城市綠地管理的數(shù)字化轉(zhuǎn)型

20世紀(jì)末期，“數(shù)字地球”概念的提出標(biāo)志著數(shù)字技術(shù)賦能人類社會(huì)發(fā)展的思想在國(guó)內(nèi)落地。2023年4月，國(guó)家網(wǎng)信辦發(fā)布的《數(shù)字中國(guó)發(fā)展報(bào)告（2022年）》顯示，數(shù)字技術(shù)在生產(chǎn)、生活、生態(tài)治理等多領(lǐng)域踐行綠色低碳發(fā)展理念，已持續(xù)賦能生態(tài)文明建設(shè)。數(shù)字技術(shù)所帶來(lái)的極大便利、數(shù)據(jù)挖掘所帶來(lái)的無(wú)限價(jià)值，日益成為各行各業(yè)創(chuàng)新發(fā)展的內(nèi)生動(dòng)力。

數(shù)據(jù)采集技術(shù)的迅猛發(fā)展使得動(dòng)態(tài)共享數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的建立成為可能。在風(fēng)景園林領(lǐng)域，以公眾需求為導(dǎo)向、技術(shù)革新為支撐的數(shù)字孿生模型層出不窮，并廣泛應(yīng)用于參數(shù)化設(shè)計(jì)、數(shù)字化建造以及工程項(xiàng)目設(shè)計(jì)、施工、運(yùn)營(yíng)全過(guò)程。然而，數(shù)字技術(shù)蓬勃發(fā)展，海量數(shù)據(jù)帶來(lái)便捷高效的同時(shí)，城市綠地?cái)?shù)字化管理中的難題也逐漸顯現(xiàn)，主要體現(xiàn)在以下方面：一是需直面海量數(shù)據(jù)的清洗與篩選難題，避免影響數(shù)據(jù)挖掘建模的執(zhí)行效率；二是建立在指標(biāo)體系之上的模型構(gòu)建往往存在人為因素，如何使得模型建構(gòu)更為客觀是關(guān)鍵也是難點(diǎn)；三是公眾對(duì)作為公共產(chǎn)品的城市綠地的需求是不斷變化的，海量數(shù)據(jù)表征過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在，也需要預(yù)測(cè)展示未來(lái)，才能更好地服務(wù)于管理決策。

本期專題“城市綠地大數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)用與數(shù)字化管理”，基于實(shí)證直面風(fēng)景園林領(lǐng)域數(shù)字化管理過(guò)程中的數(shù)據(jù)清洗、指標(biāo)構(gòu)建、技術(shù)革新等熱點(diǎn)議題，具有重要的實(shí)踐探索價(jià)值。構(gòu)建了包含多源感知、綜合管理、信息互聯(lián)、分析決策4個(gè)維度的數(shù)字化管治評(píng)估體系，以厘清公園數(shù)字化場(chǎng)景的系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)、建設(shè)重點(diǎn)和未來(lái)發(fā)展趨勢(shì)；將POI數(shù)據(jù)和遙感數(shù)據(jù)創(chuàng)新應(yīng)用于城市開放共享附屬綠地的篩選，構(gòu)建了開放共享適宜性的評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系，助力人口高密城市綠色公共空間的挖掘；剖析公園生境和人類活動(dòng)之間的協(xié)同關(guān)系，歸納了以“人鳥和諧共生”為導(dǎo)向的親自然游憩環(huán)境優(yōu)化策略；基于公園游憩活動(dòng)的時(shí)間規(guī)律融合分析，提煉了“日夜活躍度”定量分析指標(biāo)，以提高城市公園綠地的夜間管理水平；針對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)、模型和實(shí)體之間無(wú)法高效精準(zhǔn)匹配的信息化模型技術(shù)系統(tǒng)性問(wèn)題，構(gòu)建了一整套公園綠地?cái)?shù)字孿生建設(shè)技術(shù)體系。

