警犬訓(xùn)導(dǎo)員路博陽(yáng)

宋晨　黃慶

清晨6點(diǎn)，在遠(yuǎn)離城市喧囂的城鄉(xiāng)接合部——黑龍江省哈爾濱市道里區(qū)薛城路警犬基地，一人一犬正在緊張地訓(xùn)練，坐、臥、立、搜、蹤、襲……他們已經(jīng)訓(xùn)練了一個(gè)多小時(shí)了。從清晨到黃昏，從酷暑到嚴(yán)寒，這是他們的常態(tài)，也是他們的堅(jiān)守。

這名警犬訓(xùn)導(dǎo)員名叫路博陽(yáng)，2012年畢業(yè)于中國(guó)刑警學(xué)院警犬技術(shù)系，入警后，一直在黑龍江省哈爾濱市公安局刑事技術(shù)支隊(duì)警犬技術(shù)大隊(duì)從事訓(xùn)犬工作。作為戰(zhàn)斗員，路博陽(yáng)親手訓(xùn)練出考本、無(wú)敵、尼莫3頭公安部功勛犬；作為指揮員，他帶領(lǐng)全隊(duì)訓(xùn)練出功勛犬總計(jì)10頭。36歲的他，曾榮立個(gè)人二等功1次，先后被評(píng)為2022“最美基層民警”、全國(guó)優(yōu)秀人民警察等。

“訓(xùn)犬沒(méi)有通用教材”

路博陽(yáng)與功勛犬考本結(jié)緣在2015年。

好犬如烈馬。那時(shí)候，考本只有6個(gè)月大，剛剛斷奶就送給路博陽(yáng)一個(gè)“見(jiàn)面禮”——在他手臂上留下令他疼了好幾天的一排牙印。接下來(lái)，一連幾個(gè)月， 路博陽(yáng)每天24小時(shí)圍著考本轉(zhuǎn)，熟悉、照顧并對(duì)它進(jìn)行啟蒙訓(xùn)練。在訓(xùn)練場(chǎng)上，路博陽(yáng)不僅琢磨考本的脾氣，還研究考本的習(xí)性，以此有針對(duì)性地制定訓(xùn)練方案。為了集中精力訓(xùn)出功勛犬，路博陽(yáng)放棄了自考本科的考試——這也是“考本”名字的由來(lái)。路博陽(yáng)不服輸?shù)男愿駶撘颇馗腥局急?，人拼犬也拼，一拼到底?/p>

寒來(lái)暑往，光陰不負(fù)汗水。2018年，路博陽(yáng)帶著考本參加5年一屆的全國(guó)警犬技術(shù)比賽。在100多對(duì)參賽選手的激烈角逐中，路博陽(yáng)和考本嶄露鋒芒，脫穎而出，以超過(guò)第二名4倍速度的絕對(duì)優(yōu)勢(shì)奪得室內(nèi)搜捕項(xiàng)目冠軍。

“世界上沒(méi)有一本訓(xùn)練警犬的通用教材。因此，要訓(xùn)練好一頭優(yōu)秀的警犬，不僅需要腦力，還要付出體力。”路博陽(yáng)說(shuō)。

路博陽(yáng)最初帶了6頭犬，大的兩三歲，小的幾個(gè)月。這些犬來(lái)自不同國(guó)度，性情、眼神、動(dòng)作各不相同。但有一點(diǎn)是相似的，那就是瞳孔。從警犬技術(shù)系學(xué)到的理論，加之反復(fù)實(shí)踐，路博陽(yáng)積累了看瞳孔識(shí)情緒的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。如果犬的瞳孔放大，說(shuō)明它心不在焉。這時(shí)，無(wú)論使出什么招數(shù)，訓(xùn)練成效都不理想；如果犬的瞳孔縮小，說(shuō)明它精力集中。這時(shí)，只要按規(guī)定科目進(jìn)行，訓(xùn)練成效就會(huì)事半功倍。

路博陽(yáng)說(shuō)，警犬把每次訓(xùn)練和執(zhí)行任務(wù)都當(dāng)作“玩”，在這個(gè)“玩”中獲得食物獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，是警犬的最大欲望。為了滿足和刺激警犬的這種欲望，高質(zhì)量完成每一次任務(wù)，路博陽(yáng)在每次訓(xùn)練后和執(zhí)行任務(wù)中，都要帶上“獎(jiǎng)食”，擇機(jī)給警犬投喂以示獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。“獎(jiǎng)食”由牛肉、雞蛋、狗糧攪拌后，制成元宵形狀，警犬見(jiàn)到這個(gè)“元宵”立刻垂涎欲滴，為了獲得這口獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，就賣(mài)力地干活。

