嚴(yán)芳英 何夢(mèng)秋 柯瑩
摘要: 不良坐姿是導(dǎo)致久坐人群脊椎變形、下腰酸痛的主要原因。為調(diào)整久坐人群的坐姿,本文基于人體功效學(xué),設(shè)計(jì)研發(fā)了一款坐姿調(diào)整背心。通過真人著裝試驗(yàn),對(duì)坐姿調(diào)整背心的熱濕舒適性和坐姿調(diào)整功能進(jìn)行性能測(cè)試與評(píng)價(jià)。研究結(jié)果表明:在溫度為23 ℃、相對(duì)濕度為60%的環(huán)境下,受試者穿著背心處于靜坐狀態(tài)時(shí),衣下局部表面溫度范圍在30.7~32.0 ℃,局部表面濕度范圍在47%~58%,無出汗現(xiàn)象,熱濕舒適性良好,且穿戴背心后的受試者較穿戴前,后背上角減小,后背下角增大,胸椎后凸和腰椎后傾的不良體態(tài)得到顯著改善,適合久坐人群長(zhǎng)時(shí)間穿著。
關(guān)鍵詞: 坐姿調(diào)整;久坐人群;不良坐姿;矯正帶;背心設(shè)計(jì);功能服裝;服用舒適性
中圖分類號(hào): TS941.17
文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼: A
隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展,人們的工作方式逐漸由體力勞動(dòng)向腦力勞動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)變,而腦力工作者長(zhǎng)期處于久坐狀態(tài)。久坐狀態(tài)是指人體保持坐立姿勢(shì)日均長(zhǎng)達(dá)6 h以上,且維持單次坐立姿勢(shì)時(shí)長(zhǎng)達(dá)30 min以上[1]。有研究指出久坐人群的脊柱機(jī)能水平低于非久坐人群,原因之一是久坐狀態(tài)常常伴隨著伏案前傾等不良坐姿,加重了人體脊椎、腰椎的負(fù)擔(dān)[2]。因此,當(dāng)人體不可避免需要保持久坐狀態(tài)時(shí),應(yīng)盡量保持脊柱處于自然彎曲狀態(tài),以減小脊椎、腰椎的受力。
可穿戴坐姿矯正產(chǎn)品有助于調(diào)整人體坐姿,緩解腰背部的疲勞。目前市場(chǎng)上可穿戴坐姿矯正產(chǎn)品以矯正帶為主,通過增加對(duì)肩、背、腰的牽引力調(diào)整上身的體態(tài),但此類內(nèi)穿式的坐姿矯正器束縛感較強(qiáng),長(zhǎng)時(shí)間佩戴會(huì)導(dǎo)致胸椎活動(dòng)度不夠,并可能引發(fā)肩關(guān)節(jié)、腰椎過度后伸等問題。近年來,智能可穿戴式坐姿矯正服裝研究日益受到重視。張晶晶等[3]基于Lumo健形元件,設(shè)計(jì)開發(fā)了一款針對(duì)青少年兒童的坐姿矯正背心。Jiang等[4]研制了一款自供電坐姿監(jiān)測(cè)背心,可對(duì)頸椎、胸椎、腰椎部位的拉伸、彎曲等坐姿變化進(jìn)行實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)。Sikligar等[5]基于可連續(xù)監(jiān)測(cè)坐姿的可穿戴系統(tǒng),設(shè)計(jì)了一款紡織品傳感器嵌入式服裝。但以上研究均通過將具有坐姿監(jiān)測(cè)和警示功能的傳感器設(shè)置在傳統(tǒng)服裝上,輔助穿戴者進(jìn)行不良坐姿的調(diào)整,其核心為智能坐姿矯正系統(tǒng),缺乏對(duì)服裝自身坐姿矯正功能的設(shè)計(jì)。
功能性服裝的常用評(píng)價(jià)方法為真人試驗(yàn)法,主要分為功能性評(píng)價(jià)和熱濕舒適性評(píng)價(jià)兩類,且常采用客觀數(shù)據(jù)測(cè)量和主觀評(píng)價(jià)相結(jié)合的方式[6-8]。本文通過對(duì)現(xiàn)有坐姿矯正產(chǎn)品的面料與結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行研究并改善,設(shè)計(jì)開發(fā)了一款針對(duì)久坐人群的坐姿調(diào)整背心,并經(jīng)真人穿著試驗(yàn),對(duì)其坐姿調(diào)整功能性及熱濕舒適性進(jìn)行評(píng)估。該坐姿調(diào)整背心的設(shè)計(jì)可結(jié)合智能坐姿矯正系統(tǒng),為智能坐姿矯正服裝的設(shè)計(jì)開發(fā)提供參考,使其兼具被動(dòng)坐姿矯正功能和智能警示功能。
