蔡王丹 范碩 田偉 李艷清 祝成炎 張紅霞
摘要: 紡織品異味會刺激人的嗅覺器官,甚至危害人的生命健康。因此,如何檢測和分析紡織品異味及去除異味則成為紡織品領(lǐng)域的重要研究課題之一。為了進一步深化研發(fā)紡織品異味檢測及去除技術(shù),本文對現(xiàn)階段國內(nèi)外紡織品異味檢測及去除技術(shù)進行深入解讀,并著重論述紡織品異味的來源,兩種檢測異味的主要方法,即感官分析和儀器檢測,以及三種去除異味方法,即物理、化學、感官,為后續(xù)制定紡織品異味的檢測及去除提供堅實的理論與關(guān)鍵技術(shù)支撐。
關(guān)鍵詞: 紡織品;紡織品異味來源;異味檢測;感官分析;頂空氣相色譜法;電子鼻技術(shù);除異味技術(shù)
中圖分類號: TS101.8
文獻標志碼: A
文章編號: 1001-7003(2023)03-0082-08
引用頁碼:
031111
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7003.2023.03.011(篇序)
紡織品因其獨特的結(jié)構(gòu)特性,是一類常見的異味載體,極易從周圍的環(huán)境中吸收異味[1]。然而,帶有異味的紡織品不僅會破壞人們的心情,甚至會對人類生命健康造成一定程度的影響[2-3]。國際標準紡織協(xié)會標準OEKO-TEX Standard 100-016和中國標準GB/T 18401—2010《國家紡織產(chǎn)品基本安全技術(shù)規(guī)范》中也明確規(guī)定,產(chǎn)品中不得含有高沸程石油味、霉味、魚腥味、芳香烴氣味或香味等特殊氣味。此外,紡織品在穿著或使用過程中吸附的氣味,如腋臭、腳臭等,也同樣嚴重影響著人們的穿著體驗[4-5]。因此,研究和分析紡織品如何去除異味尤為重要。
除異味是指在一定的時間或空間內(nèi),消除、減少或削弱空氣中異味氣體的過程[6]。隨著現(xiàn)代生活水平的提高,以及人們綠色環(huán)保意識的不斷增強,消費者對于紡織品除異味的關(guān)注度越來越高。因此,本文將紡織品異味作為研究基點,系統(tǒng)闡述紡織品異味來源、異味檢測及除異味技術(shù),并對紡織品異味檢測方法及除異味方法的未來發(fā)展趨勢進行展望。
1 紡織品異味來源
紡織品的異味通常來自人體內(nèi)部及外部環(huán)境[4]。體內(nèi)異味通常來源于皮膚表面產(chǎn)生的生理分泌物(汗液、皮脂)、上皮細胞及皮膚上的微生物群,它們之間相互作用,進而導致?lián)]發(fā)性有機化合物的生成,產(chǎn)生異味。隨后在穿著服裝時,分泌物、皮膚碎片和細菌會從身體轉(zhuǎn)移到衣服上,隨著時間的推移也會有異味的產(chǎn)生[5]。通常,這些揮發(fā)性有機化合物會在人體的各個部位,如腋窩、足部、頭部、口腔和背部等處因細菌的分解,以及小汗腺、頂泌汗腺和皮脂腺的分泌物氧化產(chǎn)生[7]異味。如腋臭是因頂泌汗腺產(chǎn)生分泌液,腋窩部位的細菌分解這些分泌液,產(chǎn)生C6~C10的不飽和支鏈脂肪酸,造成異味[8]。再比如,足部異味是由于人體的腳部分布有眾多小汗腺,出汗后會給細菌提供一個適合生長繁殖的環(huán)境,一些表皮葡萄球菌在降解汗液中的亮氨酸時會產(chǎn)生異戊酸,造成腳部異味[9]。
