“偉大的朋友——史迪威將軍生平圖片展”光影中回望史迪威將軍的重慶歲月

劉丁睿

On August 8， “A Great Friend – Photo Exhibition on General Stilwells Life” commenced at the Chongqing Stilwell Museum as part of the events commemorating the 140th birth anniversary of General Stilwell.

General Stilwells Grandson Helping Prepare the Photo Exhibition

The 192 photos and more than 60 items on display vividly show General Stilwells life and military career， especially his love for traditional Chinese culture and the Chinese people during his stay in China.

Earlier， John Easterbrook， grandson of General Stilwell， donated some of the precious photos of General Stilwells work and life to the Chongqing Stilwell Museum， as well as a copy of the letter written by the U.S. Department of Defense to Mrs. Stilwell after he passed away. This year， the Chongqing Stilwell Museum， with the assistance of John Easterbrook， curated and launched this photo exhibition.

In addition to the preface， the exhibition is divided into three parts. The first part talks about Stilwells young years and his first four visits to China. The second part presents the stories of Stilwell， who came to China during World War II as the Chief of Staff to the Allied China Theater and assisted in commanding the operations in the China-Burma-India Theater. The third part reviews Stilwells experience after his return to the United States and the commemorating activities held by the Chinese and American people after he passed away.

No. 63 Jialing New Road， a Witness to General Stilwells Stories in Chongqing

Shortly after the Pearl Harbor Incident， the World Anti-Fascist Alliance was formed， and the Command of Allied Forces， China Theater was established in Chongqing. In March 1942， Stilwell was appointed Chief of Staff of the Allied China Theater， Supreme Commander of U.S. Forces in the China-Burma-India Theater， and U.S. Representative to the Allied War Committee in the China-Burma-India Theater.

Upon his arrival in Chongqing， Stilwell lived and worked at what is now No. 63 Jialing New Road until October 1944. Many of the photos in this exhibition record Stilwells years of fighting side by side with the Chinese people in Chongqing.

Time magazine once described General Stilwell as a staunch admirer of China and a learner of Chinese culture， a true “China Expert”. On the evening of March 9， 1942， Chiang Kai-shek and Soong Mei-ling hosted a banquet at the Huangshan Residence in honor of Stilwell. At the reception， Stilwell answered the toast in Chinese and conveyed President Roosevelts message again.

At the first press conference announcing his appointment， he said that trusting “my troops，” the Chinese army， “the happiest day of our lives will be the day when the Chinese and American troops enter Tokyo together.”

In October 1943， Stilwell led the China-U.S. Allied Forces in a counteroffensive in northern Burma. As the Chief of Staff to the Theater and Commander-in-Chief of the U.S. military， Stilwell often flew to and from Chongqing， India and Burma to deal with theater affairs. His private plane， a C-47， was known as “Uncle Joes chariot.” Chatting with fellow passengers on the plane also became rare leisure time for Stilwell.

“I would like to see the places described in Red Star Over China.”

During his stay in China， General Stilwell also helped China build highways and promoted close cooperation between the U.S. military and the Communist Party of China. Significant contributions were made to the final victory of the Chinese Peoples War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War. Visitors can also relate to those years from this photo exhibition.

On September 13， 1944， Stilwell received two representatives of the CPC in Chongqing. They conveyed to Stilwell the message from Commander-in-Chief Zhu De， “If we can get the necessary equipment， the CPC army is willing to shoulder important tasks in cooperation with the Allies.” Stilwell happily wrote down Zhu Des words on a piece of paper， saying， “We are currently working in this direction.” They also said that General Stilwell was welcome to Yanan， to which Stilwell replied， “I would like to see the places described by my friend Edgar Snow in Red Star Over China. This time I return from Guilin， I must go to Yanan. I am the Commander-in-Chief of the Vanguard. How can I perform without going to the front line？”

Stilwell was instrumental in the founding of Soong Ching-lings China Defense League and transported a large number of medical supplies to Yanan by U.S. military aircraft. Soong Ching-ling and Stilwell forged a deep friendship. In October 1944， Stilwell received an order of recall to return to the U.S.， and before leaving Chongqing， Stilwell rushed to Soong Ching-Lings Mansion to bid farewell. Soong Ching-ling and Stilwell sat silently in the living room for a long time. Before leaving， Soong picked up a pot of blooming white roses in the corridor and handed it to Stilwell. “Take it. This is my gift to your wife： a pot of Chinese white roses. It can also grow in the United States.” Stilwell died of stomach cancer in San Francisco on October 12， 1946.