“判定一頭執(zhí)行任務(wù)的追蹤犬是否接近目標(biāo)，需要盯住它的尾巴。不管是長(zhǎng)尾巴還是短尾巴，如果搖擺得越來(lái)越快，說(shuō)明它已發(fā)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)?！币徽f(shuō)起警犬技術(shù)，路博陽(yáng)就滔滔不絕。

有一年秋天，某地發(fā)生一起縱火案，把一村民的苞米地?zé)齻€(gè)精光。路博陽(yáng)帶著硬質(zhì)地面追蹤犬新星執(zhí)行任務(wù)。通過(guò)外圍提取的足跡氣味，新星順線追蹤，七拐八拐，終于闖進(jìn)一座土房，在炕沿下面叼起一雙沾滿泥土的解放膠鞋。這時(shí)，新星的尾巴越搖越快，很是興奮，路博陽(yáng)心里就有譜了。果然，經(jīng)審訊， 確認(rèn)了這家男主人就是放火者。

山林搜捕一度是搜捕警犬訓(xùn)練的弱項(xiàng)。2015年10月至2016年3月，路博陽(yáng)和其他地區(qū)的9名警犬訓(xùn)導(dǎo)員參加公安部全國(guó)山林地搜捕研究班，目的是為更加有效地開(kāi)展此類(lèi)訓(xùn)練提供理論指導(dǎo)。路博陽(yáng)在此期間，撰寫(xiě)論文《犬的獵捕動(dòng)力與防御動(dòng)力及轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)機(jī)的把握》，被《中國(guó)工作犬業(yè)》雜志刊發(fā)。路博陽(yáng)還研發(fā)出警犬多功能氣味搜索訓(xùn)練箱，無(wú)償向全國(guó)警犬技術(shù)行業(yè)提供技術(shù)支援。經(jīng)過(guò)多年的努力，路博陽(yáng)的警犬技術(shù)日益提升，入選全國(guó)警犬技術(shù)人才庫(kù)，成為公安部搜捕犬特聘教官、公安部刑事技術(shù)青年人才。

多跑細(xì)搜總會(huì)找到線索

“訓(xùn)練是基礎(chǔ)，實(shí)戰(zhàn)是目的。讓警犬在打擊犯罪中發(fā)揮作用，是每位訓(xùn)導(dǎo)員最大的心愿?！甭凡╆?yáng)有一股狠勁兒、一股犟勁兒和一股鉆勁兒，他堅(jiān)信，只要他和警犬多跑一次、細(xì)搜一點(diǎn)，就會(huì)找到案件線索。

2018年，某區(qū)發(fā)生命案，社會(huì)影響極其惡劣。路博陽(yáng)帶隊(duì)追蹤17公里，3頭追蹤犬接力追蹤，連續(xù)兩天兩宿高強(qiáng)度作戰(zhàn)，終于成功鎖定犯罪嫌疑人的逃跑路線；2014年，在一起室內(nèi)殺人拋尸案中，路博陽(yáng)帶犬進(jìn)行室內(nèi)搜索，在不足20平方米的地方搜索了幾百次。最終，發(fā)現(xiàn)了一小塊殘留血跡，經(jīng)過(guò)比對(duì)直接認(rèn)定了殺人第一現(xiàn)場(chǎng)；2020年9月，在一起強(qiáng)奸幼女案中，犯罪嫌疑人乘坐公交逃離現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，路博陽(yáng)帶犬在作案現(xiàn)場(chǎng)獲得嗅源，為快速偵破案件指明了追蹤方向……

多年來(lái)，路博陽(yáng)在執(zhí)行追蹤犯罪嫌疑人、鑒別物證、搜索、押解看守、巡邏、警衛(wèi)等警務(wù)任務(wù)中，和他訓(xùn)練的功勛犬密切協(xié)作，屢屢發(fā)揮關(guān)鍵作用。

當(dāng)上副大隊(duì)長(zhǎng)后，由于分管業(yè)務(wù)工作，路博陽(yáng)的工作量加大了，凡是與業(yè)務(wù)有關(guān)的，他都當(dāng)仁不讓?zhuān)幪帋ь^。不說(shuō)別的，單說(shuō)每年300多次的排爆安檢，就夠路博陽(yáng)忙的，多年來(lái)，大隊(duì)這項(xiàng)工作無(wú)一次失誤。不論白天黑夜，只要接到任務(wù)，路博陽(yáng)立刻帶犬出征，一次次出色地完成任務(wù)。十多年來(lái)，路博陽(yáng)帶犬共計(jì)參加安檢警衛(wèi)和大型活動(dòng)保衛(wèi)任務(wù)4000多場(chǎng)次，利用警犬提供破案線索80多條，成功破案45 起。