人體外部異味來源主要來自以下三個方面:一是運輸環(huán)節(jié)。紡織品在交通運輸過程中,由于環(huán)境較為陰暗,給真菌、細菌創(chuàng)造了極為適合的生長環(huán)境,這些微生物大量繁殖代謝,產(chǎn)生霉味。二是加工時的各種整理劑及助劑的異味殘留[10],如高沸程石油味、魚腥味、芳香烴氣味或香味等特殊氣味。高沸程石油味的產(chǎn)生主要是由于在加工紡織品時,會使用油劑作為紡織助劑。例如,在紡制化纖類長絲時常加入一些油劑,能夠減少靜電對織造過程的影響。除此之外,在紡織織造設(shè)備上,也常用到油劑,起潤滑作用。高沸程石油是一種有毒物質(zhì),不慎吸入會對人體健康造成影響[10-11]。織物帶有魚腥味,究其原因是織物在進行后整理時,沒有選擇合適的焙烘溫度及洗滌不充分。這些因素均會導致低級胺類的殘留[12]。含苯環(huán)的烴類化合物總稱為芳香烴,在紡織品的織造、染整等過程中使用的紡織品助劑常含有這類物質(zhì),也被歸屬于紡織品異味的一種[13]。三是周圍環(huán)境異味。紡織品因其多孔性,極易從周圍環(huán)境中吸附氣味,如香煙、油煙、農(nóng)藥、動物氣味等[4]。
2 紡織品異味的檢測方法
2.1 紡織品異味的收集
在檢驗紡織品異味時,人體內(nèi)部的氣味無法直接進行測試。因此,通常需要將人體內(nèi)部的氣味轉(zhuǎn)移到紡織品后進行測試。其中,人體穿著實驗被認為是最有效且最具有代表性的檢測方法之一。McQueen等[5]和Rathinamoorthy等[14]均使用了人體穿著實驗來收集人體內(nèi)的氣味,便于后續(xù)對內(nèi)衣紡織品異味的檢測。其中,McQueen等得出結(jié)論,即棉織物、羊毛織物及滌綸織物的腋臭強度與纖維吸濕性成反比。Rathinamoorthy等表明,經(jīng)訶子提取物處理過的織物異味程度會相對降低。然而,人體穿著實驗對環(huán)境要求十分嚴格,需要在特定的人工氣候室中進行。在實驗過程中,受試者需要按照要求進行模擬,以保證實驗結(jié)果的真實和準確性。
對于人體外的異味,不管是被微生物污染的,還是殘留的各類整理劑及助劑或者是在環(huán)境中吸附的異味,均可以對紡織品直接進行測試,無需特意收集。
2.2 感官分析
感官分析即根據(jù)測試員的感官(味覺、嗅覺、視覺、觸覺、聽覺)來檢查產(chǎn)品的性質(zhì),如質(zhì)地、風味、口感、外觀、氣味等的檢測方法[15]。其中,紡織品異味檢測則是采用感覺分析中的嗅覺法,也是國內(nèi)外紡織品異味檢測常用方法。目前,感官分析廣泛應(yīng)用于食品[16-18]、化妝品[19]、紡織品[20]等多個領(lǐng)域。韓耀軍等[21]指出,由于煙味的成分復雜、具有時段性、與環(huán)境關(guān)系密切等原因,一般無法通過儀器檢驗得出,所以通過感官分析對煙味進行檢測十分重要。
對于嗅覺法而言,檢測員的嗅覺靈敏度和辨別能力是從事此項檢測的重要前提。但不同的人在嗅聞同一種氣味物質(zhì)時,其敏感度會有較大的區(qū)別,而同一個人在不同情況下他的嗅覺靈敏程度也有很大的不同。因此,檢測員的專業(yè)素質(zhì)成為影響檢測結(jié)果準確性的主要因素[22]。感官分析的優(yōu)點在于,可以檢測出因異味化合物含量很少致使儀器難以檢測到的異味。如煙味成分復雜,通過儀器檢驗僅能檢測出一種或幾種成分,并不能體現(xiàn)出異味的程度。然而,通過感官分析對紡織品異味進行檢測時,通常存在主觀差異性,重復性較差,同時部分異味物質(zhì)具有一定毒性,吸入時間過長可能會導致檢測員健康受損。
2.3 儀器分析
目前,頂空氣相色譜法和電子鼻技術(shù)是針對紡織品異味的兩種常見儀器檢測方法[23]。
2.3.1 頂空氣相色譜法
頂空氣相色譜法是一種被化學分析工作者所廣泛認同的分析揮發(fā)性及半揮發(fā)性有機物的方法。紡織品異味無論是來自人體內(nèi)部還是外部環(huán)境,大部分都是有機物質(zhì)所揮發(fā)出的令人感到不適的氣味。因此,通過檢測分析有機物的組成、濃度和分布等特點,即可對紡織品異味進行更為詳細的檢測。
