例析“七選五”閱讀題中主旨概括題的解答方法

主旨概括題是“七選五”閱讀題的?？碱}型之一。它主要考查考生對(duì)文章或段落進(jìn)行概括的能力。它要求考生在閱讀文章時(shí)，能夠提煉其中心思想，體會(huì)作者的寫(xiě)作意圖，充分運(yùn)用概括能力提取文章的主題、觀點(diǎn)以及作者的情感態(tài)度。這類題通常從兩個(gè)方面考查：①概括文章或段落的主題句或結(jié)論性語(yǔ)句；②總結(jié)段落標(biāo)題。下面，筆者將結(jié)合例題來(lái)談?wù)劇捌哌x五”閱讀題中主旨概括題的解題技巧，希望能幫助學(xué)生提升解題效率。

一、技巧點(diǎn)撥

該題型根據(jù)考查對(duì)象的不同，可以把主旨概括型題目分為兩類：標(biāo)題句和主題句。標(biāo)題句往往短小精悍，多為名詞性短語(yǔ)或祈使句，一般用以總結(jié)文章或者某個(gè)段落的主旨。學(xué)生需要通讀整個(gè)文本或者段落，理清文本邏輯和結(jié)構(gòu)，才能歸納出標(biāo)題句。主題句往往用來(lái)概括某段落的中心思想，一般設(shè)在段首。一般情況下，短文首段給出中心句，其他各段落有一個(gè)段落中心句，它們一起構(gòu)成文本的框架結(jié)構(gòu)。學(xué)生需要認(rèn)真閱讀該段落，聯(lián)系選項(xiàng)中的特點(diǎn)，查找關(guān)鍵詞的相關(guān)詞或者同義詞，從而推測(cè)出主題句，得出答案。主題句一般具有一定的概括性，不涉及具體的細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容，學(xué)生需要注意主題句概括的完整性，避免以偏概全或者與段落中心思想不符合。

二、典題例析

例1標(biāo)題句

（山東省2023屆高三百校聯(lián)考）

“I’d recommend thoroughly checking your applica?tion before you send it off.Many delays are made through typical errors—such as incorrect photos or typos（排版錯(cuò)誤）—which can worsen your chances of receiving a passport in time for a summer trip，”he continues.

A.Ensure your details are correct

B.Admit your information of passports is right

C.Many people don’t like the stressful life and want to travel

D.Keep this in mind if you don’t want to end up be?ing stuck in the waiting line

E.Naveen，founder of Next Vacay，has issued four tips to speed up the passport process

F.You also need the minimum of three or sixmonths to gain entry into many destinations

G.However，if you are traveling for an emergency，you may be able to accelerate the process

解析：A。下文“I’d recommend thoroughly check?ing your application before you send it off.（我建議你在發(fā)送之前徹底檢查你的申請(qǐng)）”說(shuō)明本段大意：確保信息無(wú)誤，因此A項(xiàng)“確保你的詳細(xì)信息正確無(wú)誤”概括本段大意，故選A項(xiàng)。

例2標(biāo)題句

（廣東省2023屆高三六校第二次聯(lián)考）

Some people can have serious allergic reactions to mosquitoes，although in practice it is rare，Vosshallsaid.If you experience severe symptoms such as breathing trouble，you should seek medical attention immediately.

A.When to seek medical attention？

B.What to do with a mosquito bite？

C.It’s not the bite that causes the itch

D.The more you scratch，the more they itch

E.The little red bumps swell up almost immediately

F.Scratching can cause secondary infections and prolong the irritation

G.Infact，the best remedy to fight the itch is to pre?venta bite in the first place

解析：A。根據(jù)本文結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處是本段的小標(biāo)題。根據(jù)下文“If you experience severe symptomssuch as breathing trouble，you should seek medical atten?tion immediately.（如果出現(xiàn)呼吸困難等嚴(yán)重癥狀，應(yīng)立即就醫(yī)）”可知，本段主要圍繞“就醫(yī)”展開(kāi)論述，且應(yīng)是一個(gè)問(wèn)句。A項(xiàng)“When to seek medical attention？（何時(shí)就診？）”，符合文意。故選A項(xiàng)。

例3主題句

（惠州市2023屆高三第一次調(diào)研考試試題）.I studied for a degree in English Literature，and three years spent analyzing texts which I would other?wise not have chosen to read，greatly took the shine off reading.It took me a long time to find my way back to books.J.K.Rowling，I have to say，was a godsend in that respect.

A.That’s why I love the books

B.My spelling has improved since then

C.Her books turned me into a devoted reader

D.My favorite type is definitely detective fiction

E.The honest answer is that there really aren’t any

F.My passion for reading has benefited me a lotina long run

G.But my relationship with books hasn’t always been an easy one

解析：G。根據(jù)下文“It took me along time to find my way back to books.（我花了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才重新回到閱讀的路上）”中的“along time”和“find my way”可知，G項(xiàng)“但我和書(shū)的關(guān)系并不總是那么容易”符合語(yǔ)境。故選G項(xiàng)。

綜上所述，在解答“七選五”閱讀題中的主旨概括題時(shí)，考生應(yīng)當(dāng)注意這種題型的設(shè)題方向：是概括文章或段落的主題句或結(jié)論性語(yǔ)句，還是段落標(biāo)題，在掌握標(biāo)題句和段落主題句特點(diǎn)的基礎(chǔ)上，運(yùn)用上述的答題技巧，便能輕松解題。