Unit 6 Earth first

Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas

基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練

單詞拼寫 根據(jù)首字母或漢語提示，用本部分所學(xué)單詞的正確形式填空。

1. It s me to think I was alone in the building at night.

2. F， no one was hurt in this earthquake.

3. It’s better for you to keep a positive a toward life.

4. He was standing by a pool and about to d in.

5. The climate change might be one of the causes of the e of dinosaurs.

6. The enemy must have made full preparation for the （攻擊）.

7. Some people were afraid of swimming in the sea because of （鯊魚）.

8. David watched her car until it （消失） from view.

9. The fast-food industry continues to （把……作為目標(biāo)） young people.

10. The weather last winter was （糟糕的）.

選詞填空 用方框中所給短語填空。

refer to due to be scared of cut off rather than

1. The success was largely the hard work of their team.

2. We were having our English lesson when suddenly the electricity supply .

3. If you don’t know the meaning of the word， you may the dictionary.

4. The factory needed better management more money.

5. Don’t asking for help when you are in trouble.

課文語法填空

The 1975 film Jaws tells the story of a great white shark which attacks and kills swimmers. It? （strength） people’s long-held idea of the great white shark as a dangerous animal.

People have always been scared of sharks， but Jaws made things （bad）. Some people stopped swimming in the sea， afraid of the horrible creature from the film. Other people started fishing for sharks， （kill） as many as they could. At that time， nobody （care） if sharks were killed， or how many were killed.

After 1975， number of large sharks around America fell quickly. This was not only due? fear of sharks， but also finning. Finning is a type of fishing where sharks （catch） and their fins are cut off. Finning kills millions of sharks a year.

In 1980， Benchley， the man wrote the book the film Jaws was based on， was diving when he came across an awful sight. The sea floor was covered with dead sharks， rather than the other way round. From that day on， he fought （protect） sharks.

Fortunately， not everyone who watched the film became afraid of sharks—some became interested in understanding them. Today， as we learn more about sharks， more people than ever want to protect them extinction.

1. ? 2. ? 3. ? 4. ? 5.

6. ? 7. ?8. ? 9. ? 10.

閱讀理解

According to the wildlife trade monitoring organization—TRAFFIC， about one million pangolins （穿山甲） were killed from 2000 through 2013， mainly for their scales （鱗片）， which are used in medicine. Pangolins are sensitive creatures and picky eaters that only eat certain kinds of ants， a diet that’s very difficult to copy in the food chain.

“In the last decade， there’s been a huge growth trade in pangolins between continents， especially their scales，” says Dan Challender， chair of the pangolin specialist group. Previously， most pangolin killing happened within Asia， he says. This change means that Asian pangolins are becoming difficult to find but that the value of the scales makes it worth the extra cost to take pangolins from Africa to Asia secretly.

All eight types of pangolins， four in Africa and four in Asia， are in danger of extinction due to the illegal trade. International trade in the four types of Asian pangolins has been banned （禁止） since 2000. In the past few years， a ban on international commercial trade in all eight types has gone into effect. It was voted by 183 governments that are parties to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species （CITES）， which is in charge of cross-border trade in wild animals and their parts.

Pangolins are eaten as bushmeat in western and central Africa and by some local groups in South and Southeast Asia. Their parts also are used in Ghana， Nigeria， South Africa， and elsewhere in sub-Saharan Africa as traditional medicine. But they are now endangered. Perhaps no pangolins can be seen when our next generation grow up.

1. What can we learn about pangolins from Paragraph 1？

A. Their meat is very delicious.?????????????????????????? B. They are killed for their scales.

C. They eat all kinds of ants.?????????????????????????????? D. They are on the top of the food chain.

2. Why are pangolins brought from Africa to Asia？

A. They are cheaper in Africa.???????????????????????????? B. No laws protect them in Africa.

C. People in Asia can really save them.????????????? D. They are rare in Asia now.

3. What does Paragraph 3 mainly tell us about pangolins？

A. They have many different types.???????????????????? B. The bans on their trade are worthwhile.

C. Governments have tried to protect them.??????? D. People trade them in different ways.

4. What’s the author’s attitude towards pangolins’ future？

A. Positive.??????????????????? B. Uncaring.????????????????? C. Concerned.???????????????? D. Confident.

閱讀七選五

Some 8 million tons of non-recyclable plastic end up in the ocean each year. At an alarming rate， the seas may have more plastic than fish by the middle of the century.