頂空進樣技術(shù)(HS)是氣相色譜法中一種方便快捷的樣品前處理方法。這種方法無需使用有機溶劑進行萃取,避免溶劑峰和其他組分對分析造成的干擾、減少對進樣口和色譜柱及檢測器的污染、提高了分析數(shù)據(jù)的可靠性[24]。相對于溶劑提取方法,HS對樣品中微量的有機揮發(fā)性物質(zhì)具有更高的靈敏度和更快的分析速度。
頂空分析法共有3種類型,分別為靜態(tài)頂空法(S-HS)、動態(tài)頂空法(D-HS)和頂空固相微萃取法(HS-SPME)。靜態(tài)頂空是使系統(tǒng)在一定的溫度下加熱,揮發(fā)性化合物在樣品相和氣相間分配直至平衡,再進入氣相色譜進行分析[25],主要適用于高含量組分的測定,對低含量組分分析時必須進行大體積的氣體進樣。動態(tài)頂空法使用惰性氣體,對樣品中的揮發(fā)性物質(zhì)進行吹掃,通過捕集器將吹掃出來的組分進行吸附,然后經(jīng)熱解吸將樣品送入氣相色譜儀進行分析。儀器操作復雜但靈敏度較高,可分析較難揮發(fā)及濃度較低的組分,但在氣體吸附和解吸附時可能會造成樣品的損失[26-27]。固相微萃取技術(shù)的作用就是在抽提氣體樣本的時候采用涂有固定相的纖維來進行吸附、富集,然后再解吸進樣的一個原理。頂空固相微萃取技術(shù)的萃取頭十分重要,萃取頭的涂層會吸附頂空中的有機揮發(fā)性物質(zhì),然后解吸將樣品送入氣相色譜儀來進行分析,常結(jié)合質(zhì)譜(MS)進行檢測[23,28]。該方法樣本準備簡單方便,能有效地避免一些高沸點基質(zhì)對于質(zhì)譜的污染及液體進樣前處理的誤差。但檢測范圍較窄,檢測周期較長,定量檢測的精確度不高。
氣相色譜技術(shù)(GC)是基于物質(zhì)的極性、吸附性和沸點的不同,使物質(zhì)在流動相和固定相間分配技術(shù)存在差異,從而達到分離混合組分的目的,分離之后的組分會依次進入檢測器,形成不同的色譜峰[29]。氣質(zhì)聯(lián)用技術(shù)(GC-MS)即樣品在經(jīng)過氣相色譜時分離成為更具體的成分,進入接口,接口會把氣相色譜流出的各組分送入質(zhì)譜儀進行檢測,進行離子化,最后進行分析整合,就會呈現(xiàn)出一個具體的、由單一成分的質(zhì)譜圖[30]。氣質(zhì)聯(lián)用技術(shù)是一種靈敏度高、快速、準確的定性定量分析技術(shù),已成為目前分析復雜混合物最為有效的手段之一[24]。
頂空氣相色譜-質(zhì)譜聯(lián)用技術(shù)(HS-GC-MS)目前被廣泛應(yīng)用于食品、植物學、醫(yī)藥、紡織工程等領(lǐng)域的氣味檢測。Wang等[31]采用靜態(tài)頂空氣相色譜-質(zhì)譜法測定了毛絨玩具中58種香味過敏原。周秀錦等[32]將D-HS與GC-MS相結(jié)合,建立了一種適用于部分海域海產(chǎn)品中苯系物的分析檢測方法。Feng等[33]在兩個生長季節(jié),采用頂空固相微萃取-氣相色譜-質(zhì)譜等多種技術(shù),研究了果區(qū)葉片去除對黑比諾葡萄酒揮發(fā)性成分和花青素組成的影響。Goltz等[34]采用頂空固相微萃取氣相色譜-質(zhì)譜聯(lián)用技術(shù)對羊毛、棉花、聚酯、烯烴、絲綢、丙烯酸等原料中的揮發(fā)性化合物進行了鑒定。
2.3.2 電子鼻技術(shù)
電子鼻是一種模擬動物嗅覺器官開發(fā)出的一種產(chǎn)品,工作流程為待測氣體傳感器陣列信號處理與模式識別評估判斷。電子鼻系統(tǒng)以氣敏傳感器陣列為核心,可以將待測樣品中的組分信息轉(zhuǎn)化為可測物理量組,構(gòu)建目標物質(zhì)的指紋圖譜,借助于模式識別系統(tǒng)與預(yù)置樣本信息庫中的信息進行比對辨識,從而能夠綜合的檢測、鑒別與分析氣體樣品[35-36]。其測定不受主觀因素影響,提高了判定的客觀性,同時由于分析速度快、高靈敏性、幾乎不使用有機溶劑、易于使用等優(yōu)勢,目前已經(jīng)廣泛應(yīng)用于食品新鮮度檢測、疾病篩查與診斷、環(huán)境污染物檢測、可燃性氣體檢測等領(lǐng)域[37-39]。