The “A Great Friend – Photo Exhibition on General Stilwells Life” is a permanent exhibition open to the public at the Chongqing Stilwell Museum.

Translation/Gao Xiang and Xiong Lingsong

8月8日，作為約瑟夫·史迪威將軍誕辰140周年紀(jì)念活動(dòng)的重要部分，“偉大的朋友——史迪威將軍生平圖片展”在重慶史迪威博物館揭幕。

史迪威將軍外孫協(xié)助推出紀(jì)念圖片展

此次共展出192張歷史照片和60余件實(shí)物，生動(dòng)呈現(xiàn)史迪威將軍主要生平事跡和軍旅生涯，重點(diǎn)展示史迪威將軍在華期間對(duì)中華傳統(tǒng)文化和中國(guó)人民的熱愛。

此前，史迪威將軍外孫約翰·伊斯特布魯克向重慶史迪威博物館捐贈(zèng)了部分史迪威將軍工作、生活的珍貴照片，并贈(zèng)送了美國(guó)國(guó)防部在史迪威去世后寫給史迪威夫人的信函復(fù)印件。今年重慶史迪威博物館在伊斯特布魯克的協(xié)助下，策劃并推出了此次圖片展。

除序廳外，展覽分三個(gè)部分，第一部分講述史迪威早期成長(zhǎng)歷程及前四次來華經(jīng)歷；第二部分講述史迪威在二戰(zhàn)時(shí)期來華擔(dān)任中國(guó)戰(zhàn)區(qū)參謀長(zhǎng)并協(xié)助指揮中國(guó)戰(zhàn)區(qū)及印緬戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)作戰(zhàn)的事跡；第三部分講述史迪威返回美國(guó)后的經(jīng)歷以及去世后中美人民的紀(jì)念活動(dòng)。

嘉陵新路63號(hào)見證史迪威將軍的重慶故事

珍珠港事件爆發(fā)后不久，世界反法西斯同盟正式形成，當(dāng)時(shí)的中國(guó)戰(zhàn)區(qū)統(tǒng)帥部在重慶成立。1942年3月，史迪威出任同盟國(guó)中國(guó)戰(zhàn)區(qū)參謀長(zhǎng)、中緬印戰(zhàn)區(qū)美國(guó)部隊(duì)最高司令官、中緬印戰(zhàn)區(qū)盟軍戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)委員會(huì)美方代表等職。

抵達(dá)重慶后，史迪威將軍就在如今的嘉陵新路63號(hào)居住和工作，直至1944年10月。此次圖片展的不少照片，記錄了史迪威將軍在重慶與中國(guó)人民并肩作戰(zhàn)的歲月。

《時(shí)代》期刊曾這樣介紹史迪威將軍：他是中國(guó)堅(jiān)定的崇拜者和中國(guó)文化的學(xué)習(xí)者，是一位真正的“老中國(guó)通”。1942年3月9日晚，蔣介石和宋美齡在黃山官邸舉行宴會(huì)招待史迪威，在招待會(huì)上，面對(duì)祝酒，史迪威用中文作答，并再次轉(zhuǎn)達(dá)了羅斯福的口信。

在宣布他任職的第一次記者招待會(huì)上，他表示，信賴“我的部隊(duì)”即中國(guó)軍隊(duì)，“我們生命中最快樂的日子將是中國(guó)、美國(guó)軍隊(duì)一起進(jìn)入東京的那一天”。

1943年10月，史迪威率領(lǐng)中美盟軍展開緬北反攻戰(zhàn)。作為戰(zhàn)區(qū)參謀長(zhǎng)和美軍總司令，指揮作戰(zhàn)的同時(shí)史迪威還要常常往返于重慶、印度和緬甸處理戰(zhàn)區(qū)事務(wù)，他經(jīng)常乘坐的專機(jī)C—47也被人們稱作“喬大叔的戰(zhàn)車”。在飛機(jī)上與同行人員的聊天，也成為了史迪威難得的休閑時(shí)光。

“《西行漫記》中描寫的那些地方，我很想去看看”

史迪威將軍在華期間，還幫助中國(guó)修筑公路、推動(dòng)美軍與中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨緊密合作等，為中國(guó)人民抗日戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)暨世界反法西斯戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的最終勝利作出了重要貢獻(xiàn)。觀眾也可以從此次圖片展中感受那段歲月。

