本刊編輯部
1864年,法國(guó)作家儒勒·凡爾納在其所著的科幻小說(shuō)《地心游記》中,描寫(xiě)了一個(gè)有著大海、蘑菇森林和遠(yuǎn)古巨獸的地下世界,表露了人類對(duì)地球深部奧秘的揣測(cè)想象與強(qiáng)烈好奇。地球有著獨(dú)特的構(gòu)造和物質(zhì)分布,然而人類對(duì)它還知之甚少。一直以來(lái),我們都試圖與地球“對(duì)話”,希望徹底解開(kāi)這個(gè)有46億年歷史的藍(lán)色星球的奧秘。
那么,地球深部,到底蘊(yùn)藏著什么奧秘?現(xiàn)有的科學(xué)研究成果顯示,地下深度2千米以內(nèi)是地下水資源和人類可利用的空間;深度5千米到1萬(wàn)米左右則是能源和資源空間,這里有豐富的油氣、礦產(chǎn)和地?zé)豳Y源,而1萬(wàn)米左右也是目前人類科技可以抵達(dá)的最深處;1萬(wàn)米再往下則是火山爆發(fā)等自然災(zāi)害發(fā)生的空間。
事實(shí)上,迄今為止,人類發(fā)展所需的資源都來(lái)自于地球。對(duì)地球深部的探索,有益于進(jìn)一步解決人類發(fā)展的資源和能源需求,且從更長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)看,如何預(yù)測(cè)地質(zhì)災(zāi)害、應(yīng)對(duì)全球氣候變暖危機(jī),也需要從塵封在地下的巖石中去尋找答案。而這一切探索都離不開(kāi)地質(zhì)工作。
從新中國(guó)成立初期,到改革開(kāi)放后的幾十年,地質(zhì)工作和礦業(yè)開(kāi)發(fā)不僅支撐起工業(yè)和國(guó)防建設(shè),而且有力地保障了國(guó)家現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)對(duì)能源資源的巨大需求。地質(zhì)工作的基礎(chǔ)性、公益性、戰(zhàn)略性、先行性,決定了地質(zhì)工作之于國(guó)家安全、經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展、民生福祉的重要性。
山東省是中國(guó)近代地質(zhì)工作開(kāi)展最早的省份之一。自19世紀(jì)末開(kāi)始,中外地質(zhì)學(xué)家就涉足山東,迄今山東地質(zhì)工作已經(jīng)跨越了一個(gè)多世紀(jì)。礦產(chǎn)資源是經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的重要物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ),幾代地質(zhì)工作者經(jīng)過(guò)艱辛努力,在山東發(fā)現(xiàn)和評(píng)價(jià)了一大批重要的礦產(chǎn)資源,積累了極為珍貴和豐富的地質(zhì)勘查成果資料。
其中,金礦資源是最重要的戰(zhàn)略性礦產(chǎn)資源之一。近年來(lái),山東省積極開(kāi)展金礦深部探測(cè)工作,目前已探明膠西北35千米深部重要地質(zhì)體結(jié)構(gòu),并在焦家金礦帶深部近3千米處探獲了迄今中國(guó)埋藏最深的、厚達(dá)25米的金礦體。這背后是一支“英雄地質(zhì)隊(duì)”,1958年成立至今,山東省地質(zhì)礦產(chǎn)勘查開(kāi)發(fā)局第六地質(zhì)大隊(duì)鉆探進(jìn)尺達(dá)到500萬(wàn)米,相當(dāng)于鉆透了600多個(gè)珠穆朗瑪峰,累計(jì)查明黃金資源量2810多噸,占膠東地區(qū)已探明儲(chǔ)量的二分之一,約占全國(guó)已探明黃金資源量的五分之一。
除了第六地質(zhì)大隊(duì),在齊魯大地上,還駐扎著聞名全國(guó)的“索道大王”地質(zhì)一隊(duì)、發(fā)現(xiàn)中國(guó)第一個(gè)具有工業(yè)價(jià)值的金剛石原生礦的地質(zhì)七隊(duì)、濟(jì)南泉水保護(hù)功臣八〇一隊(duì)、干熱巖科學(xué)鉆探全國(guó)最深紀(jì)錄創(chuàng)造者水文二隊(duì)……正是山東省地質(zhì)礦產(chǎn)勘查開(kāi)發(fā)局幾代地質(zhì)人矢志不渝,接力奮斗,執(zhí)著勘查,沉睡在地下的寶藏,才被一一喚醒。如今,齊魯大地、西部邊疆、“一帶一路”沿線,處處都有山東地質(zhì)人跋山涉水、砥礪前行的身影。
創(chuàng)新決勝未來(lái),改革關(guān)乎國(guó)運(yùn)。而地質(zhì)勘查事業(yè)的發(fā)展,本身就是科技創(chuàng)新的過(guò)程。“十三五”時(shí)期,中國(guó)地質(zhì)科技創(chuàng)新瞄準(zhǔn)國(guó)際地學(xué)前沿,加快發(fā)展,從“三深一土”逐步完善形成以“一核兩深三系”為主體的自然資源重大科技創(chuàng)新戰(zhàn)略。過(guò)去十年,山東地質(zhì)科技成果豐碩,科技領(lǐng)軍人才輩出,先后獲得國(guó)家科學(xué)技術(shù)進(jìn)步獎(jiǎng)二等獎(jiǎng)2項(xiàng)、省部級(jí)一等獎(jiǎng)13項(xiàng),涌現(xiàn)出李四光地質(zhì)科學(xué)獎(jiǎng)獲得者3人、山東省有突出貢獻(xiàn)中青年專家18人、泰山學(xué)者特聘專家2人,這是“創(chuàng)新基因”在不斷傳承的明證。