Fens等[40]綜述了電子鼻呼吸系統(tǒng)對人體呼出氣體的分析在慢性呼吸道疾病診斷和監(jiān)測中的臨床驗證及應(yīng)用現(xiàn)狀。并提出電子鼻技術(shù)在臨床應(yīng)用的下一步應(yīng)該是對疑似疾病的進一步驗證,評估不同共病的影響,以及預(yù)測治療反應(yīng)的可能性。Chen[41]等提出了一種E-nose/camera雙系統(tǒng),利用嗅覺和視覺信息來對水果成熟度進行分類。該非破壞性系統(tǒng)旨在監(jiān)測果實成熟,并提供更好的準確性,以確定果實成熟階段。Kinkeldei等[42]等研發(fā)出一款將電子鼻系統(tǒng)集成于紡織品上的智能紡織品,用這種智能紡織品來檢測不同的溶劑蒸汽,并對他們進行分類。這一實驗表明,將傳感器技術(shù)進一步集成到紡織品中,并在紡織品集成過程后保留原有的傳感器功能是可行的。Deshmukh等[43]研究開發(fā)了一種基于金屬氧化物傳感器的電子鼻,用于快速測量紙漿和造紙廠等不同來源排放的主要還原性硫化合物的氣味濃度和相關(guān)氣味強度,并表明電子鼻具有作為在線或離線測量氣味濃度和氣味強度的設(shè)備的潛力。
儀器分析可以針對造成紡織品異味的化合物進行識別和定量的分析,檢測精度高,應(yīng)用廣泛,但實驗儀器價格昂貴。與之相比,雖然感官分析具有主觀差異性,但可以考慮到產(chǎn)品在時間上的釋放差異,以及由于注意力的集中、產(chǎn)品外觀而引起的感知變化,且檢測成本較低[44]。
對紡織品異味進行檢測,大多還是采用主觀嗅覺法,但目前還沒有一個公認的評價方法可以在出現(xiàn)爭議時作出判斷。感官測試和儀器分析結(jié)合使用在這種情況下就顯得尤為重要。在檢測員們對異味產(chǎn)生爭議時,可以使用儀器分析給出定論;同時,如果沒有伴隨的感官分析,僅通過儀器手段檢測到的氣味也會與人體實際感知產(chǎn)生差異。
3 除異味技術(shù)
目前紡織品除異味方法分別有物理法(吸附作用)、化學法(化學反應(yīng)、光催化)和感覺法(掩蔽、抵消)。
3.1 物理法
物理除異味是依靠分子引力使空氣中的異味物質(zhì)被吸附劑吸附到織物表面,減少環(huán)境中異味物質(zhì)的濃度,從而進行除臭[45]。物理法無需復雜加工,異味物質(zhì)和除臭劑在吸附過程中不發(fā)生化學反應(yīng),除臭劑本身性質(zhì)在吸附過程中不變化?;钚蕴?、β-環(huán)糊精、硅膠、沸石等多微孔物質(zhì)均為常見的吸附劑,不同吸附劑的吸附能力也有所區(qū)別。以活性炭這種非極性吸附劑為例,它能大量吸附非極性的有機分子,同時由于活性炭會在加工過程中形成寬孔徑,對一些極性物質(zhì)和一些特大分子的有機物質(zhì)仍具有優(yōu)良的吸附能力,故成為常用吸附劑[6,46]。朱樹平[47]對用椰殼制成的一種活性炭纖維進行了綜述,并表明這種纖維具有良好的除異味效果。艾志偉[48]選用竹炭纖維混紡紗線,開發(fā)出多種針織物,并通過后處理使活性炭附著在織物上,通過實驗證實該織物對甲醛的吸附能力隨著織物載炭量的增加而提高。對于有極性的吸附劑如沸石[49],其對吸附質(zhì)的吸附是靠靜電引力,因此它對直徑較小的異味物質(zhì)和不飽和化合物的吸附力較大。但物理法是可逆的,當系統(tǒng)溫度升高或被吸附氣體的壓力下降時,異味物質(zhì)會從除臭劑表面逸出。
3.2 化學法
