中國(guó)穩(wěn)步邁向更高階段

文/Yaismel Megret（古巴） 譯/史聰一

不久前，中國(guó)的全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)和中國(guó)人民政治協(xié)商會(huì)議（以下簡(jiǎn)稱兩會(huì)）勝利閉幕。通過(guò)對(duì)兩會(huì)精神的學(xué)習(xí)，我能夠繼續(xù)了解中國(guó)的戰(zhàn)略重心，以及中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義制度的優(yōu)越性。

在我看來(lái)，兩會(huì)的看點(diǎn)主要聚焦在以下三個(gè)方面：大會(huì)的開(kāi)幕式、《政府工作報(bào)告》和2023年中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的預(yù)期增長(zhǎng)目標(biāo)。由于新冠疫情對(duì)生產(chǎn)服務(wù)活動(dòng)的影響以及受到國(guó)際局勢(shì)的影響。設(shè)定規(guī)劃，并在戰(zhàn)略中遵循以最終實(shí)現(xiàn)最初擬定的目標(biāo)。2022年國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值（GDP）增長(zhǎng)率下滑，中國(guó)政府提出了全新的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)計(jì)劃。

正如國(guó)務(wù)院總理李克強(qiáng)在《政府工作報(bào)告》中所陳述的那樣：為保持經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的穩(wěn)定性，應(yīng)將重心放在刺激國(guó)內(nèi)或消費(fèi)者需求上，通過(guò)鼓勵(lì)更多民間資本參與投資以及改革來(lái)推動(dòng)構(gòu)建新發(fā)展格局，因此，近期關(guān)于增加供給和擴(kuò)大需求的改革在圍繞新的穩(wěn)定措施實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展。

在中國(guó)工作的這些年里，我有幸見(jiàn)證了數(shù)字化技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展，以及該技術(shù)在政府持續(xù)推進(jìn)工業(yè)體系現(xiàn)代化過(guò)程中所起到的作用。正如李克強(qiáng)總理所提到的那樣：中國(guó)將出臺(tái)完善相關(guān)條例來(lái)吸引外商投資達(dá)成新的區(qū)域貿(mào)易協(xié)定，為各國(guó)企業(yè)家們?cè)谌A發(fā)展提供更多商機(jī)。

The study of the just-concluded National People’s Congress (NPC) and Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) (from now on referred to as the “Two Sessions”) has allowed me to continue to understand the nation’s work strategies and strength of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics.

From my poi nt of view: t he open i ng of the session,with a government report and the announcement of an economic expansion by 2023.The new financial growth schemes were proposed to raise the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth that decreased during the past year (2022),mainly due to the impact of Covid-19 on productive activity and services and the effects of international pressure.Mark a directive in the strategy to follow to fulfill the proposed objectives.

As Premier Li Keqiang reported,to work for the sake of stability in economic growth,the focus will be on stimulating domestic or consumer demand and promoting new structures by encouraging private investment.Hence,recent reforms to strengthen supply and boost demand,aims to have sustainable development around new stability measures.

During the years that I have been working in the country,I have demonstrated the growth in digital technologies and the work of the government in the continuous modernization of the industrial system.Moreover,as Premier Li mentioned: there is a detailed plan to attract more foreign investment,close new trade agreements at the regional level,and expand business opportunities to entrepreneurs around the world.

百泰生物藥業(yè)有限公司中國(guó)分公司的中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨黨員和古巴共產(chǎn)黨黨員參觀中共第一黨支部紀(jì)念館

我來(lái)自古巴，那里也奉行社會(huì)主義制度。在過(guò)去的60多年里，古巴政府同中國(guó)政府建立了友好的外交關(guān)系。古巴政府也致力于不斷增進(jìn)本國(guó)人民的福祉。在此次兩會(huì)期間，我通過(guò)分析得出一種觀點(diǎn)，這種觀點(diǎn)令我深感欣慰：正是因?yàn)橹泄艃蓢?guó)間的密切關(guān)系，我們才有機(jī)會(huì)能夠近距離觀察到中國(guó)政府對(duì)其公民的承諾——為人民提供更好的生活條件，包括出臺(tái)政策鼓勵(lì)生育，優(yōu)化公共醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務(wù)。

自中華人民共和國(guó)成立以來(lái)，初期在毛澤東主席的堅(jiān)強(qiáng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，徹底消除貧困一直是中國(guó)最珍視的目標(biāo)之一。為了實(shí)現(xiàn)這一宏偉的目標(biāo)，一代代中國(guó)人民斗志昂揚(yáng)，并將所有心血傾注其中。在今年兩會(huì)期間即新中國(guó)成立74年后，李克強(qiáng)總理莊嚴(yán)宣告：“我們?nèi)缙诖蜈A脫貧攻堅(jiān)戰(zhàn)，鞏固拓展脫貧攻堅(jiān)成果?！边@不僅標(biāo)志著自1949年10月1日中華人民共和國(guó)成立以來(lái)，中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨圓滿地完成了第一代領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人在天安門城樓上許下的莊重承諾，還宣告著中國(guó)實(shí)現(xiàn)了從“站起來(lái)” “富起來(lái)”到“強(qiáng)起來(lái)”的偉大飛躍。

I come from the Cuban socialist nation,where the government has maintained friendly and diplomatic relations with the Chinese country for more than 60 years.The Cuban government works for the continuous increase of the welfare of the people.One of the points analyzed during the sessions,which fills me with satisfaction: because of the close relationship that unites our nations,is to see the commitment of the Chinese government to provide better living conditions for its citizens: birth incentive actions,plans to optimize health services.

Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China,under the determined leadership of Mao Zedong,one of the most cherished goals has been eradicating poverty.To the achievement of this ambitious purpose,they have devoted all their energies.During the framework of the sessions,74 years after that grand event,Premier Li Keqiang solemnly declared before the legislators the“successful culmination” of the last stretch of the objective set by the Communist Party of China of the self-imposed task on October 1,1949,in Tiananmen Square.

在報(bào)告中，李克強(qiáng)總理強(qiáng)調(diào)：為如期打贏脫貧攻堅(jiān)戰(zhàn)，政府已深入實(shí)施產(chǎn)業(yè)、就業(yè)、生態(tài)、教育、健康、社會(huì)保障等幫扶，提高了人民特別是貧困地區(qū)人民的生活質(zhì)量，并解決了中國(guó)的絕對(duì)貧困問(wèn)題。

能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)這一壯舉，需要付出艱苦卓絕的努力，也再次體現(xiàn)了中國(guó)政府對(duì)中國(guó)人民的承諾。通過(guò)與集中性科學(xué)規(guī)劃相結(jié)合，國(guó)務(wù)院扶貧開(kāi)發(fā)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組辦公室能夠?qū)π畔⑦M(jìn)行匯總，同時(shí)確定重點(diǎn)貧困家庭（特困家庭），對(duì)其優(yōu)先關(guān)注并對(duì)其狀況進(jìn)行實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)，以避免該群體因政策力度不到位而出現(xiàn)“返貧”現(xiàn)象。值得注意的是，在黨中央的嚴(yán)格監(jiān)督下，中國(guó)的政府官員與共產(chǎn)黨員干部均積極參與脫貧攻堅(jiān)的戰(zhàn)斗，他們正直忠誠(chéng)且愛(ài)崗敬業(yè)，這鞭策著他們?yōu)閷?shí)現(xiàn)心中的理想而奮斗，甚至寧愿前往中國(guó)最艱苦貧瘠的地方。

在本次人民代表大會(huì)的閉幕式上，中國(guó)國(guó)家主席習(xí)近平強(qiáng)調(diào)，在新一屆任期內(nèi)，他將忠實(shí)履行憲法賦予的職責(zé)，以國(guó)家需要為使命并以人民利益為準(zhǔn)繩，恪盡職守，竭誠(chéng)奉獻(xiàn)。

同時(shí)，習(xí)主席強(qiáng)調(diào)積極發(fā)展全過(guò)程人民民主，堅(jiān)持黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)與依法治國(guó)相統(tǒng)一。在國(guó)家實(shí)施發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略、謀求偉大復(fù)興，建設(shè)社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化強(qiáng)國(guó)的進(jìn)程中，應(yīng)以增進(jìn)民生福祉作為優(yōu)先項(xiàng)。此外，習(xí)主席呼吁鞏固和加強(qiáng)各族人民大團(tuán)結(jié)、海內(nèi)外中華兒女大團(tuán)結(jié)，以調(diào)動(dòng)一切有利因素，匯聚成建設(shè)社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化強(qiáng)國(guó)并推動(dòng)中華民族偉大復(fù)興的磅礴力量。

習(xí)主席強(qiáng)調(diào)，要堅(jiān)持貫徹以人民為中心的發(fā)展思想，讓現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)成果更多更公平惠及全體人民，在推進(jìn)全體人民共同富裕上不斷取得更為明顯的實(shí)質(zhì)性進(jìn)展。

總而言之，在我看來(lái)，兩會(huì)既是中國(guó)對(duì)過(guò)去幾年中所取得顯著成就的總結(jié)，也是中國(guó)穩(wěn)步邁向更高階段的全新起點(diǎn)，更是中國(guó)在國(guó)家層面明確的行動(dòng)指南。我期待著，在兩會(huì)精神的引領(lǐng)下，中國(guó)人民在不久的未來(lái)可以取得更大的成就。

In the “battle of assault of strongholds in the elimination of poverty,” thus characterized by Li himself,the government prioritized the investment of funds in the fields of industrial,labor,ecological,educational,health,social security,etc.,which has resulted in an increase in the quality of life of the people (with particular emphasis on the inhabitants of rural areas) and the consequent eradication of absolute poverty in the term set.

This feat,which requires hard work and demon st rates once again the government’s commitment to the people,with a good combination of centralized scientific planning,the centralization of information in the Office of the Leading Group for Poverty Alleviation and Development of the State Council that allowed to identify essential households,vulnerable and prioritize their attention,as well as monitor their evolution,to avoid an undesirable“relapse” in the situation of vulnerability.It is worth noting the active participation of government officials and CPC cadres whose integrity and commitment prompted them to move to the most inhospitable places in China to realize the desired dream under the strict supervision of the CPC Central Committee.

President Xi Jinping,speaking at the NA’s closing,affirmed that he would fulfill the Constitution’s responsibilities,the nation’s needs,and the people’s interests in his new presidential administration.

He also urged further progress in people’s democracy and upheld the unity of the leadership of the Communist Party of China and law-based governance.And he emphasized the priority given to the welfare of the people as the country implements its development plans,seeks to revitalize itself,and becomes a modern socialist state by mid-century.He called for strengthening and expanding unity among the country’s inhabitants,their ethnic groups,and the diaspora to mobilize all favorable factors,and we will form a powerful force that will facilitate the construction of a great modern socialist country and the advancement of national revitalization.

He considered it vital to adopt a people-centered development philosophy so that the achievements of modernization fairly benefit each person and there are more remarkable and substantive results in promoting shared prosperity.

All in all,I regard the Two Sessions as a summary of remarkable achievements made in the past years,a new opening of another higher step that China will steadily head to,and a clear direction of guidance from the state level.I am looking forward to the immeasurable achievements that Chinese people could make in the near future with the spirits of the Two Sessions.