路博陽(yáng)與犬結(jié)緣是從童年開(kāi)始的。那時(shí)候，路博陽(yáng)外公養(yǎng)了一頭不知道是什么品種的犬，后來(lái)外公去世，那頭犬不吃不喝最終餓死在門(mén)前。忠犬可以為主人舍命，這讓懵懂的路博陽(yáng)非常震撼。從那時(shí)候起，他深深地喜歡上了這種忠誠(chéng)的動(dòng)物。于是，路博陽(yáng)報(bào)考中國(guó)刑警學(xué)院時(shí)，毫不猶豫地選擇了警犬技術(shù)專(zhuān)業(yè)。

選擇容易堅(jiān)守難。路博陽(yáng)說(shuō)，訓(xùn)練警犬工作，三年入行，五年懂行，十年才算闖出名堂。無(wú)論遇到困難還是面對(duì)誘惑，他從未想過(guò)轉(zhuǎn)行，憑借著對(duì)警犬技術(shù)事業(yè)的一腔熱血，一心撲在業(yè)務(wù)訓(xùn)練上，研究各種先進(jìn)的訓(xùn)練方法。最累的時(shí)候，他一人帶了6頭犬，分別訓(xùn)練搜爆、追蹤、血跡、搜捕技術(shù)。

訓(xùn)練警犬是個(gè)技術(shù)活兒，也是個(gè)危險(xiǎn)活兒。訓(xùn)犬必須激發(fā)警犬的興奮度，特別是撲咬科目訓(xùn)練，訓(xùn)導(dǎo)員被咬傷是再平常不過(guò)的事了。路博陽(yáng)在黑龍江省公安廳擔(dān)任黑龍江首屆護(hù)衛(wèi)犬訓(xùn)練班教官時(shí)，在一次撲咬訓(xùn)練中，一頭攻擊性強(qiáng)、脾氣兇悍的犬在訓(xùn)練中誤傷到他。當(dāng)時(shí)，幸虧路博陽(yáng)反應(yīng)迅速，用手頂住了犬的鼻子，雖未被咬到脖子，但左手大拇指骨頭被犬咬碎了。十多年來(lái)，路博陽(yáng)累計(jì)被犬咬傷八處。每當(dāng)談及這些事，他都笑稱，傷疤是“戰(zhàn)士的勛章”。

訓(xùn)練警犬，臟、累、險(xiǎn)、苦是常態(tài)，孤獨(dú)也是常態(tài)，長(zhǎng)年累月跟這些“無(wú)言戰(zhàn)友”在一起，他身上總有一股洗不掉的“犬味”。別人可能會(huì)嫌棄，但是路博陽(yáng)卻對(duì)隊(duì)員們說(shuō)：“要是哪天誰(shuí)的身上沒(méi)了這個(gè)味兒，就不再是一名合格的警犬訓(xùn)導(dǎo)員了?！币?yàn)椋诼凡╆?yáng)心中，這是職業(yè)的味道，也是光榮的味道。

剛接回幼犬考本的時(shí)候，路博陽(yáng)的愛(ài)人也是剛剛懷孕。為了訓(xùn)練考本，路博陽(yáng)一頭扎在警犬基地，直到妻子臨產(chǎn)都沒(méi)能見(jiàn)上幾面。于是，妻子給女兒取名允來(lái)，是對(duì)丈夫一次次允諾歸來(lái)卻又每每食言的一種調(diào)侃。但是，比口頭抱怨更多的，卻是家人行動(dòng)上的默默支持。女兒開(kāi)口學(xué)話最初的幾句就是奶聲奶氣的“爸爸、媽媽、考本哥”……

“你們先吃吧，別等我，我有事還沒(méi)忙完?！?路博陽(yáng)常常這樣對(duì)妻子回話。因?yàn)榻拥饺∈讓米o(hù)衛(wèi)犬訓(xùn)練班開(kāi)班任務(wù)，路博陽(yáng)打著背包就出發(fā)了，而此時(shí)他的女兒也才剛出生不久。面對(duì)家人依依不舍的表情，他也難免心里有些酸，可是看到學(xué)員攜警犬破案，又讓他欣喜不已。