1944年9月13日，史迪威在重慶接見了兩名中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨代表，他們向史迪威轉(zhuǎn)達(dá)了朱德總司令的意見：“如果能得到必需的裝備，中共軍隊(duì)愿意在與同盟國(guó)的合作中肩負(fù)重要任務(wù)?！笔返贤芨吲d地在一張紙片上記下了朱德的話，一邊說：“我們目前正在朝著這個(gè)方向努力?！彼麄冞€表示，歡迎史迪威將軍到延安去，史迪威回答，“我的朋友斯諾在《西行漫記》中描寫的那些地方，我是很想去看看的。這次我從桂林回來以后，一定要去延安，我是前敵總司令，不到前線去怎么能行呢？”

史迪威對(duì)宋慶齡創(chuàng)建的保盟提供了有力幫助，曾通過美國(guó)軍用飛機(jī)將大量醫(yī)療物品運(yùn)往延安。宋慶齡和史迪威結(jié)下了深厚的友誼。1944年10月，史迪威收到回國(guó)調(diào)令，離開重慶前，史迪威趕往宋慶齡公館道別。宋慶齡和史迪威在會(huì)客廳里默默地坐了好一陣。臨行時(shí)，宋慶齡端起放在走廊上的一盆盛開的白玫瑰花，遞給史迪威：“帶上它，這是我給你夫人的贈(zèng)禮，一盆中國(guó)的白玫瑰，它也能在美國(guó)生長(zhǎng)下去?！?1946年10月12日，史迪威因患胃癌在舊金山逝世。

據(jù)介紹，“偉大的朋友——史迪威將軍生平圖片展”為常設(shè)展，市民可前往重慶史迪威博物館觀展。

與會(huì)嘉賓：留下了深刻的重慶印象、中國(guó)印象

展覽看起來非常棒。此行對(duì)史迪威將軍第五代子孫了解他們的外高祖父，以及親身感受中國(guó)人民的熱情友好起到了很好的教育作用。

——史迪威將軍外孫、美國(guó)陸軍退役上校約翰·伊斯特布魯克

此次訪渝將使我們終身難忘，你們所做的一切讓我們印象深刻。我相信今后無論是我們這一代還是下一代，都會(huì)繼續(xù)保持這種情誼，我們也愿意為美中友好繼續(xù)作出努力。

——史迪威將軍外曾孫女蘇珊·科爾

重慶市政府對(duì)史迪威博物館的建設(shè)和舉行此次活動(dòng)的投入，充分表明重慶對(duì)美中友誼的高度重視。史迪威的展覽資料收集全面，圖片主題鮮明、陳列有序、制作精致，使人仿佛回到從前。

——美軍太平洋司令部前副司令丹尼爾·立夫

重慶無疑是我最愛的中國(guó)城市，沒有之一。借此次活動(dòng)，既見到了老朋友，也認(rèn)識(shí)了新朋友。感謝重慶方面的盛情接待，也感謝在國(guó)際環(huán)境風(fēng)云變幻的當(dāng)今，總有這樣一批人在努力牽線，搭起溝通、友善的橋梁。我愿意盡自己所能，在民間交流等層面發(fā)揮自己的作用。

——美中貿(mào)易全國(guó)委員會(huì)前會(huì)長(zhǎng)羅伯特·柯白

這次來重慶主要是為我正在編著的關(guān)于斯諾家族的新書搜集更多的素材，史迪威博物館的照片為我提供了很好的歷史依據(jù)。應(yīng)該讓更多的人，尤其是年輕人了解這段歷史，這對(duì)重塑多年來由西方主導(dǎo)的歷史敘事具有推動(dòng)性的深遠(yuǎn)意義。

——美國(guó)友人海倫·福斯特·斯諾侄子埃里克·福斯特

作為重慶西南大學(xué)的美籍教師，我希望自己能夠成為在美中關(guān)系之間傳遞友誼的使者。我相信教育能夠建立起人與人之間相互理解和信任的紐帶。我也希望通過自己的言行，幫助兩國(guó)的學(xué)生和朋友們更好地了解和尊重彼此國(guó)家的優(yōu)勢(shì)和差異，兼容并包、求同存異。

——西南大學(xué)美籍教師福蘭課

這次來渝參加活動(dòng)很有收獲，既感受到重慶市政府外辦、史迪威研究中心利用歷史資源做好做足中美民間外交工作的成功成果，又感受到山城重慶改革開放、爭(zhēng)優(yōu)創(chuàng)先的特別干勁。

——中國(guó)國(guó)際戰(zhàn)略學(xué)會(huì)杜農(nóng)一