昆蟲末日

廣東 譙 麗

Nowadays,a sharp reduction in insect populations around the world,a so-called“insect apocalypse”(昆蟲末日）,has caused a widespread concern.Recently,a study has found that insect numbers have decreased by half in some parts of the world due to climate change and intensive agriculture.In this latest study,the researchers gathered data on the range and number of nearly 20,000 insect species,including bees,ants,butterflies,grasshoppers and dragonflies,at about 6,000 different locations.The study shows that in areas with high-intensity（高強度）agriculture and substantial（顯著的）warming,insect numbers have plunged by 49%and the number of different species has dropped by 27%,compared with relatively untouched places that have so far avoided the most severe impacts of climate change.

According to researchers,the combined pressures of global heating and farming are driving a significant decline of insects across the globe.Losing insect populations could be harmful not only to the natural environment,but also to human health and food security,particularly with losses of pollinators（傳粉者）.

So it is high time that we should take action to prevent insects from decreasing.First of all,it may be helpful to carefully manage agricultural areas,such as preserving natural habitats near farmland and slowing the expansion of high-intensity agriculture,which may ensure that vital insects can still thrive.What's more,it will be beneficial to cut our emission（排放）to weaken climate change.Last but not least,we need to acknowledge how important insects are for the environment as a whole,and for human health and well-being,in order to address the threats that we pose to them before many species are lost forever.

Activity A Reading for understanding

Ⅰ.Text-centered chunks

cause a widespread concern 引起廣泛的關(guān)注

due to由于

climate change 氣候變化

be harmful to 對……是有害的

prevent sb(from)doing sth 阻止某人做某事

preserve natural habitats 保護自然棲息地

cut emission 減少排放

pose a threat to 對……構(gòu)成威脅

Ⅱ.Text-centered sentences

1.It is high time that...表虛擬語氣

So it is high time that we should take action to prevent insects from decreasing.因此是我們該采取行動阻止昆蟲減少的時候了。

【點石成金】It is high time that...表示“是該做……的時候了”。從句的謂語動詞常用一般過去式或“should+do”的虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)。其中should 不可省略，time 前不加定冠詞the。

【運用遷移】是我們該立刻采取措施保護地球不被污染的時候了。

2.“It be+形容詞+to do sth”結(jié)構(gòu)中，it充當(dāng)形式主語

It will be beneficial to cut our emission to weaken climate change.減少我們的排放來減緩氣候變化是有益的。

【點石成金】“It is+adj./n.+(for/of sb）+to do ”中的it 作形式主語，真正的主語是to do 不定式，意為“做……對某人來說是……的”。

【運用遷移】通過海洋探索來保護海洋資源對人類來說是很有必要的。

3.定語從句

We need to acknowledge how important insects are for the environment as a whole,and for human health and well-being,in order to address the threats that we pose to them before many species are lost forever.我們需要承認昆蟲對整體環(huán)境以及對人類健康和幸福的重要性，以便在許多昆蟲物種永遠消失之前，應(yīng)對我們給昆蟲造成的威脅。

【點石成金】本句中，that 引導(dǎo)的是一個定語從句，先行詞為threats,在定語從句中充當(dāng)pose的賓語，that可以省略。

【運用遷移】環(huán)境污染是我們?nèi)缃衩媾R的巨大挑戰(zhàn)之一。

Activity B Reading for writing

假定你是李華，最近你校學(xué)生會將組織一次英語演講比賽，請你以“Global warming”為題寫一篇演講稿，內(nèi)容包括：

1.全球氣候變暖的現(xiàn)狀；

2.氣候變暖的原因；

3.你的建議。注意：

開放共享是一項持之以恒的工作，也是一項有意義的工作。未來仍需要堅定不移地堅持服務(wù)第一宗旨，為一流學(xué)科建設(shè)服務(wù)，為學(xué)術(shù)科研服務(wù)，為社會服務(wù)。積極開發(fā)儀器設(shè)備功能，提高測試加工實驗水平，改進共享服務(wù)質(zhì)量，促進學(xué)科交叉滲透，促進人才培養(yǎng)，建立更加暢通的資源共享通道，從而提升儀器設(shè)備使用率和服務(wù)范圍，提高儀器設(shè)備的經(jīng)濟效益和社會效益。圍繞大型儀器設(shè)備開放服務(wù)，實驗室下一步的發(fā)展規(guī)劃主要有以下幾個方面。