1 坐姿調(diào)整背心設(shè)計(jì)
1.1 款式結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)
坐姿調(diào)整背心的設(shè)計(jì)不同于傳統(tǒng)的矯正帶,從美觀性和功能性兩個(gè)角度出發(fā),在結(jié)構(gòu)上將其分為外部背心(圖1(a)(b))和內(nèi)部坐姿矯正帶(圖1(c)(d))兩部分。該坐姿調(diào)整背心為一體式結(jié)構(gòu),外部背心和內(nèi)部矯正帶在后腰處進(jìn)行縫合固定。成衣規(guī)格尺寸設(shè)計(jì)如表1所示。
外部背心版型設(shè)計(jì)為合體款式,領(lǐng)型設(shè)計(jì)為V領(lǐng),簡(jiǎn)潔大方,門襟處采用大面積魔術(shù)貼實(shí)現(xiàn)扣合,可以根據(jù)人體圍度的變化調(diào)整背心的大小。
內(nèi)部坐姿矯正帶則根據(jù)功能進(jìn)行分區(qū),分為大身約束區(qū)和肩部彈性區(qū)。
1) 大身約束區(qū)位于腰腹部和背部,主要功能為固定脊椎形態(tài),防止胸椎、腰椎等過度前傾彎曲,同時(shí)為增強(qiáng)后背的透氣性,對(duì)其肩胛骨兩側(cè)進(jìn)行了打孔設(shè)計(jì),后腰部分則設(shè)有四支仿生軟骨條進(jìn)行支撐,起到緩解腰部疲勞的作用,前中設(shè)有兩列排扣,間距2 cm,以實(shí)現(xiàn)坐姿調(diào)節(jié)背心的可調(diào)節(jié)性。
2) 肩部彈性區(qū)位于左右兩側(cè)肩部,各設(shè)有兩條彈力帶,主要起到牽引拉伸的作用,并在一定程度上緩解約束區(qū)束縛感,借助肩部彈力帶可以使人體脊椎在小范圍內(nèi)活動(dòng)彎曲,避免長(zhǎng)時(shí)間保持固定姿勢(shì)給脊椎帶來不適感。此外,靠近肩側(cè)的彈力帶由背部經(jīng)過側(cè)肩點(diǎn)連接至側(cè)腰處,遠(yuǎn)離肩側(cè)的彈力帶則由背部經(jīng)過側(cè)頸點(diǎn)連接至前腹部,所有彈力帶均避開了腋下部分,區(qū)別于傳統(tǒng)的坐姿矯正帶,能有效降低對(duì)人體的束縛感和提高穿著舒適度,靠近肩側(cè)的彈力帶兩端固定,遠(yuǎn)離肩側(cè)的彈力帶與大身約束區(qū)前片通過尼龍插扣進(jìn)行連接,起到固定作用并實(shí)現(xiàn)內(nèi)部坐姿矯正帶的穿脫便利性。
1.2 面輔料選擇
根據(jù)面料的選擇應(yīng)與服裝的功能性和版型相適應(yīng)的原則[9],相關(guān)面料參數(shù)如表2所示。內(nèi)部坐姿矯正帶的約束區(qū)選用了微彈PU軟皮革復(fù)合面料,約束區(qū)分布在脊椎區(qū)域(胸椎、腰椎),PU皮革面料其具有較好的硬挺度和保形性能[10],此外該面料以棉織物為基布,兼具親膚和良好的吸濕透氣性能。彈性區(qū)則選用薄款彈力氨綸面料,彈性區(qū)主要從肩部進(jìn)行牽引拉伸,且同時(shí)能夠減輕束縛感,要求面料具有較好的彈性。外部背心外層選用粉紅色的彈力嗶嘰西服面料,內(nèi)層則選用吸濕速干的低彈網(wǎng)眼面料,增加美觀性的同時(shí)能夠保證較好的服用舒適性,嗶嘰面料為滌綸和黏膠纖維混紡織物,外表平整挺括、質(zhì)地柔軟,且兼具優(yōu)良的抗皺性、導(dǎo)濕排汗性能,粉紅色則具有放松和安撫情緒的效果,可對(duì)緊繃的肌肉起到放松舒緩的作用[11]。輔料選用魔術(shù)貼、內(nèi)衣排扣和插扣,確保背心尺寸具有良好的調(diào)節(jié)功能并且穿脫便利。