警犬無(wú)言，忠誠(chéng)無(wú)聲。在路博陽(yáng)心里，警犬和他一樣，也是一名戰(zhàn)士，必須不惜代價(jià)刻苦訓(xùn)練，才能打擊犯罪、守護(hù)安寧。

（責(zé)任編輯：張敏嬌）

It's 6 o'clock in the morning， and at the police dog training center in a quiet suburban part of Harbin， Heilongjiang Province， an officer is putting a trainee canine through his paces. At the center， which is on Xuecheng road in Daoli district，? the trainer and pooch have already been practicing various maneuvers for more than an hour， from sitting to standing， tracking to attacking. Day in and day out， year after year， they are here， practicing diligently always with a mission in mind.

The trainer is Lu Boyang. After graduating from the police dog skill department of the Criminal Investigation Police University of China in 2012， he joined the police force， training police dogs in the police dog squad under the forensic science and technology branch of the Harbin Public Security Bureau. Lu has already personally trained three award-winning dogs accredited by the Ministry of Public Security： Kaoben， Wudi， and Nimo. As an instructor， he has led his team to train a total of 10 exceptional police dogs. The now 36-year-old Lu has been honored with one medal of merit and the title of "the Most Beautiful Grass-roots Police Officer" and "National Outstanding Police Officer".

"No Textbook Available"

Lu met Kaoben， who would later become an outstanding police dog， in 2015， and since then he has established a rapport with his partner.

Great dogs tend to have strong personalities. When they first met， Kaoben， a 6-month-old puppy who was still weaning， left Lu with bite marks that stayed sore for days. For months afterward， Lu spent all his time around the cute puppy—befriending it， nurturing it， and starting to train it. Lu studied its temper and habits keenly on the training ground and crafted the most suitable coaching plans. It had become Lu's sole purpose to train Kaoben into an excellent police dog， and he even gave up the opportunity to take the self-taught undergraduate education exam to focus on Kaoben. This is also why Lu named the dog "Kaoben"， which in Chinese means "attain a bachelor's degree". Lu's unyielding spirit also exerted a subtle influence on Kaoben. Now they both encourage each other to constantly pursue better versions of themselves.

Time flies. Lu's diligence pays off. In 2018， Lu and Kaoben took part in the quinquennial National Police Dog Skill Competition. They stood out in a fiercely competitive field of over 100 pairs of police dogs and trainers， finishing the in-door raid section of the competition four times faster than the second-placed pair.

"There's no textbook to follow for police dog training. It requires total dedication， both mental and physical， to train an excellent police dog，" Lu says.

Initially， Lu trained up to six dogs by himself， aged from only a couple of months to three years. Coming from different countries， they had unique temperaments， eye expressions， and behaviors， but Lu noticed one common denominator among them— changes in pupil size. By combining theories he had learned in school with experience accumulated during practical training， he has developed an ability to identify a dog's emotions by reading its eyes. When the dog's pupils dilate it is distracted， meaning the training won't be effective whatever the trainer does. On the other hand， when the dog's pupils contract it is concentrating， and ready to learn. In this scenario， the training can be surprisingly successful.

According to Lu， police dogs view training and operations as a "game"， and their biggest desire is to get food rewards by "winning". Therefore， Lu always provides food incentives whenever they finish training or perform duties. These rewards are small balls made of beef， eggs， and dog food. The sight of the balls will make their mouth water， thereby working harder for best performance.

"The tail of a tracking dog can tell you if it is drawing nearer to the target. Regardless of the tail's length， rapid wagging indicates that the dog has found the target." Lu can be garrulous when it comes to dog training.

During one autumn， a farmer's corn field was reduced to ashes after an arson attack. Lu took Xinxing， a tracking dog， to help investigate the case. The dog sniffed the odor from the footprints on the scene before rushing out to hunt for the suspect. Finally， it zigzagged its way into a mud hut and mouthed a pair of dirty rubber-soled shoes under the edge of the brick bed. Seeing Xinxing moving its tail in excitement， Lu was convinced that the dog had found the suspect. Later interrogation confirmed that the house owner was indeed the arsonist.

It was once a challenge for police dogs to track suspects in mountains and forests. From October 2015 to March 2016， Lu and nine other police dog trainers from across China participated in a national workshop by the Ministry of Public Security， with a view to providing theoretical guidance. His participation resulted in a research paper entitled "Dogs' Hunting and Defending Motivation and the Timing of Switch"， published in the China Working Dog Journal. He also invented a multiple-purpose scent-tracking training toolbox， which has been provided for free as technical support in all police dog training facilities nationwide. As he sharpened his police dog training capability over the years， he was eventually selected as one of the country's talented police dog trainers， as a special instructor for hunting dog training， and as a young talent for crime solving techniques with the Ministry of Public Security.

