張文超 楊雪輝 尹濤 王睿健 張盟盟
摘要:目的 探究自發(fā)性急性腦出血(ACH)患者血漿可溶性CD163(sCD163)/可溶性腫瘤壞死因子樣凋亡弱誘導(dǎo)因子(sTWEAK)比值與預(yù)后的關(guān)系。方法 納入ACH患者90例作為病例組,根據(jù)格拉斯哥預(yù)后評(píng)分將病例組分為預(yù)后不良組(38例)和預(yù)后良好組(52例);另選取同期體檢健康者45例為對(duì)照組。酶聯(lián)免疫吸附試驗(yàn)檢測血漿sCD163、sTWEAK水平并計(jì)算sCD163/sTWEAK比值。分析血漿sCD163、sTWEAK水平及sCD163/sTWEAK比值與臨床資料的相關(guān)性;Logistic回歸分析ACH患者預(yù)后不良的影響因素;受試者工作特征(ROC)曲線分析sCD163/sTWEAK比值對(duì)ACH患者預(yù)后不良的預(yù)測價(jià)值。結(jié)果 病例組血漿sCD163、sTWEAK水平及sCD163/sTWEAK比值均顯著高于對(duì)照組;預(yù)后良好組上述指標(biāo)均低于預(yù)后不良組(P<0.05)。預(yù)后良好組血腫體積、美國國立衛(wèi)生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)評(píng)分、高血壓及幕下出血比例均低于預(yù)后不良組,低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(LDL-C)高于預(yù)后不良組(P<0.05)。相關(guān)性分析表明,血漿sCD163、sTWEAK水平及sCD163/sTWEAK比值與出血部位、血腫體積、NIHSS評(píng)分、白細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)、血小板計(jì)數(shù)、中性粒細(xì)胞/淋巴細(xì)胞比值(NLR)呈正相關(guān)(P<0.05)。Logistic回歸分析顯示,sCD163/sTWEAK比值、出血部位、血腫體積、NIHSS評(píng)分為ACH患者預(yù)后不良的影響因素(P<0.05)。ROC曲線結(jié)果表明,sCD163/sTWEAK比值評(píng)估ACH患者預(yù)后不良的AUC為0.850,敏感度和特異度分別為86.84%和69.23%。結(jié)論 sCD163/sTWEAK比值在ACH患者血漿中水平較高,并與預(yù)后不良有關(guān),該值對(duì)此類患者的預(yù)后有一定預(yù)測價(jià)值。
關(guān)鍵詞:腦出血;細(xì)胞因子TWEAK;預(yù)后;可溶性血紅蛋白清道夫受體163蛋白;可溶性腫瘤壞死因子樣凋亡弱誘導(dǎo)因子
中圖分類號(hào):R743.34文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:ADOI:10.11958/20231437
The relationship between plasma sCD163/sTWEAK ratio and prognosis in patients with spontaneous acute cerebral hemorrhage
ZHANG Wenchao1, YANG Xuehui1△, YIN Tao2, WANG Ruijian2, ZHANG Mengmeng2
1 Department of Neurosurgery, Harison International Peace Hospital, Hengshui 053000, China;
2 Department of Neurosurgery, Hengshui People's Hospital
△Corresponding Author E-mail: Yxh1069@163.com
Abstract: Objective To investigate the relationship between the ratio of soluble hemoglobin scavenger receptor 163 protein (sCD163)/soluble tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (sTWEAK) in plasma and prognosis in patients with spontaneous acute cerebral hemorrhage (ACH). Methods From August 2020 to August 2022, 90 patients with ACH? admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery, Harison International Peace Hospital, Hengshui City were regarded as the research group. According to the Glasgow outcome scale, patients with ACH were separated into the poor prognosis group (n=38) and the good prognosis group (n=52). Another 45 healthy examinee who underwent physical examination were used as the control group. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was applied to detect plasma sCD163 and sTWEAK levels, and the sCD163/sTWEAK ratio was calculated. Pearson method was applied to analyze the correlation between plasma sCD163, sTWEAK levels, sCD163/sTWEAK ratio and clinical data. Logistic regression was applied to analyze influencing factors of poor prognosis in patients with ACH. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) was applied to analyze the predictive value of sCD163/sTWEAK ratio for poor prognosis of patients with ACH. Results The plasma levels of sCD163, sTWEAK and sCD163/sTWEAK ratio were obviously higher in the research group than those in the control group (P<0.05). The plasma levels of sCD163, sTWEAK and sCD163/sTWEAK ratio were obviously lower in the good prognosis group than those in the poor prognosis group (P<0.05). Hematoma volume, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores, hypertension and subtentorial hemorrhage were lower in the good prognosis group than those in the poor prognosis group, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was higher in the good prognosis group than that in the poor prognosis group (P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that plasma sCD163, and sTWEAK levels and the sCD163/sTWEAK ratio were positively correlated with bleeding site, hematoma volume, NIHSS score, white blood cell count, platelet count and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (P<0.05). Results of Logistic regression analysis showed that sCD163, sTWEAK, sCD163/sTWEAK ratio, hematoma volume, bleeding site and NIHSS score were influencing factors for poor prognosis in patients with ACH (P<0.05). Results of receiver operating characteristic showed that the AUC of sCD163/sTWEAK ratio in evaluating poor prognosis of patients with ACH was 0.850, and the sensitivity and specificity were 86.84% and 69.23%. Conclusion The sCD163/sTWEAK ratio has a high level in the plasma of patients with ACH, which is associated with poor prognosis and has important value in predicting the prognosis of patients with ACH.
Key words: cerebral hemorrhage; cytokine TWEAK; prognosis; soluble hemoglobin scavenger receptor 163 protein; soluble tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis
腦出血是腦卒中最常見的類型,其早期死亡和長期殘疾的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較高[1]。自發(fā)性腦出血常由小血管疾病引起,包括深穿支動(dòng)脈病變或腦淀粉樣血管??;盡管自發(fā)性腦出血占所有卒中的比例較低,但其導(dǎo)致卒中發(fā)病率和死亡率的比例較高,且很少有經(jīng)過驗(yàn)證有效的急性或預(yù)防性治療方法[2]。血紅蛋白清道夫受體163蛋白(CD163)是單核細(xì)胞和巨噬細(xì)胞上的血紅蛋白清除受體,與炎癥有關(guān),被認(rèn)為是活化的M2巨噬細(xì)胞的標(biāo)志物,在炎癥反應(yīng)中上調(diào),能促進(jìn)血管生成和基質(zhì)金屬蛋白酶的產(chǎn)生,可溶性CD163(soluble CD163,sCD163)通過膜蛋白的蛋白水解和外結(jié)構(gòu)域分解釋放到血漿中,在炎癥期間,病原體和損傷相關(guān)的刺激會(huì)誘導(dǎo)sCD163脫落[3-4]。可溶性腫瘤壞死因子樣凋亡弱誘導(dǎo)因子(soluble tumor necrosis factor‐like weak inducer of apoptosis,sTWEAK)是TNF超家族的細(xì)胞因子,能改變血腦屏障通透性,誘導(dǎo)基質(zhì)金屬蛋白酶和促炎細(xì)胞因子在大腦中過表達(dá),與血管內(nèi)皮功能障礙、神經(jīng)血管病變和心腦血管預(yù)后密切相關(guān),在腦出血患者體內(nèi)水平升高[5]。sCD163能與sTWEAK相互作用,sCD163/sTWEAK比值與C反應(yīng)蛋白水平顯著相關(guān),是各種疾病中比單獨(dú)sCD163和sTWEAK水平更顯著的預(yù)測因子[6]。但目前關(guān)于sCD163/sTWEAK比值與急性腦出血(acute cerebral hemorrhage,ACH)患者預(yù)后關(guān)系的研究相對(duì)較少。鑒于此,本研究主要分析ACH患者血漿sCD163/sTWEAK比值與預(yù)后的關(guān)系。
1 對(duì)象與方法
1.1 研究對(duì)象 選取衡水市哈勵(lì)遜國際和平醫(yī)院神經(jīng)外科2020年8月—2022年8月收治的ACH患者90例并作為病例組,平均年齡(43.51±6.25)歲,男51例,女39例。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)符合《中國腦出血診治指南(2019)》診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[7]。(2)進(jìn)行了影像學(xué)檢查。(3)首次發(fā)病。(4)在發(fā)病12 h內(nèi)入院接受治療。(5)臨床資料完整。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)腦梗死、腦腫瘤等。(2)神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾病。(3)凝血功能障礙。(4)免疫系統(tǒng)紊亂。(5)進(jìn)行過相關(guān)治療。(6)臟器功能障礙。另選取同期體檢健康者45例為對(duì)照組;平均年齡(42.87±6.11)歲,男25例,女20例。2組年齡(t=0.569)、性別(c2=0.015)比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均P>0.05)。本研究經(jīng)醫(yī)院倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn)(倫理號(hào):2022-2-037-1),患者對(duì)研究內(nèi)容知情并同意。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 血漿sCD163、sTWEAK水平測定 采集所有受試者入院24 h內(nèi)空腹靜脈血5 mL,乙二胺四乙酸抗凝處理,1 000 r/min離心15 min分離血漿。酶聯(lián)免疫吸附試驗(yàn)(試劑盒購自上海江萊生物科技有限公司)檢測血漿sCD163和sTWEAK水平,實(shí)驗(yàn)具體操作按試劑盒說明進(jìn)行。計(jì)算sCD163/sTWEAK比值。