1.詞數(shù)80左右；

2.可以適當(dāng)增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫；

3.至少需要使用一個本文中解析過的句式；

4.注意段落內(nèi)的邏輯關(guān)系。

Global warming

My fellow students,

Let's take action now!Thank you!

寫作導(dǎo)引

本次的寫作任務(wù)是寫一篇演講稿，要求學(xué)生介紹全球氣候變暖的現(xiàn)狀、原因以及措施建議，并且至少需要使用虛擬語氣句式、形式主語或定語從句中的一個。這些寫作要求和所給語篇的主題語境是緊密相關(guān)的。我們可以通過整合同主題閱讀材料的內(nèi)容和語言，梳理寫作思路和積累素材。

（一）主題歸納

What is the text mainly about?

（二）結(jié)構(gòu)梳理與內(nèi)容分析

Fill in the blanks with only one word according to the text.

二、素材積累

本文是基于“昆蟲數(shù)量驟減”主題的閱讀和寫作，我們可以通過模仿、學(xué)習(xí)并運用閱讀中的語言表達，如詞塊和句型，積累寫作的語言素材。

（一）介紹現(xiàn)象類的核心表達

1.with the development of economy 隨著經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展

2....has/have caused a widespread concern……已經(jīng)引起了廣泛的關(guān)注

3.No one,regardless of race,religion or nationality,can deny that...無論是什么種族、宗教和國籍，沒有人能夠否認……

4.Recently,...has/have become a hot topic among people.最近，……已經(jīng)成為人們的熱門話題。

5.It is evident that...很明顯的是……

（二）分析原因類的核心表達

1.A number of factors might contribute to the phenomenon.很多因素會導(dǎo)致這種現(xiàn)象。

2.One of the most common causes is that...最普遍的原因之一是……

3.Part of the explanation for it is that...造成它的一部分原因是……

4.One of the factors accounting for this situation is that...導(dǎo)致這種情形的原因之一是……

5.The combined pressures of...and...are driving...……和……的共同壓力正驅(qū)使……

（三）列舉措施類的核心表達

1.It is high time that we should take action to...是我們該采取行動做……的時候了。

2.We have to take effective measures to solve this problem.我們必須采取有效的措施解決這個問題。

3.had better do sth 最好做某事

4.It is better for sb to do sth.某人最好做某事。

5.Doing sth is strongly recommended.強烈建議做某事。

6.It is highly recommended that sb should do sth.強烈建議某人做某事。

7....,which is beneficial/helpful.……是有好處/有幫助的。

三、寫作支架

本次的寫作任務(wù)是寫一篇演講稿，根據(jù)任務(wù)的要求，語篇結(jié)構(gòu)可定位為“現(xiàn)狀+原因+措施建議”。文章的框架如下：

It is a great honor to have the chance to share my view on...Recently,...(現(xiàn)狀分析)

The major reasons are...(原因)

So it is high time that we should take effective measures to...First,...In addition,...(措施建議)

四、語篇過手

根據(jù)以上提供的主題、主題表達和語篇結(jié)構(gòu)，寫出一篇演講稿。第一段描述全球氣候變暖的現(xiàn)象，第二段分析原因，第三段給出措施建議。總詞數(shù)控制在80左右。

同時，學(xué)習(xí)運用前文閱讀中出現(xiàn)的虛擬語氣句式、形式主語或定語從句。尤其要注意表達的內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系，需要注意使用恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞。