation in non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with central nervous system (CNS) metastases. Methods Two patients received Zorifertinib as first-line treatment. The response of tumor treatment was evaluated by response evaluation criteria in solid tumors version 1.1 (RECEST v1.1) and RANO criteria for brain metastases (RANO-BM). Results Case 1 had EGFR exon 19del mutation and multiple brain metastases at baseline. After 51.4 months of treatment with Zorifertinib, case 1 still maintained partial response (PR) in lung lesions and complete response (CR) in intracranial lesions. Case 2 had EGFR exon 19del mutation and a single brain metastasis at baseline. Case 2 achieved PR in lung lesions and CR in intracranial lesions during the treatment with Zorifertinib. After 13.7 months, lung disease progression (PD) and new single brain metastases occurred. The comprehensive evaluation was PD. Case 1 had three-grade treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs), including dry skin, and other TRAEs were rash, abnormal liver function and diarrhea. The TRAEs were generally controllable. Conclusion Zorifertinib has a good effect on controlling intracranial and extracranial lesions in patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC with CNS metastases. The efficacy of Zorifertinib is consistent with the EVEREST study. Zorifertinib can be one of the first-line initial treatment options.
Key words: ErbB receptors; carcinoma, non-small-cell lung; progression-free survival; central nervous system metastases; Zorifertinib
目前肺癌仍然是病死率較高的惡性腫瘤之一,其中非小細胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)占85%以上[1],表皮生長因子受體(epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)突變是肺癌中發(fā)現(xiàn)的首個可靶向治療的基因突變,也是NSCLC中常見的驅(qū)動基因之一[2]。EGFR酪氨酸激酶抑制劑(epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors,EGFR-TKIs)已成為EGFR突變陽性晚期NSCLC患者首選的一線治療藥物[3]。約20%的NSCLC患者首次診斷時已發(fā)生腦轉(zhuǎn)移,約50%的NSCLC患者在病程中出現(xiàn)中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)(central nervous system metastasis,CNS)轉(zhuǎn)移,而顱內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)移與預后不良有關[4]。
