ChatGPT
——最智能的聊天機器人程序

蔡劍媚

（廣東省中山市第二中學 ）

AI bot ChatGPT —the Most Intelligent Chatrobot

Professors,programmers and journalists could all be out of work in just a few years,after the latest chatbot from OpenAI stunned onlookers with its writing ability,proficiency at complex tasks,and ease of use.

The system,called ChatGPT,is the latest evolution of the GPT family of text-generating（生成文本的）AIs.Two years ago,the team’s previous AI,GPT3,was able to generate an opinion piece for the Guardian,and ChatGPT has significant further capabilities.

In the days since it was released,academics（學者）have generated responses to exam queries that they say would result in full marks if submitted by an undergraduate,and programmers have used the tool to solve coding challenges in obscure programming languages in a matter of seconds—before writing limericks（五行打油詩）explaining the functionality.

Dan Gillmor,a journalism professor at Arizona State University,asked the AI to handle one of the assignments he gives his students: writing a letter to a relative giving advice regarding online security and privacy.“If you’re unsure about the legitimacy of a website or email,you can do a quick search to see if others have reported it as being a scam,”the AI advised in part.“I would have given this a good grade,”Gillmor said.“Academia has some very serious issues to confront.”

OpenAI said the new AI was created with a focus on ease of use.“The dialogue format makes it possible for ChatGPT to answer follow-up questions,admit its mistakes,challenge incorrect premises,and reject inappropriate requests,”O(jiān)penAI said in a post announcing the release.

Unlike previous AI from the company,ChatGPT has been released to be used for free during a“feedback”period.The company hopes to use this feedback to improve the final version of the tool.

ChatGPT is good at self-censoring（自我審查）,and at realizing when it is being asked an impossible question.Asked,for instance,to describe what happened when Columbus“arrived in America in 2015”,older models may have willingly presented an entirely fictitious account,but ChatGPT recognizes the falsehood and warns that any answer would be fictional.

The bot is also capable of refusing to answer queries altogether.Ask it for advice on stealing a car,for example,and the bot will say that,“Stealing a car is a serious crime that can have severe consequences,”and instead give advice such as“using public transportation.”

However,the limits are easy to evade（規(guī)避）.Ask the AI instead for advice on how to beat the carstealing mission in a fictional virtual reality game called“Car World”.Then the chatbot will give detailed information on how to steal a car.But it will do all this while insisting that the advice is only for use in the game“Car World”.

The AI is trained on a huge sample of text taken from the Internet,generally without explicit permission from the authors of the material used.That has led to controversy,with some arguing that the technology is most useful for“copyright laundering”（版權清洗）— making works derivative（衍生）of existing material without breaking copyright.

背景簡介

本文是“人與社會”主題語境下的一篇科技說明文。文章介紹了時下最智能、最會聊天、最受歡迎的聊天機器人程序ChatGPT 的驚人表現。站在科技前沿的ChatGPT 不但能完成本科生級別的滿分作業(yè)，而且能幫助程序員在幾秒鐘內解決編碼難題。它甚至能拒絕回答一些不可能的問題和違法的問題。但是也有人表示，ChatGPT 可能會涉及著作權和版權問題。對于ChatGPT 這個目前全世界最智能的聊天機器人程序，你怎么看？

全篇譯文

在OpenAI 的最新聊天機器人以其寫作能力、應對復雜任務的熟練程度和易用性驚呆了圍觀者之后，教授、程序員和記者都可能在短短幾年內失業(yè)。

該系統(tǒng)稱為ChatGPT，是GPT 系列文本生成AI 的最新一版。兩年前，該團隊的上一代人工智能GPT3 就能為《衛(wèi)報》撰寫一篇評論文章，而ChatGPT 具有顯著的進一步的功能。

在其發(fā)布后的幾天里，學者們對考試問題做出了回應，他們說如果由本科生提交，他們將獲得滿分。程序員們使用該工具在幾秒鐘內解決了晦澀編程語言中的編碼難題，之后還寫了打油詩解釋其功能。

亞利桑那州立大學新聞學教授丹?吉爾戴（Dan Gillmor）要求AI 處理他給學生的一項任務：給一位親戚寫信，就網絡安全和隱私提出建議。人工智能的一部分建議是：“如果你不確定某個網站或電子郵件的合法性，你可以快速搜索，看看其他人是否報告過這是一個騙局?！奔獱柲f：“我很可能會給它一個很不錯的分數。學術界將面臨一些非常嚴重的問題了?！?/p>

OpenAI 表示，新的AI 是以易用性為重點創(chuàng)建的。OpenAI 在宣布發(fā)布的帖子中表示：“對話形式使ChatGPT 能夠回答后續(xù)問題、承認錯誤、質疑不正確的假設和拒絕不適當的請求。”

與該公司以前的人工智能程序不同，ChatGPT在發(fā)布后，在“反饋”期間可免費使用。該公司希望利用這些反饋來改進該工具的最終版本。

ChatGPT 擅長自我審查，并能意識到何時被問到一個不可能的問題。例如，當被問及描述哥倫布“于2015 年抵達美洲”時發(fā)生的事情時，舊模型可能會提供完全虛構的描述，但ChatGPT 認識到了錯誤，并警告說任何答案都是虛構的。

這個機器人還能夠完全拒絕回答問題。例如，向機器人詢問關于偷車的建議，機器人會說，“偷車是一種嚴重的犯罪，可能會產生嚴重的后果?！辈⒔o出“使用公共交通工具”之類的建議。

然而，這些限制很容易就能規(guī)避。在一個名為“汽車世界”的虛擬現實游戲中，向人工智能征求如何完成偷車任務的建議。然后，聊天機器人將提供關于如何偷車的詳細信息。但它在做這一切的同時也堅稱此建議只適用于“汽車世界”的游戲中。

人工智能是根據互聯網上的大量文本樣本進行訓練的，通常未經所用文本材料作者的明確許可。這引發(fā)了爭議，一些人認為這項技術對“版權清洗”最有用，即在不破壞版權的情況下，將現有材料衍生成作品。

語言積累

stun vt.使震驚或愕、目瞪口呆

proficiency n.熟練；精通

evolution n.進化；發(fā)展；演變

query n.疑問

legitimacy n.合法性

scam n.騙局

confront vt.使……無法回避；面臨

fictitious adj.虛假的；虛構的

explicit adj.明確的；清晰的；清楚明白的

controversy n.（公開的）爭論

閱讀小練

1.How is the writing generated by ChatGPT?

A.Excellent. B.Obscure.

C.Illegal. D.Serious.

2.Why is it for free to use ChatGPT during a“feedback” period?

A.Because users want to improve its final version.

B.Because its company wants more people to use it.

C.Because its company hopes to get more feedback.

D.Because users must write feedback to its company.

3.What is the author’s attitude towards ChatGPT?

A.Favorable. B.Objective.

C.Critical. D.Uncertain.

素材積累

1.在發(fā)布后的幾天里，學者們對考試問題做出了回應，他們說如果由本科生提交，將獲得滿分。

In the days since it ____________________,academics have ____________________ to exam queries that they say would ____________ full marks if ________________ by an undergraduate.

2.OpenAI 表示，新的AI 是以易用性為重點而創(chuàng)建的。

OpenAI said the new AI was created ____________________ ease of use.

3.偷車是一種嚴重的犯罪，可能會產生嚴重后果。

____________________ is a serious crime that can have ____________________.

答案和解析

1.A。細節(jié)理解題。根據第四段“Dan Gillmor,a journalism professor at Arizona State University,...‘I would have given this a good grade,’Gillmor said.”可知，亞利桑那州立大學新聞學教授·吉爾莫（Dan Gillmor）要求AI 處理他給學生的一項任務：給一位親戚寫信，就網絡安全和隱私提出建議。人工智能的一部分建議是：“如果你不確定某個網站或電子郵件的合法性，你可以快速搜索，看看其他人是否報告過這是一個騙局?！奔獱柲f：“我很可能會給它一個很不錯的分數。”由此可知，ChatGPT 寫的文章非常出色。故選A。

2.C。細節(jié)理解題。根據第六段“Unlike previous AI from the company,ChatGPT has been released to be used for free during a‘feedback’period.The company hopes to use this feedback to improve the final version of the tool.”可知，與該公司以前的人工智能不同，在ChatGPT 發(fā)布后，在“反饋”期間可免費使用。該公司希望利用這些反饋來改進該工具的最終版本。故可知，在反饋期間免費使用是因為該公司希望收集到更多的反饋。故選C。

3.B。觀點態(tài)度題。根據全文內容可知，本文介紹了ChatGPT 的驚人表現，但也指出了其弊端（最后一段）。故可推知，作者對ChatGPT 的態(tài)度是客觀的。故選B。

素材積累

1.was released;generated responses;result in;submitted

2.with a focus on

3.Stealing a car/Stealing cars;severe consequences