應對氣候變化背景下的風景園林途徑

近日，中國氣象局國家氣候中心組織的盛夏（7-8月）全國氣候趨勢及主要氣象災害預測會商會在北京召開，預計盛夏極端天氣事件偏多，階段性強降水、暴雨洪澇、高溫熱浪等災害較重。氣候變化議題起源于20世紀中葉，現(xiàn)已成為國際政界、學術(shù)界、非政府組織和公眾關(guān)注的焦點。2021年聯(lián)合國氣候變化大會（COP26）以及IFLA氣候行動承諾都強調(diào)從減緩與適應兩個方面應對氣候變化危機?！吨袊鴳獙夂蜃兓恼吲c行動》白皮書指出，積極應對氣候變化，共謀人與自然和諧共生之道。從《巴黎協(xié)定》的達成與落實，到對于“雙碳”目標的莊嚴承諾，再到碳達峰、碳中和“1+N”政策體系的構(gòu)建，無不彰顯著中國政府應對氣候變化的堅強決心。

風景園林自古遵循并秉承天人合一的哲學思想，觀察自然規(guī)律、順應自然規(guī)律，在氣候變化的背景下，可發(fā)揮其優(yōu)勢以詮釋人與自然的共生之道。從減緩與適應角度出發(fā)，通過可持續(xù)規(guī)劃設(shè)計、水資源管理、碳減排與節(jié)能措施、生態(tài)系統(tǒng)保護和修復，以及科技創(chuàng)新與合作、公眾教育與參與等方式，一方面形成全生命周期規(guī)劃設(shè)計的主動干預，提供依托生態(tài)智慧、生態(tài)技術(shù)的不斷更新的應對策略與手段，有效減緩氣候變化的不利影響；另一方面不斷提高城市韌性，使得城市能夠更好地適應氣候變化帶來的諸多影響。

本期專題“風景園林與氣候變化”，從碳循環(huán)、城市韌性、植物適應性、土地變化、生態(tài)修復、智慧理水等多個方面開展研討，以探求風景園林與氣候變化共生之路徑。以中國城鄉(xiāng)融合“碳平衡、碳循環(huán)”為目標，分析國外城鄉(xiāng)融合典型案例，總結(jié)了適用于國內(nèi)實踐經(jīng)驗和新時代現(xiàn)代化發(fā)展要求的城鄉(xiāng)融合發(fā)展模式；探討基于韌性城市的復合基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的設(shè)計原則，展示了寧波生態(tài)走廊提高城市韌性的設(shè)計策略；聚焦北京植物園45種園林樹木物候的年代際變化，揭示不同樹種、各物候階段的物候響應特征和響應敏感性差異；模擬預測了4種發(fā)展情景下鄭州市2029年的土地利用變化，評價不同發(fā)展情景下城市森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康，總結(jié)最優(yōu)土地利用策略；以夏季重慶北碚縉云山山火后的跡地修復為例，提出了極端氣候下城市森林林火跡地的修復與管理策略；以廣西北流市的降雨變化為研究對象，運用ArcGIS空間分析法分別從宏觀、中觀、微觀三個層面探究了廣西北流市鴨埌村的生態(tài)治水智慧。

應對氣候變化背景下風景園林規(guī)劃設(shè)計應對途徑的研討，可促使風景園林人的進一步思考與實踐，以秉持著人與天調(diào)、人地共生為目標，積極探索適應氣候變化的韌性人居環(huán)境建設(shè)策略，是天人合一、萬物并育的中華智慧的具體體現(xiàn)，也是彰顯風景園林人積極應對氣候變化的責任擔當。

主編

2023年7月12日

Approaches to Landscape Architecture in the Context of Climate Change

Recently, the National Climate Center of China Meteorological Administration(NCCA) organized the National Conference on Climate Trends and Prediction of Major Meteorological Disasters at the height of summer (July-August), which was held in Beijing.It is expected that the extreme weather events at the height of summer will be on the high side, and the disasters of phased heavy precipitation, heavy rainfall and flooding, and high temperature and heat waves will be heavier.The topic of climate change, which originated in the mid-20th century, has become a focus of international political, academic, non-governmental organization and public attention.The 2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP26), as well as the IFLA Climate Action Commitment, both emphasize addressing the climate change crisis in terms of both mitigation and adaptation.The White Paper onChina’sPoliciesandActions inResponsetoClimateChangepoints out that it is important to actively respond to climate change and to seek a harmonious coexistence between human beings and nature.From the conclusion and implementation of theParisAgreement, to the solemn commitment to the “dual-carbon” target, to the construction of the “1+N” policy system of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, all of these have demonstrated the Chinese government’s strong determination to respond to climate change.

Since ancient times, landscape architecture has followed and adhered to the philosophical thinking of the unity of man and nature, observing and adapting to the laws of nature, and in the context of climate change, they can give play to their strengths in order to interpret the way of symbiosis between human beings and nature.From the perspective of mitigation and adaptation, through sustainable planning and design, water resource management, carbon emission reduction and energy saving measures, ecosystem protection and restoration, as well as scientific and technological innovation and cooperation, public education and participation, on the one hand, the formation of the whole life cycle of planning and designing the active intervention, to provide constantly updated coping strategies and means relying on the ecological wisdom, ecological technology, and effective mitigation of the adverse effects of climate change; On the other hand, we will continue to improve the resilience of cities so that they can better adapt to the many impacts of climate change.

The topic of this issue, “Landscape Architecture and Climate Change”, discusses carbon cycle, urban resilience, plant adaptability, land change, ecological restoration, smart water management and other aspects, in order to explore the approach of symbiosis between landscape architecture and climate change.Taking “carbon balance and carbon cycle” of China’s urban-rural integration as the goal, the typical cases of urban-rural integration in foreign countries were analyzed, and the urban-rural integration development mode was summarized for domestic practical experience and the requirements of the new era; the design principles of composite infrastructure based on resilient cities were explored for showing the design strategy of Ningbo Eco-Corridor of improving urban resilience; the inter-decadal changes in the phenology of 45 species of garden trees in Beijing Botanical Garden were analyzed to reveal the phenological response characteristics and response sensitivity differences among different tree species and phenological stages; the land use changes in Zhengzhou City in 2029 under four development scenarios were simulated and predicted, the health of urban forest ecosystems under different development scenarios was evaluated; The rainfall changes in Beiliu City, Guangxi was taken as the research object for exploring the ecological water management wisdom from macro, meso, and micro levels by using the ArcGIS spatial analysis method respectively.

The discussion of approaches to cope with landscape architecture planning and design in the context of climate change can lead to further thinking and practice of landscape architects.With the goal of adhering to the harmony between man and nature, and the coexistence of man and earth, we should actively explore the construction strategy of resilient human settlements to adapt to climate change.It is a concrete embodiment of the Chinese wisdom of Unity of Heaven and humanity,and the coexistence of all things, and it also highlights the responsibility of landscape architects to actively respond to climate change.

Editor-in-Chief

July 12th, 2023