目前已批準的EGFR-TKIs在血腦屏障中的滲透性不同,其Kpuu,CSF值(腦脊液與血漿中游離藥物濃度的比值)為0.066~0.291[5]。早期臨床研究發(fā)現(xiàn),佐利替尼(AZD3759)可100%透過血腦屏障[6]。Ⅰ期BLOOM研究[7]和Ⅱ期CTONG1702-Arm8研究[8]顯示,佐利替尼有良好的全身和顱內(nèi)抗腫瘤活性。Ⅲ期EVEREST研究[9]報道,佐利替尼中位無進展生存期(PFS)為9.6個月,顱內(nèi)PFS為15.2個月,明顯優(yōu)于吉非替尼或厄洛替尼。筆者團隊參與了EVEREST試驗,本文報告2例口服佐利替尼的晚期NSCLC伴EGFR突變合并腦轉(zhuǎn)移患者的治療經(jīng)驗。
1 病例報告
患者1 女,37歲,主因“左手無力2月余,間斷頭痛1月余”于2019年2月11日入院。胸部增強CT提示左肺下葉占位(23 mm×22 mm);顱腦增強MRI提示顱內(nèi)多發(fā)占位,考慮轉(zhuǎn)移瘤可能性大。2019年2月21日行開顱右額下回、右額中回、右額中回后部、右顳中回后部顱腦轉(zhuǎn)移瘤切除術。術后病理診斷考慮腺癌,來源于肺;組織基因二代測序示EGFR exon 19del。術后22 d復查顱腦增強MRI提示新發(fā)的左側(cè)顳葉、雙側(cè)頂葉、右側(cè)基底節(jié)區(qū)點狀強化灶,考慮顱腦轉(zhuǎn)移瘤。2019年3月29日起口服佐利替尼200 mg,每日2次,用藥1.1個月后評估,肺部病灶部分緩解(PR),見圖1。神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)腫瘤腦轉(zhuǎn)移RANO-BM標準評估,顱內(nèi)病灶完全緩解(CR),見圖2,總體療效達到PR。期間規(guī)律復查,療效維持PR。截至2023年7月10日,隨訪時間為51.4個月,顱內(nèi)PFS和整體PFS為51.4個月。用藥初期出現(xiàn)3級不良事件(adverse event,AE)皮膚干燥,曾停用佐利替尼共11 d,后減量至150 mg,每日2次;其余AE包括1—2級肝功能異常,1—2級皮疹,對癥處理后均好轉(zhuǎn)。
患者2 男,72歲,主因“胸悶氣短,晨起痰中帶血2個月”于2020年3月13日入院。影像學檢查提示左肺下葉脊柱旁腫物(45 mm×42 mm),考慮左下葉肺癌伴左側(cè)胸膜轉(zhuǎn)移;右側(cè)枕葉異常強化小結(jié)節(jié)影,考慮轉(zhuǎn)移瘤。氣管鏡下左下肺咬檢病理提示腺癌,組織基因二代測序提示EGFR exon19del(無有意義共突變)。2020年4月10日起口服佐利替尼200 mg, 每次2次,肺部病灶PR,顱內(nèi)病灶CR,見圖3。13.7個月后評估,肺部疾病進展(PD),左側(cè)額葉新發(fā)腦轉(zhuǎn)移病灶,綜合評效PD?;颊呤褂米衾婺嶂委煟wPFS和顱內(nèi)PFS為13.7個月。服藥期間出現(xiàn)2級頭面部皮疹,1級腹瀉,對癥處理后均好轉(zhuǎn)。2021年6月底,患者自行更換為奧希替尼(阿斯利康,80 mg×30片/盒)治療,肺部病灶為病情穩(wěn)定(SD),腦轉(zhuǎn)移病灶達到CR。10.8個月后復查,肺部病灶維持SD,顱內(nèi)病灶維持CR,但新發(fā)現(xiàn)胸椎轉(zhuǎn)移,總體評效PD。在奧希替尼停藥5.5個月后出現(xiàn)顱內(nèi)新發(fā)轉(zhuǎn)移病灶。其后,患者先后使用安羅替尼(正大天晴,12 mg×7粒/盒)單藥治療,培美曲塞聯(lián)合卡鉑聯(lián)合替雷利珠單抗治療4個周期,頭部放療,多西他賽聯(lián)合卡瑞利珠單抗聯(lián)合安羅替尼治療4個周期,并在安羅替尼單藥治療期間完善肺組織活檢,組織基因檢測證實有EGFR T790M、C797S突變。截至2023年8月15日,該患者的隨訪時間為40個月,仍存活。
2 討論