1.2.2 臨床資料收集及預(yù)后隨訪 收集患者性別、年齡、體質(zhì)量指數(shù)(BMI)、糖尿病、冠心病、高血壓、入院時(shí)血腫體積、出血部位、血壓、血糖、總膽固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、發(fā)病至手術(shù)時(shí)間、手術(shù)時(shí)間、白細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)(WBC)、低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(LDL-C)、血小板計(jì)數(shù)(PLT)、中性粒細(xì)胞/淋巴細(xì)胞比值(NLR)、美國國立衛(wèi)生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)評(píng)分等資料。在對(duì)患者隨訪3個(gè)月后,通過格拉斯哥預(yù)后評(píng)分(GOS)評(píng)估預(yù)后[8],根據(jù)GOS將病例組分為預(yù)后不良組(GOS≤3分)38例和預(yù)后良好組(GOS>3分)52例。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法 采用SPSS 25.0處理數(shù)據(jù),計(jì)數(shù)資料以例(%)表示,組間比較采用χ2檢驗(yàn);計(jì)量資料以[x] ±s表示,組間比較采用t檢驗(yàn)。Pearson法分析血漿sCD163、sTWEAK水平及sCD163/sTWEAK比值與血腫體積、NIHSS評(píng)分、WBC、PLT、NLR的相關(guān)性,Spearman法分析與出血部位的相關(guān)性;Logistic回歸分析ACH患者預(yù)后不良的影響因素;受試者工作特征(ROC)曲線分析sCD163/sTWEAK比值對(duì)ACH患者預(yù)后不良的預(yù)測價(jià)值。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 病例組和對(duì)照組血漿sCD163、sTWEAK水平及sCD163/sTWEAK比值比較 病例組血漿sCD163、sTWEAK水平及sCD163/sTWEAK比值均顯著高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05),見表1。
2.2 預(yù)后良好組和預(yù)后不良組血漿sCD163、sTWEAK水平及sCD163/sTWEAK比值比較 預(yù)后良好組患者血漿sCD163、sTWEAK水平及sCD163/sTWEAK比值顯著低于預(yù)后不良組患者(P<0.05),見表2。
2.3 2組患者臨床資料比較 預(yù)后良好組和預(yù)后不良組患者性別、年齡、BMI、糖尿病、冠心病、發(fā)病至手術(shù)時(shí)間、手術(shù)時(shí)間、TC、TG、收縮壓、舒張壓、血糖比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),預(yù)后良好組血腫體積、NIHSS評(píng)分、WBC、PLT、NLR、高血壓及幕下出血比例低于預(yù)后不良組,LDL-C高于預(yù)后不良組(P<0.05),見表3。
2.4 sCD163/sTWEAK與出血部位等指標(biāo)的相關(guān)性分析 相關(guān)性分析表明,病例組血漿sCD163、sTWEAK水平及sCD163/sTWEAK比值與出血部位、血腫體積、NIHSS評(píng)分、WBC、PLT、NLR均呈正相關(guān)(P<0.05),見表4。
2.5 ACH患者預(yù)后不良的影響因素分析 sCD163、sTWEAK及sCD163/sTWEAK比值存在共線性,因此選擇以sCD163/sTWEAK比值、高血壓、WBC、血腫體積、PLT、LDL-C、NLR、NIHSS評(píng)分(均為實(shí)測值)、出血部位(幕下出血=1,幕上出血=0)為自變量,以ACH患者預(yù)后狀況為因變量(不良=1,良好=0),采用逐步向前法進(jìn)行Logistic回歸分析。結(jié)果顯示,sCD163/sTWEAK比值、出血部位、血腫體積、NIHSS評(píng)分為ACH患者預(yù)后不良的影響因素(P<0.05),見表5。
2.6 sCD163、sTWEAK及sCD163/sTWEAK比值對(duì)ACH患者預(yù)后不良的預(yù)測價(jià)值 ROC曲線分析結(jié)果顯示,最佳截?cái)嘀禐?.43×103時(shí),sCD163/sTWEAK比值評(píng)估患者預(yù)后不良的敏感度和特異度更好,見表6、圖1。
3 討論