2 坐姿調(diào)整背心性能評(píng)價(jià)
2.1 受試者選取
本試驗(yàn)共選取5名身體健康的女大學(xué)生作為受試者,年齡(20.2±1.3)歲;身高(162.3±2.1)cm;體重(50.3±2.0)kg;BMI(19.1±0.7)kg/m2。所有受試者均對(duì)試驗(yàn)?zāi)康?、試?yàn)內(nèi)容及試驗(yàn)要求知情,且在試驗(yàn)前24 h內(nèi)作息規(guī)律,無吸煙、飲酒行為,無劇烈運(yùn)動(dòng)。試驗(yàn)過程中,受試者被要求穿著相同的合體上衣和褲子。
2.2 熱濕舒適性評(píng)價(jià)
熱濕舒適性評(píng)價(jià)試驗(yàn)在人工氣候環(huán)境艙(日本ESPEC公司)內(nèi)進(jìn)行,環(huán)境溫度為(23±0.5) ℃,相對(duì)濕度為(60±5)%,風(fēng)速<0.1 m/s,試驗(yàn)?zāi)M環(huán)境如圖2所示。通過MSR145傳感器(瑞士MSR公司),精度為溫度±0.1 ℃、濕度±2%。記錄指定部位的溫度和濕度數(shù)據(jù),記錄時(shí)間間隔為1 min。測(cè)試部位分布在內(nèi)部矯正帶的后背部和后腰部,標(biāo)記為A、B、C、D 4個(gè)點(diǎn),標(biāo)記位置如圖3所示。
試驗(yàn)前,在環(huán)境艙內(nèi)靜坐15 min至熱中性狀態(tài)后,穿上試驗(yàn)提供的服裝和帶有傳感器的坐姿調(diào)整背心。待受試者穿戴好背心且坐在模擬工位時(shí),試驗(yàn)正式開始計(jì)時(shí),受試者需要填寫熱濕舒適性主觀評(píng)價(jià)問卷,且每隔10 min填寫一次,共填寫三次,分別在試驗(yàn)開始10、20、30 min的時(shí)間節(jié)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行填寫,主觀評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)如表3所示。在試驗(yàn)過程中,受試者需保持30 min的坐立狀態(tài),可進(jìn)行伏案作業(yè)、使用電腦等行為。
2.3 坐姿調(diào)整性能評(píng)價(jià)
坐姿調(diào)整性能評(píng)價(jià)采用VitusSmartXXL三維人體掃描儀對(duì)人體姿態(tài)進(jìn)行掃描,三維人體掃描儀可以從長(zhǎng)度、弧度等多個(gè)維度對(duì)人體各部位數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行測(cè)量。人體在久坐狀態(tài)下坐姿的變化主要表現(xiàn)在腰部及以上部分的彎曲,即前傾姿態(tài),因此本試驗(yàn)提取人體左側(cè)矢狀面的體表圖像數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)分析。為保證掃描效果清晰且數(shù)據(jù)準(zhǔn)確,受試者在試驗(yàn)過程中需穿著相同淺色長(zhǎng)袖緊身針織衫,以自然狀態(tài)(雙腿稍分開,雙手自然垂放在大腿上)坐在凳子上,在穿戴坐姿調(diào)整背心前后分別進(jìn)行兩次掃描。掃描結(jié)束后,通過電腦軟件處理,提取左側(cè)矢狀面輪廓圖,并分別測(cè)量后背上角和后背下角,如圖4所示。通過體表角度測(cè)量可直觀反映人體體態(tài)的變化,后背上角和后背下角可對(duì)脊柱后凸情況進(jìn)行初步判斷[12-13]。其中,后背上角為第七頸椎點(diǎn)和肩胛骨最凸點(diǎn)連線與豎直方向所成的夾角,是正值,其值越小說明胸椎段越挺拔;后背下角則為后腰中點(diǎn)與肩胛骨最凸點(diǎn)連線與豎直方向所成的夾角,可為正值或負(fù)值,正值表示背部舒展或腰部前傾,負(fù)值表示脊柱后凸。若后背上角減小,后背下角增大,則表明有矯正坐姿的效果[13]。
在熱濕舒適性評(píng)價(jià)試驗(yàn)結(jié)束后,受試者需要填寫坐姿調(diào)整背心穿著滿意度調(diào)查問卷,對(duì)坐姿調(diào)整性能進(jìn)行主觀評(píng)價(jià)。
2.4 數(shù)據(jù)分析
采用IBM SPSS Statistics軟件對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行Shapiro-Wilk檢驗(yàn),檢驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)是否符合正態(tài)分布,對(duì)局部溫濕度進(jìn)行單因素重復(fù)測(cè)量方差分析(One-way repeated ANOVA),并采用配對(duì)樣本T檢驗(yàn)比較穿戴背心前后熱濕舒適性主觀評(píng)價(jià)及體表角度是否存在顯著差異。當(dāng)P<0.05,則存在顯著性差異。
3 結(jié)果與分析
3.1 熱濕舒適性
3.1.1 局部表面溫度
受試者穿著坐姿調(diào)整背心狀態(tài)下的各點(diǎn)局部溫度隨時(shí)間的變化如圖5所示。試驗(yàn)開始5 min內(nèi),基于熱傳遞原理,人體熱量傳遞到皮膚表面,A、B、C、D 4個(gè)點(diǎn)溫度迅速升高,當(dāng)人體、服裝、環(huán)境的熱交換達(dá)到平衡后,溫度逐漸趨于平穩(wěn),且維持在32.5 ℃以下,處于人體熱舒適的溫度范圍內(nèi)。其中,在5~30 min,A、B點(diǎn)平均溫度顯著高于C、D點(diǎn)(P<0.05),后背部平均溫度比后腰部平均溫度高1.12 ℃。爐慶洪等[14]研究得出正常青年女性后背部體表平均溫度比后腰部高0.5 ℃,相較于體表平均溫差,背心內(nèi)局部表面溫差更大,其原因可能是相比腰背部,坐姿調(diào)整背心的胸背部與人體表面的貼合度更高,散熱相對(duì)較差,可以適當(dāng)增加胸背部的透氣孔,使得人體在較高環(huán)境溫度下穿著坐姿調(diào)整背心仍能處于熱舒適狀態(tài)。
3.1.2 局部表面濕度
受試者穿著坐姿調(diào)整背心時(shí)的各點(diǎn)局部表面濕度隨時(shí)間的變化如圖6所示。從圖6可以看出,A、B、C、D 4個(gè)點(diǎn)濕度初始值范圍在55%~60%,接近于環(huán)境倉(cāng)設(shè)置濕度。在試驗(yàn)過程中,各點(diǎn)的濕度隨著時(shí)間的變化呈逐漸下降的趨勢(shì),局部濕度變化在6.6%~9.5%,說明背心吸濕透氣性能較好,使得衣下微環(huán)境濕度明顯低于室內(nèi)環(huán)境濕度,且受試者無出汗現(xiàn)象。在5~30 min,B點(diǎn)和D點(diǎn)的表面濕度存在顯著性差異(P<0.05),D點(diǎn)濕度比B點(diǎn)濕度高3.6%,考慮到受試者并未出汗,導(dǎo)致該差異的原因可能是D點(diǎn)位置的貼體度比B點(diǎn)差,衣下環(huán)境空間較大,從而使得D點(diǎn)表面濕度更接近于環(huán)境濕度。
3.1.3 熱濕舒適性主觀評(píng)價(jià)
坐姿調(diào)整背心的熱濕舒適性主觀評(píng)價(jià)分為熱感、濕感及熱舒適感三部分,試驗(yàn)過程中,受試者的主觀熱濕舒適性評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果如圖7所示。在0~10 min,受試者的熱感、濕感與熱舒適感評(píng)分均有所上漲,與客觀熱濕舒適性實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果相符,其中熱感存在顯著性差異(P<0.05);但在10~30 min,熱濕舒適性主觀評(píng)分小幅波動(dòng)并趨于穩(wěn)定,主觀評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果范圍在0~1,處于舒適范圍內(nèi),說明該款背心熱濕舒適性能良好,可滿足久坐人群長(zhǎng)時(shí)間穿著的需求。
3.2 坐姿調(diào)整性能
3.2.1 脊椎曲線狀態(tài)