化學法除異味機理是將臭氣源通過還原、分解、加成、氧化、縮合及等離子交換等方式進行消除[50]。一般是讓氣味成分與其他化學物質(zhì)進行化學反應(yīng),使之變成不產(chǎn)生氣味的成分?;瘜W法可以根據(jù)除臭劑是否隨著反應(yīng)的進行而逐漸減少,分為化學反應(yīng)消臭與光觸媒消臭[51]。常用的化學反應(yīng)消臭劑有類黃酮系化合物[52](包括黃酮醇和黃烷醇)、電氣石[53]、環(huán)糊精[49,54]等?;瘜W除異味法效果很好,加工方便,除異味徹底,異味被去除后很難恢復[55]。光觸媒技術(shù)的機理是納米TiO2或納米ZnO等光觸媒材料受紫外線或光照后產(chǎn)生羥基自由基,與空氣中的有機物質(zhì)反應(yīng)后生成無毒的無機物,能有效分解甲醛、苯、氨氣等,并將其轉(zhuǎn)化成水和二氧化碳,以除去大氣中的硫化物、氨氮化物及各類異味化合物,消除惡臭,從而起到空氣凈化的作用[49]。光觸媒處理紡織品后可以有效降低其中含有的少量甲醛或者其他有害物質(zhì)的含量。光觸媒材料化學穩(wěn)定性高,對人體無毒無害,且光觸媒除異味法可多次使用,是一種綠色環(huán)保的除異味方式。王利婭[56]利用混紡紗與蜂窩狀微孔結(jié)構(gòu)光觸媒滌綸纖維(光觸媒材料為納米級二氧化鈦)進行交織,研究發(fā)現(xiàn)混紡織物的除臭率會隨著光觸媒滌綸纖維、織物浮長線與日光輻照時間的增加逐漸提高。
3.3 感覺法
感覺法除異味是在紡織品上用更濃郁的香味來掩蓋或中和異味。一般會采用玫瑰、桂花、薄荷醇等芳香物質(zhì)遮蓋異味;或者用植物精制油,如薰衣草精油、松節(jié)油、檸檬油等來作為中和劑中和異味[52]。
常用的感覺消臭劑有香精,植物提取物如艾蒿、薰衣草等。但感覺除臭僅僅是掩蓋或者中和了異味,異味化合物并未消失,若長期接觸這類產(chǎn)品或者處于該環(huán)境下,可能會對人體健康產(chǎn)生影響。
在眾多除臭劑中,有些物質(zhì)具有雙重或多重除異味機理。如備長炭既具有活性吸附除異味功能,同時也具有抗菌作用,可以破壞異味氣體的產(chǎn)生條件[6]。β-環(huán)糊精是一種疏水空腔結(jié)構(gòu)物質(zhì),接枝到紡織品上,既有物理吸附除異味功能,也可以與多種有機化合物形成包合物,從而允許這些活性化合物的后續(xù)控制釋放[57]。因此當其與香料分子形成包合物,可以延長織物的留香時間,達到持久除味的效果。一般市售的廁所除味劑會利用感覺掩蔽作用,同時以化學或物理去除作用的協(xié)同效果除味[58]。
4 結(jié) 論
為了進一步了解紡織品異味,本文從紡織品異味的來源、紡織品異味檢測方式及紡織品除異味方式三個方面進行了探究。
1) 紡織品異味的來源可以總結(jié)為人體內(nèi)部和外部。人體內(nèi)部主要來源于汗液、新陳代謝所產(chǎn)生的分泌物,以及人體攜帶的細菌分泌物等。人體外部來源可以分為三部分:一是在運輸?shù)拳h(huán)節(jié)中,微生物會污染紡織品;二是加工時會采用各種整理劑及助劑,導致異味殘留;三是周圍環(huán)境的異味,如煙味、油煙味、農(nóng)藥味、動物氣味等。
2) 紡織品異味的檢測方法包括感官測試和儀器測量。合理地將感官分析和儀器測量結(jié)合起來會提高紡織品異味檢測的質(zhì)量及效率。
3) 目前除異味方法分別有物理法(吸附作用)、化學法(化學反應(yīng)、光催化)和感覺法(掩蔽、抵消),這三種方法各有其優(yōu)缺點,可以根據(jù)實際情況選擇合適的方法來達到去除紡織品異味的目的。
目前為了加快構(gòu)建綠色低碳循環(huán)發(fā)展體系,對于除異味產(chǎn)品也要能夠滿足綠色、高效、健康的理念,讓消費者在使用過程中體會到可持續(xù)健康發(fā)展的概念。因此,在開發(fā)除臭劑時,除了除異味效果、是否會對紡織品的性能產(chǎn)生影響,有無生態(tài)毒性、是否低碳環(huán)保等方面也需要被考慮在內(nèi)。
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Research status and progress of textile odors and deodorizing technology
CAI Wangdan, FAN Shuo, TIAN Wei, LI Yanqing, ZHU Chengyan, ZHANG Hongxia
(National Engineering Lab for Textile Fiber Materials and Processing Technology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China)
Abstract:
Because of their porous nature, textiles are easy to absorb odor, which stimulates the olfactory organs of human body, causing unhappiness and even harm to peoples health. At the same time, with the development of the times and the continuous progress of modern science and technology, peoples demand for clothing has changed from the original basic functions such as covering the body and maintaining body temperature to the more demanding composite functions. As a very important comfort index, textile odor is clearly stipulated in OEKO-TEX Standard 100-016 of the International OEKO-TEX Association and GB/T 18401-2010 National General Safety Technical Code for Textile Products, according to which products shall not contain high boiling range of petroleum smell, musty smell, fish smell, aromatic hydrocarbon smell or fragrance and other special smell. So how to remove the peculiar smell of textiles becomes an urgent problem to be solved. This paper takes the peculiar smell of textiles as the starting point, summarizes the research status and progress of the peculiar smell of textiles, and describes in detail the source of the peculiar smell of textiles, methods to detect the peculiar smell of textiles and the peculiar smell removal technology.