3.1 ACH的治療現(xiàn)狀 腦出血占所有急性腦血管事件的10%~30%,致殘率和死亡率較高,血腫可引發(fā)早期炎癥反應(yīng),從而增強(qiáng)出血性腦內(nèi)損傷[9]。ACH患者可能出現(xiàn)血腫擴(kuò)張、神經(jīng)功能障礙等癥狀,與患者預(yù)后密切相關(guān)[10]。自發(fā)性腦出血預(yù)后較差,且受多種因素影響,近年來盡管此類患者的急性期管理取得了重大進(jìn)展,但目前尚無特定治療方法能改善臨床結(jié)果和遠(yuǎn)期結(jié)局[11]。因此,尋找合適的血漿指標(biāo)對(duì)早期評(píng)估ACH患者預(yù)后可能具有重要意義。而本文通過檢測患者血漿sCD163、sTWEAK水平并計(jì)算sCD163/sTWEAK比值來分析其與ACH患者預(yù)后的關(guān)系。
3.2 sCD163與ACH的發(fā)生及預(yù)后的關(guān)系 CD163是單核巨噬細(xì)胞的清道夫受體,與炎癥反應(yīng)有關(guān);sCD163由膜蛋白的蛋白水解產(chǎn)生,以可溶形式釋放到血清或其他體液中,其水平升高與癌癥患者預(yù)后不良有關(guān)[12]。有研究表明,血清sCD163水平是巨噬細(xì)胞活性的標(biāo)志物,具有抗炎活性和免疫調(diào)節(jié)作用,其水平上調(diào)可引起巨噬細(xì)胞活化和增殖,對(duì)活化T淋巴細(xì)胞的產(chǎn)生和增殖具有直接抑制作用;sCD163水平的升高可能是炎癥增加的標(biāo)志,其在缺血性和出血性腦卒中的繼發(fā)性損傷中具有重要作用[13]。Drieu等[14]研究表明,CD163在腦脊液-動(dòng)脈液流循環(huán)中起到關(guān)鍵作用,腦脊液循環(huán)不暢與腦出血后顱內(nèi)壓升高、鐵離子神經(jīng)元毒性等不良預(yù)后因素有關(guān)。ACH患者血清sCD163水平顯著高于健康人群,其水平與血腫擴(kuò)張有關(guān),血清sCD163高表達(dá)可促進(jìn)ACH患者血腫吸收,可作為ACH患者不良結(jié)局的預(yù)后標(biāo)志物[15]。在本研究中,ACH患者血漿sCD163水平顯著升高,預(yù)后良好患者sCD163水平低于預(yù)后不良者,說明sCD163水平與ACH患者預(yù)后可能具有一定關(guān)系。
3.3 sTWEAK及sCD163/sTWEAK與ACH發(fā)生及預(yù)后的關(guān)系 sTWEAK在單核細(xì)胞和內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞中均有表達(dá),能與跨膜Ⅰ型蛋白Fn14受體結(jié)合,導(dǎo)致信號(hào)通路的刺激和促炎分子的釋放,與腦出血患者早期血腫生長有關(guān),可作為預(yù)測腦出血發(fā)生和腦出血患者不良功能結(jié)局的生物標(biāo)志物[16]。有研究表明蛛網(wǎng)膜下腔出血患者血清sTWEAK水平較高,與炎癥和出血嚴(yán)重程度密切相關(guān),其濃度升高可能造成患者不良臨床結(jié)局[17]。在本研究中,ACH患者血漿sTWEAK水平較高,且預(yù)后良好患者顯著低于預(yù)后不良者,說明sTWEAK水平可能與ACH患者預(yù)后有關(guān)。劉瑩等[18]研究表明,腦梗死后血清sTWEAK水平較高,其高水平會(huì)加重缺血后腦損傷。趙賓等[19]研究表明,血清sTWEAK水平與急性腦梗死患者腦白質(zhì)病變密切相關(guān),且其水平隨病變程度增加而上調(diào)。Altintas等[20]研究表明,心肌梗死預(yù)后不良患者sCD163、sTWEAK水平較高,sCD163與sTWEAK水平呈正相關(guān)。sCD163/sTWEAK比值增加與心腦血管疾病和外周動(dòng)脈疾病嚴(yán)重程度和遠(yuǎn)期死亡率有關(guān)[21]。本研究中,病例組sCD163/sTWEAK比值較高,預(yù)后良好組sCD163/sTWEAK較低。Logistic回歸分析表明sCD163/sTWEAK比值與ACH患者預(yù)后關(guān)系密切。ROC曲線結(jié)果表明,sCD163/sTWEAK比值對(duì)ACH患者預(yù)后不良具有良好的預(yù)測價(jià)值,進(jìn)一步證實(shí)了該比值在ACH患者預(yù)后評(píng)估中的作用。
綜上所述,sCD163/sTWEAK比值在ACH患者血漿中水平較高,與患者預(yù)后不良有關(guān),對(duì)預(yù)測ACH患者預(yù)后具有一定價(jià)值。但目前關(guān)于sCD163/sTWEAK比值與ACH患者預(yù)后關(guān)系的研究相對(duì)較少,且本研究中樣本量較小,隨訪時(shí)間較短,限制了研究結(jié)論普遍性,后續(xù)需增加樣本量深入研究。
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(2023-10-07收稿 2023-11-30修回)
(本文編輯 李鵬)