守衛(wèi)巡邏隊
——守衛(wèi)瞭望平臺

Mj?lk 建筑事務所

1 概況

守衛(wèi)山（Strá?）上有4 座與眾不同的瞭望平臺，他們?nèi)缤笆匦l(wèi)”般，俯瞰著下方的伊澤拉河畔羅基特尼采鎮(zhèn)（Rokytnice nad Jizerou），代號分別為“礦工”“狐貍”“綿羊”和“熊”。這幾個要素來源于當?shù)匦℃?zhèn)的盾形徽章，為幾座平臺提供了景觀意向，更增強了彼此之間的聯(lián)系。他們是歷史的象征，恍惚間，當年敵軍入侵，山頂上狼煙四起，警示山腳下城鎮(zhèn)的場景還歷歷在目。

守衛(wèi)山聳立于羅基特尼采鎮(zhèn)之上，伊澤拉河（Jizerou）在山脈西部奔流著，東部連接著薩赫山（Sachr?v）和狼山（Vl?í），延伸至神秘的鍋爐峰（Kotel）。守衛(wèi)山也被當?shù)厝朔Q作巡警山（Strá?ník），是當年遭受入侵時，軍隊用烽火傳遞信號的地方之一。駐扎在科扎科夫（Kozákov）的巡邏隊們會陸續(xù)發(fā)現(xiàn)狼煙，進而向波希米亞（Bohemia）內(nèi)陸腹地傳遞警報。所幸，如今戰(zhàn)爭平息，山上的烽火也早已熄滅。山頂上的“礦工”“狐貍”“綿羊”和“熊”，象征著先前組成羅基特尼采鎮(zhèn)的4 個村莊，成了這里新的守衛(wèi)巡邏隊。

1.1 狐貍平臺

狐貍棲息在山頂?shù)牡谝粋€懸崖，他長長的身軀矗立在巖石上，尾巴伸進山谷里。他敏銳的眼睛能眺望至整個羅基特尼采鎮(zhèn)和周邊的山丘；能捕捉到麗薩山（Lysá）上最后一粒積雪融化；能覺察到山坡上第一朵迎春花在春日暖陽下綻放。夏日的烈陽將狐貍的“木殼”曬得發(fā)白，秋日的細雨又將它浸濕變黑。親愛的游客們，請爬上這只弗朗吉科夫村（Franti?kov）的狐貍的背，欣賞旅途的風光。

1 位置說明Site plan

2 首層平面圖Floor plan

狐貍平臺附近有一座小橋，旁邊還有一個休憩區(qū)，在這享用下午茶是再好不過的了。山里沿途還有許多可供休憩的地方，就算狐貍背上人滿為患，也請別沮喪，這邊還有很多位置。

3 立面圖Elevation

4 陡峭的山崖Steep cliff

5 茂密的樹林Dense forest

1.2 熊平臺

熊隱匿于樹林里，離狐貍不遠。他騎在藍莓叢中的石頭上，凝視著樹梢。他的體格十分敦實，仿佛剛剛飽餐一頓。“快到我背上來！”，熊正在邀請游客們登上瞭望臺。即便大霧籠罩山脈，熊平臺上依然有好風光。幸運的話，你能看到啄木鳥在林間工作，向下望，還能瞥見成群的小鹿在山林中漫步。這只熊來自羅基特尼采下城（Dolní Rokytnice），但它似乎很喜歡這片樹林。林間總是靜悄悄的，熊希望有人能聆聽他的聲音，所以請別害怕，快爬到他背上來。

1.3 綿羊平臺

綿羊來自羅基特尼采上城（Horní Rokytnice），一路踱步到守衛(wèi)山上。她堅守著通往“礦工”的道路，那里是守衛(wèi)山觀光之旅的最后一站。綿羊蜷縮在森林里的藍莓叢中，請親愛的游客們到她背上來欣賞風景。踏上臺階，拍拍她的背，她就會很開心了。

