動名詞用法聚焦

李孝全

動名詞是非謂語動詞的一種形式，它兼有動詞和名詞的特征，由“動詞原形加? ?ing”構(gòu)成。動名詞的否定形式是在其前面直接加not，即“not加動名詞”。如：

Walking is a healthy form of exercise. 散步是一種健康的運(yùn)動方式。

Excuse me for not coming to see you. 原諒我沒來看你。

★ 動名詞的構(gòu)成

★ 動名詞的用法

1. 動名詞可以作主語。此時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如：

As we all know， using public chopsticks is necessary when we eat with others.

眾所周知，當(dāng)我們和別人吃飯時，使用公筷是必要的。

注意：當(dāng)動名詞作主語時，還可以用it作形式主語。如：

It’s no use saying without doing. 只說不做是沒用的。

It’s no good talking to him because he never listens.

因?yàn)樗麖膩聿宦牐院退v沒用。

2. 動名詞可以作介詞（如by， for， of， without等）的賓語。如：

The farmer put an end to poverty by selling products on the Internet.

這位農(nóng)民通過在網(wǎng)上銷售產(chǎn)品來致富。

Thank you for preparing such a nice lunch for me.

謝謝你給我準(zhǔn)備了這么好吃的午餐。

They looked at each other without speaking. 他們相視無語。

3. 動名詞可以作某些動詞（enjoy， finish， practise， consider， suggest等）或動詞短語（如feel like， look forward to， give up等）的賓語。如：

I enjoy walking， and my brother enjoys playing tennis.

我喜歡散步，我的哥哥喜歡打網(wǎng)球。

He is considering traveling to Paris next month.

他正在考慮下個月去巴黎旅游。

To be honest， I don’t feel like eating anything now.

說實(shí)話，我現(xiàn)在不太想吃東西。

注意：stop， forget， remember， try等動詞后面既可以跟動詞不定式，也可以跟動名詞，但所表達(dá)的意思有所不同。如：stop to do sth. 意為“停下來做另外一件事”，stop doing sth. 意為“停止正在做的事”；forget / remember to do sth. 意為“忘記 / 記得要做某事”，forget / remember doing sth. 意為“忘記 / 記得做過某事”；try to do sth. 意為“盡力做某事”，try doing sth. 意為“嘗試做某事”。如：

It started raining and they stopped playing football.

天下起了雨，他們不踢足球了。

That’s all for today. Let’s stop to have dinner.

今天就到此為止吧。讓我們停下來吃晚飯吧。

4. 動名詞還常用于某些固定結(jié)構(gòu)中，如：be busy doing sth.; be worth doing sth.; be / get used to doing sth.; can’t help doing sth.; have fun doing sth.; have trouble / problem（s） / difficulty （in） doing sth.等。如：

Many places in China are very beautiful and they are well worth visiting.

中國很多地方都很漂亮，非常值得觀光游覽。

Mr. White is used to looking through the newspaper before going to bed.

懷特先生習(xí)慣在睡覺前瀏覽報紙。

Many students have trouble / problems / difficulty in learning English grammar.

許多學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)英語語法方面有困難。

即時演練：

1. Jane likes reading. She thinks__________books __________great fun.

A. reading; is B. reading; are

C. read; is D. read; are

2. —__________ did you tell Mary what happened to you？

—By__________ an e?mail.

A. What; send B. What; sending

C. How; send D. How; sending

3. We feel like __________some food and drink because we’ll invite some friends ____________________ in a party.

A. to buy; joining B. buying; to join

C. buying; join D. to buy; to join

4. I hope everyone can care about__________ the environment and stop__________things.

A. protecting; wasting B. protecting; to waste

C. protect; wasting D. protect; to waste

5. —So far， Hi， Mom is one of the most__________ films I’ve ever seen.

—That’s true. It is well worth__________ again.

A. moved; see B. moved; to see

C. moving; seeing D. moving; to see

6. I used to__________ newspaper and watch TV after dinner. But now I’m used to____________________ a walk.

A. read; take B. read; taking

C. reading; taking D. reading; take

7. —In my opinion， it’s no use__________too much money on clothes.

—I agree with you. Beauty of mind is the most important thing.

A. spending B. spent

C. spends D. to spend

8. —Why did Mom look unhappy？

—Because she was angry with me for __________ done anything.

A. not to have B. not have

C. not having D. not to having

（作者單位：甘肅省臨夏州積石山縣銀川初級中學(xué)）

Keys： 1—4 ADBA

5—8 CBAC