肢體，信息的傳遞

本刊試題研究中心

第一部分 閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

A

Non-verbal communication is a broad term used to describe any method of conveying information without words.Whether intentional,based on societal cues (提示),or completely unconscious,common forms of non-verbal communication include body language and facial cues,fashion and personal clothing,hand gestures,as well as graphical signs and design.

It is important to note that non-verbal communication is really about a lack of words,rather than a lack of speech sounds.That means writing would be considered verbal communication while sounds like grunts (嘟噥聲) would not.

Non-verbal communication can be broadly divided into relatively universal forms and culturally dependent forms.Many facial expressions,for example,are relatively universal,with most cultures able to identify expressions of fear,joy,or anger.On the other hand,non-verbal cues like bowing,shaking hands,or flashing a peace sign are culturally characteristic,and therefore have little meaning outside of cultures that understand them.

Fashion is a form of non-verbal communication,and in many modern cultures it is a hugely important way in which people telegraph things about themselves.

Gestures also act as a form of non-verbal communication.A wide range of hand gestures can be found in most cultures,and in the west there are some almost universal gestures,such as a wave goodbye,a thumbs-up to show everything is okay,or hand outspread to signify offerings.

Body language is one of the most studied forms of non-verbal communication,and deals with how the body rests,how it is situated in relation to other bodies,and the special distance between bodies.For example,turning towards a person when seated and speaking to him/her is a non-verbal cue showing interest,while turning away shows a lack of interest.Tipping your head slightly is a form of non-verbal communication to show curiosity or express that you are listening closely to what the person is saying,while constantly looking away would show a lack of attention.

1.What is the purpose of the author in writing the text?

A.To explain what non-verbal communication is.

B.To introduce some universal body language.

C.To compare non-verbal cues and verbal ones.

D.To discuss the cultural shock of communication.

2.According to the author,the meaning of ______ differs across cultures.

A.smiling B.grunting

C.bowing D.screaming

3.What is paragraph 6 mainly about?

A.Body language is the most frequently studied by scientists.

B.Body language relies on body movements to convey messages.

C.Body language can be used to express different meanings.

D.Body language varies very slightly from one country to another.

B

A Norfolk sheepdog named Peggy spent most of her life working on a farm and helping her human herd animals from place to place.She was great at her job,which requires keen intelligence and the ability to listen to a shepherd's signals.But everything changed when Peggy suddenly went deaf for unknown reasons.

Peggy was sent to an animal shelter in 2018.With the shelter full,staffers tried to find a foster family for her to spend the holidays with.Thankfully,animal welfare manager Chloe Shorten stepped up to take her in! “We decided she could stay with us temporarily while we found somewhere more permanent to take her in,but we completely fell in love with her almost immediately and it soon became clear that she wouldn't be going anywhere!” Chloe said.“She was greasy and out of condition,untrusting and frightened,” the shelter added.

“She soon started to bond with me and we started taking her to fun places like the beach,something we don't think she has ever experienced before,” Chloe said.“With some tender loving care and good food,Peggy soon started to adjust to life.Several months on,Peggy has blossomed into a dog who is continuing to improve daily.”

One of the biggest ways Peggy's new family helped her adjust was getting her back to work.Working dogs are bred to do a specific job,and without a purpose,they can grow depressed and bored.So Chloe introduced the dog to hand signs and taught her to use her eyes in place of her ears while on the job.Now that she's 10,she's “generally retired”,but she still enjoys herding and continues to impress her family with how quickly she learns new skills.

4.What can we infer about Peggy from the text?

A.She is ten and has retired.

B.She went deaf due to a rare condition.

C.It was long before she adjusted to her new life.D.She was abandoned by her former family.

5.How many ways did Chloe use to help Peggy adjust in the text?

A.Two. B.Three. C.Five. D.Six.

6.Why did Chloe get Peggy back to work?

A.She was depressed and bored by her performance.

B.She wanted to help her recover her sense of hearing.

C.She needed her to help herd animals.

D.She was concerned about her mental health.

7.Which of the following best describes Peggy?

A.Aggressive and shy. B.Adaptable and gifted.

C.Untrusting and greasy. D.Fierce and talented.

C

Statistics show that most toddlers (剛學(xué)會(huì)走路的小孩) learn how to say about 20 words by 18 months.Talking is easy.If you ask anyone,none will remember how they started doing it,it just comes naturally.

But what might not flow as smoothly as words,is body language.It's a whole different deal when you're using your hands,eyes or head instead of your tongue.And what makes it even more complicated is the fact that body language differs all around the world.

I find it shockingly amazing how just a small finger gesture could mean one thing in the east and completely opposite in the west.For instance,in Japan bowing is the most common greeting.It shows respect and Japanese pay a lot of attention to the details like timing,posture and movement.A bow in Japan represents sincerity,respect and graciousness.The pressing of noses and foreheads is the traditional greeting among Maori in New Zealand.They call it “hongi”,which is regarded as the breath of life.