Require a global solution to a global problem. The developed countries and most of developing countries show their leadership in this process by setting goals， encouraging other member states， and offering support for poor countries.

________3________Although they are helpful to protect clean water and air， as it is known， non-recyclable plastic is widely used in the markets. Therefore， non-recyclable plastic still can be bought in our daily life. Its disappearance needs much more time and efforts.

Pay more attention to the new studies on plastic and technologies. Some of researchers are aiming to make replacements for plastic. For example， “interceptors” can remove river pollution before it reaches the ocean.

Expect more responsibility from manufacturers （制造商）. As a start they should be encouraged to simplify complex packaging. And their working with world governments will support poorer nations to improve waste collection and landfill （垃圾場） management.

The world doesn’t have enough time in trying to solve the problem. The sooner these efforts start， the better.

A. Strengthen the connection between countries.

B. Nearly 200 countries agreed to ban plastic pollution.

C. Others are doing more research on new technologies.

D. Establish production limits for non-recyclable plastic.

E. Thus， it’s necessary to take direct action to stop that.

F. They are well aware of how to reduce the harms their products cause.

G. They should care about different laws on plastic use in the poorer countries.

1. ? 2. ? 3. ? 4. ? 5.

Section Ⅱ Using language

單句語法填空 在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

1. He （devote） all his collections to helping the homeless children.

2. She spent too much time in preparing for her tomorrow’s （present）.

3. Our school （adopt） a new teaching method recently.

4. Our body requires a continuous supply food and water.

5. No one had been able to escape the （cruel） of war at that time.

6. Hundreds of buildings （damage） due to the severe earthquake.

7. Don’t （affect） by her words. She’s just lying.

8. This creature’s tail will grow again if it is cut .

9. Wearing a mask can prevent you from the （infect）.

10. There’s much we can do to protect sharks extinction.

完成句子 根據(jù)漢語提示，結(jié)合本單元所學(xué)語法完成句子。

1. 當(dāng)我回到辦公室時，我發(fā)現(xiàn)我的桌子被搬走了。

When I returned to my office， I .

2. 所有問題解決后，他開始考慮旅行。

， he began to think of a journey.

3. 他們離開了，留下我一個人解決剩下的所有問題。

They left， all the rest of work.

4. 由于建了這座橋，這兩個村莊現(xiàn)在被連了起來。

With ， the two villages are connected now.

5. 因為急需講義，所以工人們讓機(jī)器運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)了一整天。

The papers were in great need， so the workers all day long.

句子合寫 用現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞合并下列句子。

1. She found the tall man with beard. He was involved in the accident.

2. As soon as we entered the hall， we saw a man on the stage. He was playing the piano.

3. We had no difficulty finding the little boy’s house. The little boy was leading the way.

4. When I came into the classroom this morning， I found him. He was reading a novel.

5. The young man was caught by the police. He was stealing a car.

完形填空

Both in their seventies， Tububatu and his wife Taoshengchagan live in a village near Badain Jaran， Inner Mongolia. They’ve been spending every day since they retired in 2002 against sandstorm （沙塵暴）. Before Tububatu others had tried but . He just wanted to make a difference. He started by just 50 trees a year， but kept doubling his to the point where he now plants thousands of trees a year.

The retired couple have been slowly growing their little desert forest at their own ， so that they live a very life. Even though they mostly plant drought-resistant （抗旱的） types like sacsaoul trees and desert cistanche， they still make sure to them at least once a day to make them grow .

Although they have been by some neighbors who think their efforts are to fail， they haven’t given up. Over the last 19 years， the couple have planted over 266 hectares of desert and have no of stopping.

Besides the spread of the desert， Tububatu is also making a living by planting， as the desert cistanche is a（n） medicinal plant that can sell for up to 100 yuan per kilogram.

For nearly 20 years， Tububatu and his wife have been hard in the process and they have planted over 70，000 trees， more than 1 million yuan of their savings. The conditions have weakened their health and they look than they actually are， but they refuse to abandon （放棄） their battle against the .

The couple have received several and honors from the government over the years， becoming a good for all environmentalists.