新時(shí)代賦予了山東地質(zhì)工作新的使命。聚焦城市地質(zhì),助力新舊動(dòng)能轉(zhuǎn)換重大工程,精準(zhǔn)服務(wù)城市地下空間規(guī)劃和開(kāi)發(fā)利用;聚力農(nóng)業(yè)地質(zhì),圍繞鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略,加快農(nóng)業(yè)土地質(zhì)量地質(zhì)調(diào)查,為農(nóng)業(yè)種植結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整、名優(yōu)稀特和綠色農(nóng)產(chǎn)品基地建設(shè)等提供依據(jù);傾力環(huán)境地質(zhì),推動(dòng)生態(tài)環(huán)境治理修復(fù),讓長(zhǎng)島等古老的地質(zhì)公園水清岸綠,一派生態(tài)景象……山東地質(zhì)人以過(guò)硬的技術(shù),義不容辭地扛起自己的責(zé)任,奉獻(xiàn)自己的力量。
曾經(jīng),“上天、入地、下?!笔抢弦淮茖W(xué)家對(duì)21世紀(jì)的夢(mèng)想,而“十四五”規(guī)劃又再次吹響了中國(guó)科學(xué)界向深地進(jìn)軍的集結(jié)號(hào),將入地夢(mèng)融入到強(qiáng)國(guó)夢(mèng)。如今,從地質(zhì)的視角再看山東,這個(gè)山海兼?zhèn)涞氖》荩瑩碛兄鴱?fù)雜多樣的地形、瑰麗多彩的風(fēng)光,而這片富饒美麗的土地之下也蘊(yùn)藏著地質(zhì)人最神秘的向往。
編輯/郭蓓蓓
Explore Imprints of the Earth
The Earth has a unique structure and matter distribution, but it is little known to humans. We have been trying to have a “dialogue”with the Earth, hoping to unlock the secrets of this blue planet with a history of 4.6 billion years.
The existing research results suggest that the scope within an underground depth of 2 kilometers is the space available to humans and groundwater resources; the scope with a depth from 5 to 10 kilometers is the energy and resource space, which abounds in oil & gas, mineral and geothermal resources; the depth of around 10 kilometers is the deepest depth that human science & technology can reach; the scope below the depth of 10 kilometers is the space where earthquakes, volcanic explosions and other natural disasters occur.
From the inception of New China to several decades after the reform and opening-up, geological work and mining exploitation have not only supported industrial and national defense construction, but also effectively guaranteed the huge demand for energy and resources in national modernization.
Shandong was one of the earliest provinces to carry out geological work in modern China. Since the late 19th century, Chinese and foreign geologists have set foot in Shandong. So far, Shandong’s geological work has spanned more than a century. Mineral resources are an important material basis of socioeconomic development. Through several generations of geological workers’ efforts, a large quantity of significant mineral resources have been found and evaluated, and precious and rich geological exploration results have been accumulated in Shandong. Among them, the gold resource is one of the most important strategic mineral resources. In recent years, Shandong has actively carried out the deep exploration of gold deposits, discovered an important geological body structure at a depth of 35 kilometers in the northwest of the Jiaodong Peninsula, and explored China’s deepest-buried gold ore-body with a thickness of 25 meters at a depth of nearly 3 kilometers in the Jiaojia gold mineralization belt.