城市綠地為人與自然和諧共生、物質(zhì)與精神有機(jī)交融提供場(chǎng)域。數(shù)字化時(shí)代的城市綠地依托大數(shù)據(jù)與數(shù)字孿生發(fā)展，將更加注重城市生物多樣性的保護(hù)、市民個(gè)性化游憩需求的滿足、社會(huì)綜合服務(wù)效益的提升，尤其是其管理工作的智能化到智慧化轉(zhuǎn)型。未來(lái)的城市綠地建設(shè)將面對(duì)更多變的環(huán)境元素、更多源的服務(wù)對(duì)象和更前瞻性的決策需求，城市綠地管理的數(shù)字化轉(zhuǎn)型，仍需要風(fēng)景園林與數(shù)字化技術(shù)的持續(xù)交叉融合，由此，為智慧城市建設(shè)貢獻(xiàn)力量。

主編

2023年6月12日

Digital Transformation of Urban Green Space Management

At the end of the 20th century, the concept of “Digital Earth” was introduced,marking the arrival of the idea of digital technology enabling the development of human society in China.In April 2023, theDigitalChinaDevelopmentReport(2022)released by Cyberspace Administration of China showed that digital technology has continued to empower the construction of ecological civilization by practicing the concept of green and low-carbon development in multiple fields, including production, life and ecological governance.The great convenience brought by digital technology and the infinite value brought by data mining have increasingly become the endogenous driving force of innovation and development in all walks of life.

The rapid development of data acquisition technology has made it possible to create dynamic shared databases.In the field of landscape architecture, digital twin models oriented to public demand and supported by technological innovation have emerged in an endless stream, and are widely used in parametric design, digital construction and the whole process of engineering project design, construction and operation.However, digital technology is booming and massive data brings convenience and efficiency, while the difficulties in digital management of urban green space are also emerging, mainly in the following aspects: First, the need to face the cleaning and screening of massive data to avoid affecting the efficiency of data mining and modeling implementation; Second, the construction of models built on the index system often has human factors, how to make the model construction more objective is the key and difficult; Third, the public’s demand for urban green space as a public product is constantly changing.Massive data characterizes the past and present, and also needs to predict and showcase the future, so as to better serve the management decisions.

The topic of this issue, “Big Data Application and Digital Management of Urban Green Space”, is based on empirical evidence to face the hot topics of data cleaning,index construction and technical innovation in the process of digital management, and has important practical exploration value in the field of landscape architecture.A digital governance evaluation system containing four dimensions: multi-source perception, integrated management, information interconnection and analysis and decision making was constructed to clarify the system structure, construction priorities, and future development trends of the park digital scene; POI data and remote sensing data were applied to the screening of urban open and shared affiliated green spaces,and an evaluation index system of open and shared suitability was constructed to help the excavation of green public spaces in highly populated cities; The synergistic relationship between park habitats and human activities was analyzed to summarize the strategies for optimizing the pro-nature recreation environment oriented to “harmonious coexistence of humans and birds”; The temporal patterns of park recreation activities were integrated and analyzed to refine the quantitative analysis index of “day and night activity” and to improve the nighttime management of urban park green space; A complete set of digital twin construction technology system for park green space was constructed to address the systematic issue of information model technology that cannot efficiently and accurately match data, models, and entities.

Urban green space provides a field for the harmonious coexistence of human and nature, and the organic integration of material and spirit.The urban green space in the digital era relies on big data and digital twin development, and will pay more attention to the protection of urban biodiversity, the satisfaction of citizens’ personalized recreation needs, and the enhancement of comprehensive social service benefits, especially the intelligent transformation of its management.In the future, the urban green space construction will face more variable environmental elements, more source of service objects and more forward-looking decision-making needs.The digital transformation of urban green space management still requires the continuous cross-fertilization of landscape architecture and digital technology to contribute to the construction of smart cities.

Editor-in-Chief

June 12th, 2023