Leads through Persistent Search

"Training is the foundation for winning every combat. It is the greatest wish of all trainers for their police dogs to be able to play a pivotal role in fighting crime." An industrious， persevering， and dedicated trainer， Lu is convinced that clues to a case will won't be uncovered without meticulous search.

In 2018， Lu and his team members cracked a murder case that sparked painful social repercussions. During the operation， three sniffer dogs searched 17 kilometers in relays for two days and nights straight and finally identified the suspect's escape route. In 2014， to investigate a case of murder， Lu and his police dogs searched a room less than 20-meters-squared hundreds of times， eventually detecting a speck of blood that provided direct evidence to validate the room as the primary crime scene. In September 2020， a criminal suspect escaped by bus after raping a minor. By sniffing out the scent at the crime scene， Lu and his police dogs pointed the direction to track down the suspect.

Over the years， Lu and his trained police dogs have worked closely together， playing a critical role in hunting down criminals， identifying physical evidence， guarding prisoners， and going on patrol.

Lu's workload surged as he was promoted as deputy chief of the squad. He spearheaded efforts to fulfill his duties. For instance， he carries out more than 300 anti-explosion and security inspections annually—not once has one of these operations ended in failure. Day or night， Lu always stays ready to spring into action with his police dogs and fulfills every one of his appointed tasks with distinction. Over a decade into his service， Lu and his police dogs have performed over 4，000 security inspections and guard tasks for large-scale activities， detected more than 80 pieces of evidence， and helped crack 45 cases.

The deep bond between Lu and dogs can be traced back to his childhood. His grandpa kept a dog of an unknown breed. After his grandpa passed away， the dog starved itself to death at the front door of his grandpa's house. Lu was astonished at the loyalty of the dog which sacrificed its own life to follow its owner. From then on， Lu has found himself deeply attached to this loyal animal and did not hesitate to choose to study police dog skills when admitted to the Criminal Investigation Police University of China.

It is easy to make a choice but hard to stick it out. Lu believes it takes three years to understand police dog training， five years to be an expert， and ten years to make a breakthrough. He has never contemplated a shift to another career， regardless. Lu has dedicated himself to police dog training and spared no efforts in studying advanced training methods. At the peak of his coaching， Lu alone trained six police dogs to detect explosives， track down criminals， and search for blood stains.

It is technically demanding and physically dangerous to train police dogs. To train a police dog， especially in jumping and biting， a trainer has to try to excite the dog， and it's common for trainers to get bitten. Lu was accidentally hurt by an aggressive dog during a training session when he served as an instructor of the first guard dog training class launched by the Public Security Department of Heilongjiang Province. Luckily， Lu reacted swiftly and held the dog's nose firmly with his hand just in time. The dog failed to bite his neck but did crush the thumb of his left hand. Over the last decade， Lu has suffered eight wounds from dogs during training. He often jokes that his scars are "medals" for an officer like him.

Dog training is dirty， exhausting， dangerous， challenging and lonely. Spending years with these "canine comrades" has cast a unique， stubborn "dog odor" all over him. Despite possible despise from some people， Lu tells his team： "If that odor ever vanishes， you are no longer a qualified police dog trainer." In his mind， the odor is a hallmark of the proud profession.

Lu's wife was expecting their baby when puppy Kaoben came into his life. However， Lu spent most of his days training Kaoben， leaving little time to stay with his pregnant wife. Their daughter's name， "Yunlai"， was a message of complaint from his wife about Lu's failure to fulfill his promises to come home. Despite this complaint， his family showed unreserved support for his work. The first few words their daughter learned to say were "dad"， "mom"， and "Bro Kaoben".

"Don't wait for me， you can eat dinner first. I have some urgent work to finish." This kind of replies to his wife happened almost every day. To attend the province's first guard dog training session， he packed his bags and left home only 10 days after their daughter was born. He was sad at the sight of his dismayed wife but was quite happy to know that his trainees cracked cases with the help of their police dogs.

In Lu's mind， police dogs are brave soldiers， silent yet staunch comrade-in-arms. He and his dogs must train themselves assiduously at any cost so that they can be well-equipped to combat crimes and safeguard peace and security. That way， they can serve the people loyally and professionally.

（Translated by Zhang Yanzhou）