For most of us,nodding our heads up and down often means agreement,but not for the Bulgarians or Greeks.In both cultures,nodding one's head up and down actually means“no”.The American “goodbye” wave could actually be interpreted as “no” in many parts of Europe and Latin America.And the Italian “goodbye” wave would be understood in America as “come here” and the American “come here” gesture would actually be seen as an insult (侮辱) in most of Asia.

So before you travel to explore a different culture,make sure you're aware of alternate meanings for body language.We live in a world with many different cultures,so don't forget how differently one hand gesture can be interpreted!8.What makes body language misunderstood often?

A.Its wide uses.

B.Its smooth flowing.

C.Its difficulties in understanding.

D.The background of different cultures.

9.What does the pressing of noses and foreheads mean for Maori in New Zealand?

A.Breath. B.Respect. C.Tradition. D.Greeting.

10.In which country does nodding mean “no”?

A.America. B.Greece. C.New Zealand. D.Japan.

11.What can be a suitable title for the text?

A.The origin of body language

B.The limitation of culture

C.Body language around the world

D.The difference of culture around the world

D

Much information can be conveyed,purely through our eyes,so the expression “eyes also talk” is often heard.

Can you recall any experience that further proves this statement? On a bus you may quickly glance at a stranger,but not make eye contact.If he/she senses that he/she is being stared at,he/she may feel uncomfortable.

It is the same in daily life.If you are stared at for more than necessary,you will look at yourself up and down to see if there is anything wrong with you.If nothing goes wrong,you will feel angry about others staring at you that way.Eyes do convey information,right?

Looking too long at someone may seem to be rude and aggressive.But things are different when it comes to staring at the opposite sex.If a man looks at a woman for more than 10 seconds and refuses to turn away his gaze,his intentions are obvious.That is,he wishes to attract her attention,to make her understand that he is showing affection for her.

However,the normal eye contact for two people engaged in conversation is that the speaker will only look at the listener from time to time,in order to make sure that the listener does pay attention to what the speaker is speaking,to tell him that he is attentive.

If a speaker looks at you continuously when speaking,as if he tries to control you,you will feel uneasy.A poor liar usually exposes himself by looking too long at the victim,since he believes the false idea that to look straight in the eye is a sign of honest communication.

In fact,continuous eye contact happens between lovers only,who will enjoy looking at each other tenderly for a long time,to show love that words cannot express.

Evidently,eye contact should be done according to the relationship between two people and the specific situation.

12.What may a person usually do on a bus?

A.Glance at a stranger with eye contact.

B.Use eyes to talk to a stranger politely.

C.Glance at a stranger without eye contact.

D.Talk to a stranger politely after a quick glance.

13.Why is a poor liar easy to be seen through?

A.He/She thinks that he/she is honest.

B.He/She wants to control the victim.

C.He/She feels uneasy about others' eye contact.

D.He/She looks straight at the victim for too long a time.

14.What does it mean if a man looks at a woman for over 10 seconds?

A.He likes her eyes.

B.He admires her.

C.He knows her well.

D.He makes contact with her.

15.What's the best title for the text?

A.Eyes can also “talk”

B.How to make eye contact

C.Different ways of expressing thoughts

D.The importance of body language

第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）

閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

Make sure of avoiding the following common body-language errors,if you want to make a good impression on your conversational partner.

Continuous nodding

Nodding at all the right times and places during a conversation can show that you're fully engaged. 16 ,it'll make you appear that you're hoping to hide the fact that you're hardly—or not even—paying attention.Keep your head straight,your eyes forward,and only nod when appropriate.

Crossing your arms

There's a reason why people don't like it when their conversational partners cross their arms: It makes them appear unwilling to talk.In the animal kingdom,we keep our arms in front of us to protect ourselves from threats. 17 .

Unsmiling

We're not saying you should smile as if the person you're speaking with keeps making jokes. 18 .Smiles are also infectious,so if you start smiling,your partner will be more likely to smile too.

19

Keeping your eyes on your feet or the ground in front of you when speaking with another person can make you look a bit ashamed of yourself.This is definitely the impression you don't want to make on your listeners,especially in formal settings where you're being judged by everything you say and do,such as at a job interview.So try to keep your eyes focused on the person in front of you.

Being too close

All cultures are different in terms of proper social conduct.Depending on where you live,the distance between two people can be as close as 2 feet or as far as 5. 20 .Nobody likes having his or her personal space invaded,so try and respect his or her wishes by keeping an appropriate distance.

A.Looking downward

B.But if you nod too much

C.Irregular movement of the eyes

D.Keep smiling when the other people are talking

E.But in social life,try to keep our bodies as open as possible

F.However,you should try and keep a smile loaded up whenever needed

G.Whichever it is,give your conversational partner room to breathe freely

第二部分 語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）

閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。

Elizabeth Buechele,the founder of The Smile Project,from the age of 17 has set out to find the true meaning of 21 .Starting as one of her many 22 accidents,The Smile Project began in the late fall of 2011 as Liz 23 home.