EGFR-TKIs是EGFR突變的NSCLC患者的一線標準用藥。研究報道基線有腦轉(zhuǎn)移患者單獨使用一代EGFR-TKIs更容易出現(xiàn)疾病進展、預后較差,F(xiàn)LAURA中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)轉(zhuǎn)移亞組研究中奧希替尼組和一代EGFR-TKI組的顱內(nèi)PFS有顯著差異,奧希替尼組顱內(nèi)PFS的95%CI為16.5個月至無法計算,而一代EGFR-TKIs的顱內(nèi)PFS為13.9個月[10]。AENEAS CNS轉(zhuǎn)移亞組及FURLONG CNS轉(zhuǎn)移亞組研究同樣展現(xiàn)三代EGFR-TKIs優(yōu)越的中樞抗腫瘤活性,顱內(nèi)PFS分別為29個月和20.8個月,一代EGFR-TKIs的顱內(nèi)PFS分別為8.3個月和9.8個月[11-12]。一代EGFR-TKIs聯(lián)合含鉑雙藥化療或貝伐珠單抗治療方案在腦轉(zhuǎn)移人群中也有中位PFS獲益[13-14]。奧希替尼聯(lián)合化療方案在腦轉(zhuǎn)移人群有顯著的中位PFS獲益(24.9個月 vs.13.8個月)[15]。
佐利替尼作為第一代口服EGFR-TKIs,可100%透過血腦屏障。BLOOM研究[7]結(jié)果證實,一線接受佐利替尼治療的患者中,顱內(nèi)客觀緩解率(ORR)可達83%,顱外ORR可達72%;既往接受過EGFR-TKIs治療的腦膜轉(zhuǎn)移患者中,ORR可達到28%,疾病控制率(DCR)可達到78%。CTONG1702-Arm8研究[8]顯示佐利替尼200 mg劑量組和300 mg劑量組的ORR分別為80%和60%,顱內(nèi)ORR皆為73%,中位PFS分別為15.8和10.7個月,顱內(nèi)PFS為18.5和16.9個月;疾病進展后檢測發(fā)現(xiàn),59%(10/17)的患者繼發(fā)EGFR T790M耐藥突變,續(xù)貫三代藥物治療的患者總生存期明顯獲益(34.1個月vs.25.3個月)。Ⅲ期研究EVEREST[9]是一項頭對頭、前瞻性比較佐利替尼與吉非替尼或厄洛替尼在晚期EGFR突變伴CNS轉(zhuǎn)移NSCLC安全性和療效的全球多中心開放研究,該研究納入的人群50%以上存在3個及以上的腦轉(zhuǎn)移病灶,并且允許有癥狀的人群入組,佐利替尼組顯示出良好的全身及顱內(nèi)控制療效,中位PFS(9.6個月vs. 6.9個月,HR=0.719,P=0.002 4)、ORR顯著提高(68.6% vs. 58.4%,P=0.027),盲態(tài)獨立中心(BICR)評估顱內(nèi)PFS(15.2個月vs.8.3個月,HR=0.467,P<0.000 1);佐利替尼相較于吉非替尼或厄洛替尼具有更好的顱內(nèi)控制優(yōu)勢。
本文報告的病例1患者,佐利替尼達到令人滿意的顱內(nèi)和顱外疾病的治療效果,顱內(nèi)病灶CR,肺部病灶PR,顱內(nèi)PFS和整體PFS為51.4個月。病例2患者佐利替尼服藥期間肺部病灶PR,顱內(nèi)病灶CR,整體PFS和顱內(nèi)PFS為13.7個月,耐藥后更換為奧希替尼,后續(xù)檢測證實有T790M突變。EVEREST研究[9]發(fā)現(xiàn)佐利替尼相較于吉非替尼或厄洛替尼組有更高的T790M耐藥突變率(33.3% vs. 12.0%),這使得后續(xù)接受三代EGFR-TKIs治療的機會增加。
病例1患者在用藥初期出現(xiàn)3級皮膚干燥,將佐利替尼減量至150 mg,每日2次,患者不良反應明顯減輕。病例2患者服藥期間出現(xiàn)2級頭面部皮疹,1級腹瀉,對癥處理后均好轉(zhuǎn)。EVEREST研究中在安全性方面,佐利替尼組發(fā)生3級以上的治療相關不良反應比例更高(65.9% vs.18.3%),最常見的不良反應為皮疹、腹瀉和肝功能異常,未發(fā)現(xiàn)新的安全性信號,總體不良反應可控,耐受性較好[9]。由于佐利替尼存在較多不良反應,一線治療仍應個體化。
本研究病例顯示,佐利替尼對EGFR突變NSCLC伴腦轉(zhuǎn)移有較好的顱內(nèi)及顱外的控制能力,與EVEREST研究一致,并且佐利替尼一線治療可能為后續(xù)提供更多選擇機會,可作為EGFR突變NSCLC伴腦轉(zhuǎn)移一線初始治療的選擇。
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(2023-11-23收稿 2023-12-28修回)
(本文編輯 李鵬)