利用三維人體掃描軟件提取出受試者穿戴坐姿調(diào)整背心前后左側(cè)矢狀面的輪廓圖,如圖8(左側(cè)為穿戴前,右側(cè)為穿戴后)所示。從圖8可以看出,穿戴背心前人體多處于前傾狀態(tài),且脊椎曲線多呈C型,而當(dāng)人體保持正確坐姿狀態(tài)時(shí),正常的脊椎曲線狀態(tài)呈S型[15]。穿戴坐姿調(diào)整背心后,受試者的脊椎不良形態(tài)明顯得到改善,脊椎曲線更加接近人體脊椎正常彎曲狀態(tài)。穿戴該款背心顯然有助于調(diào)整不良坐姿,改善脊椎的不良形態(tài),從而減少對(duì)脊椎、腰部的壓迫。
3.2.2 體表角度測(cè)量
通過對(duì)左側(cè)矢狀面輪廓圖進(jìn)行體表角度測(cè)量,受試者穿戴坐姿調(diào)整背心前后人體后背上角和后背下角測(cè)量結(jié)果如圖9所示。分析圖9可見,受試者穿戴背心后的后背上角比穿戴前減小,且存在顯著性差異(P<0.05),即穿戴背心后人體的胸椎段較穿戴背心前挺拔,這表明坐姿調(diào)整背心能有效解決胸椎后凸的問題,調(diào)整前傾的不良坐姿體態(tài);此外,對(duì)比穿戴前,穿戴后受試者的后背下角增大,腰部后傾狀態(tài)有所改善,但數(shù)據(jù)不存在顯著性差異(P>0.05),該結(jié)果表明坐姿調(diào)整背心調(diào)整腰椎后凸的能力有限,效果不明顯。
3.2.3 坐姿調(diào)整性能主觀評(píng)價(jià)
坐姿調(diào)整性能主觀評(píng)價(jià)問卷由5位受試者在熱濕舒適性評(píng)價(jià)試驗(yàn)結(jié)束后填寫。問卷調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示:關(guān)于“對(duì)此款服裝調(diào)節(jié)不良坐姿的功能是否滿意”這一問題,80%的受試者選擇了“滿意”,20%的受試者選擇了“一般”選項(xiàng);關(guān)于“您認(rèn)為此款背心對(duì)您的坐姿調(diào)整有幫助嗎”這一問題,100%的受試者選擇了“有一點(diǎn)幫助”選項(xiàng);關(guān)于“您認(rèn)為長(zhǎng)時(shí)間穿著此背心會(huì)給您的身體帶來不適嗎”這一問題,100%的受試者選擇了“不會(huì)”選項(xiàng)。問卷調(diào)查結(jié)果表明,該款坐姿調(diào)整背心對(duì)穿著者的坐姿具有一定的被動(dòng)調(diào)整作用,但又不會(huì)過度牽引肩、背、腰,從而影響胸椎活動(dòng)度,適合久坐人群長(zhǎng)時(shí)間穿著。
4 結(jié) 論
本文設(shè)計(jì)開發(fā)了一款坐姿調(diào)整背心,通過真人著裝試驗(yàn)對(duì)坐姿調(diào)整背心的熱濕舒適性和坐姿調(diào)整功效性進(jìn)行性能測(cè)試與評(píng)價(jià),主要結(jié)論如下:
1) 坐姿調(diào)整背心的熱濕舒適性良好,在溫度為23 ℃、相對(duì)濕度為60%的環(huán)境下穿著時(shí),背心衣下表面溫度穩(wěn)定在32.5 ℃以下,表面濕度逐漸下降且顯著低于環(huán)境濕度,下降幅度為6.6%~9.5%,人體處于熱濕舒適狀態(tài)。
2) 坐姿調(diào)整背心具有較好的功能性,能有效調(diào)整胸椎后凸的不良坐姿體態(tài),從而降低久坐人群背部的疲勞感和不舒適,適合久坐人群長(zhǎng)時(shí)間穿著。
在后續(xù)的研究中,可結(jié)合智能坐姿矯正系統(tǒng),在坐姿調(diào)整背心中加入柔性坐姿監(jiān)測(cè)傳感器,將被動(dòng)矯姿和主動(dòng)矯姿功能緊密結(jié)合,設(shè)計(jì)出更適合久坐人群的可穿戴坐姿矯正服裝。
《絲綢》官網(wǎng)下載
中國(guó)知網(wǎng)下載
參考文獻(xiàn):
[1]徐帥, 劉靜, 徐道明, 等. 久坐行為誘發(fā)肌骨系統(tǒng)疾病及運(yùn)動(dòng)干預(yù)調(diào)控機(jī)制[J]. 中華骨質(zhì)疏松和骨礦鹽疾病雜志, 2022, 15(2): 211-217.