“It was unusually warm and I had my windows down and my radio up. I couldn't tell you a single 24 that was on the radio,but I 25 I was happy,” she recalled. “I got home and 26 a Facebook status stating,‘Day 1: Happiness is...those 27 car rides where the radio just plays all the right songs.’.”

As day 1 turned into day 2,3,4 and now nearly 3,307 days of finding joy,this practice has 28 into The Smile Project,a campaign with one simple 29: Share joy.

Elizabeth Buechele admits that it was 30 initially to stay true to the commitment of finding joy every day but she 31 that there is no day without joy and she felt moved to 32 one each day.Many people are 33 as she shares,“It's easy to feel that what we do is so 34 ,but none of us is truly able to grasp the profound impact that our lives will have on one another.Happiness and kindness are just another way to 35 love and that's something we could all use a little more of right now.”

21.A.love B.kindness C.happiness D.beauty

22.A.annoying B.astonishing C.interesting D.rewarding

23.A.left B.walked C.called D.drove

24.A.song B.game C.poem D.story

25.A.wish B.remember C.imagine D.pretend

26.A.posted B.fixed C.chose D.changed

27.A.risky B.traditional C.perfect D.distant

28.A.mixed B.run C.grown D.broken

29.A.logo B.function C.design D.mission

30.A.natural B.difficult C.helpful D.impossible

31.A.judged B.predicted C.believed D.realized

32.A.find B.prepare C.create D.experience

33.A.ashamed B.excited C.inspired D.satisfied

34.A.special B.small C.useless D.important

35.A.express B.measure C.describe D.understand

第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）

閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

Gestures can 36.________ (use) to express people's thoughts and opinions in their interactions 37.________ other people,38.________ means we can learn a lot about 39.________ people are thinking by watching their body language.However,in different countries the same gesture may have different meanings.For example,in some countries,looking into the eyes of the person you are talking to 40.________ (be) a way to display interest,but in many Middle Eastern countries men and women should avoid 41.________(make) eye contact.In most countries,42.________ (shake) one's head means “no”,and nodding means “yes”.By contrast,in Bulgaria and southern Albania,the gestures have the opposite meaning.In countries like France and Russia,people may kiss their friends on 43.________ cheek when they meet.Elsewhere,people favour shaking hands,bowing from the waist,or nodding the head when they meet someone else.

All in all,body language 44.________ (vary) from culture to culture,but it is safe 45.________ (follow) the golden rule: When in Rome,do as the Romans do.

第三部分 寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）

第一節(jié)（滿分15分）

假定你是李華，你校將舉辦英語演講比賽。請(qǐng)你以“Body language”為題寫一篇演講稿，內(nèi)容包括：

1.肢體語言的重要性;

2.你常用的肢體語言及原因。注意：

1.詞數(shù)80左右；

2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

Body language

That'sall.Thanksforyourlistening.

第二節(jié)（滿分25分）

閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。

A rock looks as big as a house.That's how the guide book described Giant Rock.I was finally going to see it on snowshoes,with my three older cousins and my dad.I'd been snowshoeing before and I liked the adventure of hiking through deep snow alongside wild-animal tracks.

At the parking area down the hill,after putting on our snowshoes,we studied the map.Dad said,“We start here,on the red trail.Then we turn left onto the purple trail.That's where Giant Rock is.Remember to stick together,guys.” The trail ran uphill alongside a stone wall.It was easy to follow because red markers were nailed to the trees and the snow had been packed down by other hikers.At the top of the hill,we turned onto the purple trail.My cousins and my dad were faster than I was,but I managed to keep up.

The late afternoon sun felt warm,although it was already sinking lower.Finally,we reached a hill and saw the big rock sitting alone,so splendid and charming against the setting sun.My cousins and I high-fived each other and jogged down the slope until we stood at the base,breathless.

Noticing the sun had sunk even lower,Dad said after a few minutes,“Let's head back.”I was a little behind the group when I noticed a set of animal tracks I didn't recognize.They were hard to see among the footprints,so I followed them off the trail for a closer look.There were no claw marks,which meant they didn't belong to a dog or a fox.I was thinking about it when I suddenly realized how quiet it had gotten.I shouted at the top of my voice,“Where is everyone?” Nothing.I was totally alone.

“They couldn't have gone too far,” I thought.“Stepping back onto the trail,I'll catch them up if I hurry.” Several minutes later,I came to a crossroads where I could turn left or go straight,but both trails had purple markers.It was difficult to choose.Soon it was too dark to tell what colour the markers were.And I couldn't just follow my own footsteps because there were so many tracks from other hikers.

注意：續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右。

Paragraph 1:

Itseemedtogrowdarkeranddarker,andIhadnophone.________________________

Paragraph 2:

Iheardvoices,someonecalling,“Luke,whereareyou?”________________________