In order to further research textile odors, this paper probes into the source of textile odors, the detection method of textile odors and the way of removing textile odors.
(i) It can be summarized that the peculiar smell of textiles come from the inside and outside of the human body. The internal odor of human body mainly comes from sweat, secretion produced by metabolism, bacterial secretion carried by human body and so on. The source of human external odors can be divided into three parts. The first is the transport link. During the transportation of textiles, the dark environment creates a very suitable growth environment for fungi and bacteria, and these microorganisms multiply and metabolize in large quantities, resulting in musty smell. The second is the odor residue of various finishing agents and additives during processing, such as high boiling range petroleum smell, fishy smell, aromatic hydrocarbon smell or fragrance and other special smells. The third is the odor of the surrounding environment. Because of their porous nature, textiles are easy to absorb the smell from the surrounding environment, such as the smell of smoke, lampblack, agricultural medicine, animal smell and so on.
(ii) The detection methods of textile odors include the sensory test and the instrument measurement. The sensory test is to sniff and identify textiles by inspectors. In order to avoid the possible deviation of the sensory measurement, it is very important to select and train the inspectors and control the testing environment. In addition to sensory analysis, headspace gas chromatography and electronic nose technology are two common odor detection techniques. Headspace gas chromatography is a highly sensitive, rapid and accurate technique for qualitative and quantitative analysis. Electronic nose technology, as a bionic system, can use gas sensor array to achieve a rapid and comprehensive detection, identification and analysis of gas samples with the help of pattern recognition system and preset sample information database for comparison and identification.
(iii) Nowadays, odor removal methods include: the physical method (adsorption), the chemical method (chemical reaction and photocatalysis), the sensory method (masking and offset). Physical odor removal process is simple, but the adsorption is not durable, and the stability is poor. The chemical method has good effect, convenient processing and thorough elimination. Commonly used sensory deodorants include essence, plant extracts such as mugwort and lavender. However, this way of eliminating odors has certain saturation and timeliness, which is difficult to maintain the effect of eliminating odors for a long time.
At present, in order to accelerate the construction of a green and low-carbon cycle development system, deodorant products should also be able to meet the concept of green, efficiency and health, so that consumers can experience the concept of sustainable and healthy development in the process of use. Therefore, in the development of deodorant, in addition to the effect of odor removal, whether it will affect the performance of textiles, whether there is eco-toxicity, low-carbon environmental protection and other aspects also need to be considered.
From the consumer point of view, in four kinds of deodorant means, feeling method is the most convenient deodorant means. But feeling deodorization is just to cover up the smell, not to solve the odor problem. From the perspective of enterprises, not only the immediate interests should be considered, but enterprises should start from the product, to assume their own social responsibilities. For consumers, functional textiles that can continuously remove odors are produced. Among them, the photocatalytic odor removal may be widely used in textiles in the future because it is non-toxic and harmless to human body and durable.
Key words:
textiles; source of textile odor; odor detection; sensory analysis; headspace gas chromatography; electronic nose technology; odor removal technology
收稿日期:
2022-04-15;
修回日期:
2023-01-19
基金項目:
海寧市科技項目(海市科局〔2020〕29號(2020017))
作者簡介:
蔡王丹(1998),女,碩士研究生,研究方向為紡織品設(shè)計。通信作者:張紅霞,教授級高工,hongxiazhang8@126.com。