XU Shuai, LIU Jing, XU Daoming, et al. Musculoskeletal system diseased induced by sedentary behavior induces and regulation mechanism of exercise intervention[J]. Chinese Journal of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research, 2022, 15(2): 211-217.
[2]李小蘭, 肖瑤, 楊利紅. 功能性訓(xùn)練對(duì)中年久坐人群下腰背痛康復(fù)效果研究[J]. 四川體育科學(xué), 2020, 39(3): 36-39.
LI Xiaolan, XIAO Yao, YANG Lihong. Effect of function training on rehabilitation of low back pain in middle-aged sedentary population[J]. Sichuan Sports Science, 2020, 39(3): 36-39.
[3]張晶晶, 洪文進(jìn), 苗鈺. 基于Lumo健形元件技術(shù)的兒童矯姿背心設(shè)計(jì)[J]. 上海紡織科技, 2019, 47(4): 49-51.
ZHANG Jingjing, HONG Wenjin, MIAO Yu. Desigh of childrens smart security posture vest desigh based on Lumo health element technology[J]. Shanghai Textile Science & Technology, 2019, 47(4): 49-51.
[4]JIANG Y, AN J, LIANG F, et al. Knitted self-powered sensing textiles for machine learning-assisted sitting posture monitoring and correction[J]. Nano Research, 2022, 15(9): 8389-8397.
[5]SIKLIGAR D, NGUESSAN L, PHAM D, et al. Design of a textile sensor embedded shirt for posture monitoring[C]//Proceedings of the 2022 Design of Medical Devices Conference. Minneapolis: American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022.
[6]WANG Y Y, WU D W, ZHAO M M, et al. Evaluation on an ergonomic design of functional clothing for wheelchair users[J]. Applied Ergonomics, 2014, 45(3): 550-555.
[7]JUNG W K, LEE S M, AHN S H, et al. Development and assessment of a knitted shape memory alloy-based multifunctional elbow brace[J]. Journal of Industrial Textiles, 2022, 51(S2): 1989-2009.
[8]SON S Y, MURAKI S, TOCHIHARA Y. Exploring the appropriate test methods to examine the effects of firefighter personal protective equipment on mobility[J]. Fashion and Textiles, 2022, 9(22): 1-14.
[9]楊奇. 女裝版型與造型、時(shí)尚、舒適之間的關(guān)系[J]. 東華大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版), 2012, 12(4): 252-259.
YANG Qi. The relationship between womenswear fit and styling, fashion and comfort[J]. Journal of Donghua University (Social Science), 2012, 12(4): 252-259.
[10]HOU X Y, ZHAO H T, ZHANG W B, et al. Moisture-regulating microcapsule and its enhanced water vapor permeability of leather polyurethane coating[J]. Progress in Organic Coatings, 2022, 166: 106792.
[11]艾敏, 劉玉紅, 漆曉紅, 等. 顏色對(duì)人體生理和心理的影響[J]. 中國(guó)健康心理學(xué)雜志, 2015, 23(2): 317-320.
AI Min, LIU Yuhong, QI Xiaohong, et al. The impact of color on human physiology and psychology[J]. China Journal of Health Psychology, 2015, 23(2): 317-320.
[12]王曉霞, 戴建國(guó), 王春霞, 等. 青年女性體表角度分析[J]. 紡織學(xué)報(bào), 2013, 34(7): 106-110.
WANG Xiaoxia, DAI Jianguo, WANG Chunxia, et al. Analysis body shape of young women by use of body surface angles[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2013, 34(7): 106-110.
[13]李雨虹. 矯姿帶壓力分布與矯正效果研究[D]. 上海: 東華大學(xué), 2022.
LI Yuhong. Research on Pressure Distribution and Correction Effect of Orthosis Belt[D]. Shanghai: Donghua University, 2022.
[14]爐慶洪, 楊洪欽, 陳麗, 等. 正常青年體表溫度分布的紅外熱像分析[J]. 中國(guó)生物醫(yī)學(xué)工程學(xué)報(bào), 2007, 26(4): 528-531.