1.4 礦工平臺

走過一段人行橋就能到達礦工腳下，他位于懸崖之上，當?shù)氐牡巧綈酆谜邔⑦@里稱為K5?！暗V工”一詞來源于這里的采礦歷史，體現(xiàn)著當年開采礦石的場景。作為羅基特諾村（Rokytno）的象征，他是守衛(wèi)隊的最后一員，他高大的身軀守護著伊澤拉山谷。登上陡峭的階梯，壯麗的景色頃刻之間映入游客們眼簾。仔細聽，仿佛還能聽到河水從遠方波蘭邊境的深山中流出，匯入蒼涼的山谷之中。坐在礦工平臺的階梯上，眺望群山倒映在河床上，真是一片好風光。

2 建筑設(shè)計

守衛(wèi)瞭望平臺項目開始于2014 年，事務所在羅基特尼采鎮(zhèn)邊的山上設(shè)計了一系列的小站點。當?shù)卣鞠朐谏巾斀ㄔ煲蛔鶄鹘y(tǒng)造型的瞭望塔。然而從豎向的地質(zhì)形態(tài)來看，守衛(wèi)山?jīng)]有良好的視野環(huán)境，并不適合建造塔。為了滿足客戶的需求，事務所提出了在山頂巖石上設(shè)置站點的概念方案。設(shè)計受到小鎮(zhèn)盾形徽章的啟發(fā)，采用木質(zhì)包裹的輕鋼結(jié)構(gòu)建造站點。如今，4 個瞭望平臺——狐貍、熊、綿羊和礦工共同守護著城鎮(zhèn)，成了這里新的守衛(wèi)巡邏隊。

3 材料結(jié)構(gòu)

6 狐貍平臺挑出巖壁The Fox juts out the rock wall

7 山腳下的羅基特尼采鎮(zhèn)Rokytnice town at the foot of the hill

8 熊平臺凝視著樹梢The Bear peer into the treetops

設(shè)計中使用輕質(zhì)鋼結(jié)構(gòu)作為瞭望平臺的骨架，人力就能將其運輸?shù)綆r石的突起處。方案考慮在巖石中鉆出深達8 m 的固定孔，用特殊的鋼錨將平臺的鋼結(jié)構(gòu)固定在孔中。同時將橡木層包裹在外漏的鋼結(jié)構(gòu)上，扶手部分由黑色的不銹鋼網(wǎng)制成。

（編輯 / 王一蘭）

項目區(qū)位：捷克共和國伊澤拉河畔羅基特尼采鎮(zhèn)

始建時間：2017 年

竣工時間：2021 年

設(shè)計單位：Mj?lk 建筑事務所

平臺尺度：狐貍17 m2；熊14 m2；綿羊9 m2；礦工10 m2

委托客戶：伊澤拉河畔羅基特尼采鎮(zhèn)政府

攝影：BoysPlayNice

翻譯：丁瑤

校對：吳丹子

9 熊平臺騎在石頭上The Bear stand on a piece of rock

1 Basic Description

Four individual lookouts on the top of the mountain Strá? above Rokytnice nad Jizerou inspired by the characters from the town’s coat of arms.The Miner, the Fox, the Sheep, and the Bear provide a view not only of the surrounding landscape, but also from one to another.They are a reference to the past, when smoke signals were sent from the local hills to the hinterland warning of the invasion of enemy troops.

The ridge of the Strá? mountain towers above Rokytnice.Its western end descends to the rushing waters of the Jizera river and continues eastwards along the Sachr?v and Vl?í ridges to the mystical mountain Kotel.The Strá? mountain, or Strá?ník as the locals call it, was one of the places where signals were sent by fire when enemy armies invaded our lands.The smoke signal was then received by other patrols at Kozákov and sent deeper into Bohemia.Today, fortunately, the fires on the surrounding hills are no longer burning.Rokytnice nad Jizerou has new guards.The town is watched over by four patrons.Perched on top of the Strá?ník, they symbolize the four villages that combined to form the town of Rokytnice in ancient times —the Fox, the Bear, the Sheep and the Miner —The Guard Patrol.

