在高中英語寫作教學(xué)中應(yīng)用“POWER模式”的方法

徐丹

不少學(xué)生對寫作存在畏懼心理，感到無話可說。針對這種情況，教師需要改革寫作教學(xué)模式，激發(fā)學(xué)生的寫作興趣。"POWER 寫作教學(xué)模式"包括Plan- ning、Organizing、Writing、Evaluating、Revising 五個環(huán)節(jié)，也就是寫前計劃、組織大綱、寫作、評估、修正這幾個階段。它可以幫助學(xué)生明確寫作思路，完善寫作細(xì)節(jié)，提升作文質(zhì)量。為此，文章將結(jié)合教學(xué)經(jīng)驗，談一談如何基于"POWER 模式"組織高中英語寫作教學(xué)，希望有利于提升學(xué)生的寫作水平。

一、Planning——指導(dǎo)學(xué)生制定寫作計劃

在應(yīng)用POWER 寫作模式時，教師要指導(dǎo)學(xué)生制定寫作計劃。首先要帶學(xué)生分析寫作主題，制定寫作計劃，提醒他們不要將寫作思路局限于題目中的個別詞語上，要著眼于整個題目要求。接著確定寫作要求分為哪幾個不同的部分，明確自己的寫作角度。最后制定寫作計劃，建構(gòu)整體思路，以確保自己的文章達(dá)到題目要求。

比如針對譯林版高中英語必修一Unit 4 Lookinggood，feeling good這一單元，教師可以設(shè)計一個寫作題目，如下：

Recently，? more? and? more? high? school? students have? begun? to? pay? attention? to? weight? loss，? and? even take? many? inappropriate? ways? to? lose? weight，? such? as diet，excessive? exercise，etc. What? do? you? think? of? this？Please? write? an? argumentative? paper? on? this? topic.

Requirements：1. The? theme? is? clear，? with? the? key- words???? "weight????? loss"，"beauty"，"dieting"and"exces- sive".2.Clear? organization，? fluent? language，? and? accu- rate? expressions? of? their? own? views.3. The? number? ofwords? shall? not? exceed 150.

對此，學(xué)生首先要讀懂題目，凝練寫作主題。然后看清寫作要求，制定寫作計劃，知道大致從哪些方面去寫。構(gòu)思完成后，教師可以讓學(xué)生說一說自己的寫作計劃，給他們必要的指導(dǎo)。比如以下是某位學(xué)生的寫作計劃："I will think of a better composition topicfirst. It? is? better? to? summarize? the? topic. Then? the? phe-nomenon? mentioned? in? the? title? of? the? first? paragraph? isintroduced. The? main? part? mainly? describes? the? disad-vantages? of? improper? weight? loss? methods，? and? finallystates? the? view —don't? lose? weight? too? much? for? thesake? of? beauty！"

二、Organizing——幫助學(xué)生構(gòu)建文章框架

應(yīng)用POWER 寫作模式，教師需要引導(dǎo)學(xué)生搭建文章的框架結(jié)構(gòu)，幫他們理清寫作思路。教師可以鼓勵學(xué)生采用圖表、框架圖等方式來搭建文章的框架結(jié)構(gòu)，把自己的寫作思路呈現(xiàn)出來，體現(xiàn)出寫作的層次性與遞進(jìn)性，也讓他們正式寫作時能夠做到思路清晰流暢。

在這一環(huán)節(jié)的教學(xué)過程中，教師可以讓學(xué)生把自己對作文的構(gòu)思以思維導(dǎo)圖的方式表現(xiàn)出來。圖表中包括文章的題目、首尾主要內(nèi)容、論點論據(jù)以及各個部分的大概詞數(shù)。繪制圖表前，教師可以先組織學(xué)生圍繞文章的行文脈絡(luò)組織進(jìn)行討論，說一說各自的想法，然后再自主繪制圖表，最后交換成果，給彼此提出意見。比如以下兩個圖（圖1和圖2）是某兩位學(xué)生繪制的文章內(nèi)容圖：

三、Writing——引導(dǎo)學(xué)生寫作

在學(xué)生完成提綱的撰寫后，教師要引導(dǎo)學(xué)生根據(jù)自己的寫作計劃.框架結(jié)構(gòu).圖表中的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行寫作。

比如有的學(xué)生根據(jù)自己的寫作提綱寫道：

With the development of modern living standards，more and more people begin to gain weight， so weight loss has become a hot topic in people's daily lives. In my opinion， books， magazines， newspapers and other media are talking about losing weight. Jogging and diet-ing are very helpful ways to lose weight.

Jogging is the simplest and cheapest way to build up your body. You can exercise your weight anytime and anywhere. At the same time， you won't spend a lotof money to lose weight.

Dieting has become a common way. Many people have almost no food and lack of nutrition will lead to weakness. If you want to lose weight， you should doproper exercise according to your own situation.

四、Evaluating——開展多樣化的評價

寫作完成后，就是評價環(huán)節(jié)。教師可以采用多種方式對學(xué)生的文章進(jìn)行評價，如學(xué)生自評、生生互評和教師評價。

比如以下是某位學(xué)生的同伴對其作文的評價："Your composition language is very fluent，and the lay- out is also very reasonable， but it lacks the embellish- ment of famous words and sentences. You can polish it? slightly from the language， and the effect will be bet- ter！"教師給出的評價是："In high school， you can use long and difficult sentences to add color to the article！ Of course，if you are not good at using such sentences，? you can consult the relevant model articles and gradual- ly find the sense of language. Usually，accumulate some? famous sayings and sentences appropriately，which will? be useful in critical times！"最后再讓學(xué)生針對同伴評價和教師評價對自己的作文給予評價，如："From this writing，I understand that writing should not only pay at- tention to the layout of the article， but also pay attentionto the modification of the language. If too many shortsentences are used， the article will appear monotonous.I will correct this in the future."

五、Revising——引導(dǎo)學(xué)生修改潤色

最后環(huán)節(jié)是對文章進(jìn)行修改。這一步學(xué)生需要根據(jù)上一環(huán)節(jié)中同伴和老師的評語和批注，修改錯誤的地方，同時優(yōu)化作文內(nèi)容。在這一環(huán)節(jié)，學(xué)生遇到有問題的地方，教師要及時提供指導(dǎo)。

如以下是學(xué)生A 的作文片段：

Don't try extreme weight loss methods for beauty. Even if you lose weight， it is unhealthy. I hope everyoneof us can avoid this.

雖然沒有語法上的錯誤，但是在上一環(huán)節(jié)的評價中，另一位學(xué)生指出這個片段語言過于平淡，也缺乏說服力。經(jīng)過思考，學(xué)生A 給出了修改后的片段：

There is no doubt that adopting extreme weight loss methods for beauty is harmful to health. Beauty is important， but a healthy body is also the only one. If you affirm yourself from the bottom of your heart， youwill understand that you are beautiful.

通過對比不難看出，只是語句稍微潤色，整個文章質(zhì)量就大大提升。

總而言之，"POWER"教學(xué)模式為寫作教學(xué)提供了一種新的思路。作為一名高中英語教師，應(yīng)該立足于學(xué)情，指導(dǎo)學(xué)生制定寫作計劃、構(gòu)建文章框架、引導(dǎo)寫作過程、多樣評估寫作成果、鼓勵學(xué)生及時修改潤色，讓學(xué)生會寫敢寫，才能真正提升學(xué)生的寫作能力。

（作者單位：江蘇省南通市海門實驗學(xué)校）