LU Qinghong, YANG Hongqin, CHEN Li, et al. Analysis of the skin temperature distribution of infrared thermography of normal youth[J]. Chinese Journal of Biomedical Engineering, 2007, 26(4): 528-531.
[15]HEY H W D, LAU E T C, WONG G C, et al. Cervical alignment variations in different postures and predictors of normal cervical kyphosis a new understanding[J]. Spine, 2017, 42(21): 1614-1621.
Abstract: With the change of work styles, more and more people sit in front of computer desks for a long time. People who keep a sitting posture for more than six hours a day are classified as the sedentary people. For most sedentary people, it is unconscious to sit with a poor sitting posture and hard to correct. Poor sitting posture may lead to harm to the cervical, thoracic and lumbar spines, even to the breathing and digestion system. Therefore, sedentary people should correct their poor sitting posture to keep the spine in a natural bending state, which can avoid the injury of the spine. Wearable sitting posture correction products can effectively correct the sitting posture and relieve the fatigue of the waist and back. Currently, the main wearable sitting correction products in the market are posture correction belts. However, wearing a traditional posture correction belt with strong sense of bondage for a long period would possibly cause excessive posterior extension of the shoulder joint and lumbar spine. In addition, the development of science and technology promotes the innovation of smart sitting posture correction garments. The core of such products is a smart posture correction system, while the style, structure and correction function of the sitting posture correction garment itself are neglected.
Based on ergonomics and garment material science, we developed a sitting posture adjustment vest that can correct the sitting posture of the sedentary people. Different from traditional posture correction belts, the sitting posture adjustment vest consists of an external vest and an internal correction belt in structure. The internal correction belt is divided into the body restraint and shoulder elastic area based on specific functions. In the body restraint area, there are lots of small holes on the scapula to increase the breathability. And the bionic cartilage strip on the back waist can support the waist and relieve fatigue. In the shoulder elastic area, two elastic straps are set separately on the two sides of the shoulder and avoid the underarm part, which decreases the binding sensation of the armpit. Additionally, different functional areas are matched with different clothing fabrics to improve the wearable comfort. All of the fabrics selected have great moisture-absorbing and breathable performance. Through the use of Velcro, buckles and snaps, the sitting posture adjustment vest has a good adjustable function and is easy to put on and take off. In this study, five female subjects were invited to participate in the experiment of human wearing to test and evaluate the thermal and humidity comfort and the sitting posture reclamation function of the sitting posture adjustment vest. Measurements include physiological indicators and a subjective questionnaire. During the experiment of thermal and humidity comfort evaluation, subjects were required to keep sitting for 30 min and fill out the subjective evaluation questionnaire every 10 min. The temperature and humidity of the four marked points of the vest were recorded with an interval of 1 min. As for the evaluation of sitting posture adjustment function, we observed and measured the change in the curve of the human back and the angle of the body surface. And the subjects needed to fill out the subjective evaluation questionnaire for sitting adjustment performance. The measurement results show that the vest has favorable thermal and humidity comfort. For subjects sitting still at a temperature of 23 ℃ and a relative humidity of 60%, the local surface temperature under the clothing increases at first and stabilizes below 32.5 ℃ after 5 min while the humidity decreases with a change range of 6.6%-9.5%. The mean temperature of the back is 1.12 ℃ higher than that of the waist because of the better fit between clothing and body. And subjects are not sweating. After wearing the sitting posture adjustment vest, the poor spine shape of subjects is significantly improved and the spine curve is closer to the normal curvature of the human spine. Furthermore, the upper back angle of the subjects wearing the vest significantly decreases while the lower back angle increases. It indicates that the vest has good sitting posture correction performance. According to the results of subjective evaluation, the subjects are basically satisfied with the comfort and correction function of the sitting posture adjustment vest. The sitting posture adjustment vest can meet the needs of wearing for a long time for the sedentary people.
In recent years, there has been increasing attention on the research of smart wearable posture correction products. The sitting posture adjustment vest can provide reference for the design of smart sitting posture correction clothing. Combined with the smart posture correction system that is based on the machine learning algorithm, a smart sitting posture correction garment with both passive correction and warning correction can be developed.
Key words: sitting posture adjustment; sedentary people; poor sitting posture; correction belt; vest design; function clothing; wearing comfort