10 綿羊平臺蜷縮在森林中The Sheep huddle in the forest

1.1 The Fox

The fox is perched on the first cliff.His long body stands on the stone, his tail sticks out into the valley.He can see all of Rokytnice and the surrounding hills.With a keen eye he watches the last snow melting on Lysá mountain, he knows about the first primroses on the slopes, where the rays of the spring sun are shining.The summer sun bleaches his back, the autumn rains darken the fox’s wooden coat.Climb on, my dears, now the Fox of Franti?kov will give you a ride on his back!

The fox can be seen from a small footbridge nearby, along with a seating area that is perfect for an afternoon snack.There are more stops like this along the way, so if it gets crowded at the Fox, don’t be sad, there will definitely be room for you elsewhere.

1.2 The Bear

The bear is hiding in the woods just a short distance from the Fox.He’s standing on a piece of rock among the blueberry bushes, peering into the treetops.He looks well fed, there’s a good chunk of him.“Get on my back!”Bear calls out, inviting you to a lookout that works even when the fog rolls over the mountains.If you’re lucky, you’ll see a woodpecker in action, and if you land, you might even see a herd of fawns roaming the woods atop the Watch.The bear is from Dolní Rokytnice, but he seems to like it up here.It’s quiet and he likes people, so don’t be afraid to listen to him.Get on his back.

1.3 The Sheep

The sheep has wandered onto the Strá? from the meadows of Horní Rokytnice.She guards the path to the Miner, which is the last stop on the route between the watchtowers on the Watch.Huddled in the forest among the blueberry bushes,she offers her back to the most precious ones.Climb the ladder and pat her back, she'll be glad.

1.4 The Miner

Cross the footbridge to reach the Miner.He stands on a high cliff, which the local climbers call K5.His character is a reference to the mining past of Rokytnice.As a symbol of Rokytno, he is the last of the patrol.The stately figure gazes down into the Jizera valley.A steep staircase leads you to a lookout with a magnificent view.If you listen closely, you may even hear the sparkling waters of the river as it makes its way through the wild valley from the mountains on the Polish borders.Sit on the steps and watch the horizon of the hills above the river, it’s beautiful.

2 Architecture

11 綿羊平臺的木平臺Wooden platform of the Sheep

12 礦工平臺陡峭的臺階Steep staircase of the Miner

13 礦工平臺高大的身軀守護著伊澤拉山谷The Miner stately figure gazes down into the Jizera valley

The Guard Patrol project began in 2014,when we designed a series of small stops on the mountain above Rokytnice.It was conceived from the original intention of the municipality to build a classic lookout tower on the top.However, the morphology of the mountain proved unsuitable for the construction of an observation tower, as it did not provide sufficient views at standard heights.Therefore, we opted for the concept of several stops on the rocks that line the top of the mountain.We were inspired by the figures in the town's coat of arms to create light steel structures sheathed in wood.And so today the town is watched over by its four patrons —the Fox, the Bear, the Sheep and the Miner —our Guard Patrol.

3 Materials

The lookouts feature steel structures consisting of smaller parts that could be transported to the site of the rock protrusions by human force.The steel structures are secured into the rocks with special steel anchors in drill holes up to 8 meters deep.The steel structures are sheathed with oak cladding.The handrail frames are made of black painted steel with stainless steel mesh.

(Editor / WANG Yilan)

Location:Rokytnice nad Jizerou, Czech Republic

Project year:2017

Completion year:2021

Studio:Mj?lk architekti

Built-up Area:The Fox-17 m2; The Bear-14 m2; The Sheep-9 m2; The Miner-10 m2

Client:The Municipality of Rokytnice nad Jizerou

Photographer:BoysPlayNice

Translator:DING Yao

Proofreader:Wu Danzi