1. A. charging??????????????????? B. warning???????????????????? C. fighting????????????????????? D. voting

2. A. changed???????????????????? B. finished???????????????????? C. failed????????????????????????? D. disappeared

3. A. growing???????????????????? B. buying?????????????????????? C. keeping????????????????????? D. protecting

4. A. ideas????????????????????????? B. efforts??????????????????????? C. dreams?????????????????????? D. difficulties

5. A. expense??????????????? ???? B. risk??????????????????????????? C. time??????????????????????????? D. convenience

6. A. comfortable????????????? B. quiet????????????????????????? C. happy???????????????????????? D. simple

7. A. cut???????????????????????????? B. cover???????????????????????? C. water????????????????????????? D. replace

8. A. equally????????????????????? B. quickly????????????????????? C. naturally??????????????????? D. healthily

9. A. cheered up???????????????? B. laughed at????????????????? C. turned down?????????????? D. taken in

10. A. ready?????????????????????? B. sure??????????????????????????? C. early???? ??????????????? ????? D. final

11. A. plans??????????????????????? B. hopes???????????????????????? C. chances????????????????????? D. ways

12. A. stressing????????????????? B. improving???????????????? C. slowing????????????????????? D. following

13. A. cheap?????????????????????? B. ordinary???????????????????? C. useless?????????????????????? D. popular

14. A. working?????????????????? B. planting???????????????????? C. urging??????????????????????? D. earning

15. A. losing????????????????????? B. spending??????????????????? C. wasting????????????????????? D. collecting

16. A. special???????????????????? B. strange?????????????????????? C. different???????????????????? D. terrible

17. A. taller??????????????????????? B. dirtier??????????????????????? C. thinner?????????????????????? D. older

18. A. village???????????????????? B. desert???????????????????????? C. neighbor???????????????????? D. environment

19. A. cards??????????????????????? B. letters??????????????????????? C. prizes???????????????????????? D. reviews

20. A. model????????????????????? B. role??????????????????????????? C. family??????????????????????? D. lesson

語法填空

The population of the earth is increasing very fast. Humans must make the earth support the increasing population. This has made it necessary for agriculture and industry （develop） rapidly.

Such a rapid development produces more and more waste， goes into water， soil or air. When there （be） too much waste， it will do great harm to the environment and people.

When farmers add fertilizer （肥料） the soil to make plants grow better， or use pesticide （殺蟲劑） to kill pests， they will go into the soil or the surrounding air. Even （bad）， they may go into the grain （谷物）. When （bird）， fish or people eat the grain， drink the water or breath the air， harm will be done to their health.

The air in some cities is polluted because of the pollution from cars factories. Millions of tons of poisonous gases are sent into the air with smoke. In some places， only a few factories get the smoke （clean） before it goes into the air.

（fortunate）， people are beginning to realize just how serious the whole situation is. In many countries， laws have been made to prevent factories （send） out poisonous gases. More and more people are taking action to protect the environment.

1. ? 2. ? 3. ? 4. ? 5.

6. ? 7. ? 8. ? 9. ? 10.

短文改錯

Natural disasters often come unexpectedly， killed many people and destroying countless homes. But what on earth lead to natural disasters？ Of course， natural change plays an unique and important role. However， now people are aware of that we humans are partly responsible for them， which have done something harmful to the earth. We cut down too many trees in the forests so far. Better still， we have badly polluted the environment. Considering the great damages caused by us， we should take action as soon as possibly to protect our environment. Besides， we must keep calm and try to save us and help others when disasters happen.

Section Ⅲ Developing ideas

單詞填空 用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。

1.He continued to work there for almost 50 years， his life to his research work. His to the job is worth praising. （devote）

2. He has a deep for his old friend whose speech him deeply. （affect）

3.The machine in this house cost too much . （electricity）

4.The company is making great efforts at cost ， because the price of their products have been by 20%. （reduce）

5.Weather ， we will go hiking tomorrow. If you want to go with us， you need to get your parents’ . （permit）

6.The painting was by the family to the museum. Visitors will be admitted on of their own ID card. （present）

7.John is that he haven’t seen his daughter for hours. There is a for her safety. （concerned）

8.Although it’s not a severe ， I don’t want you to be . （infect）

9.Yesterday the captain that the mission should be finished before afternoon. （urge）

10.To protect the environment， he everything that is in his daily life. （reuse）

單句表達(dá) 根據(jù)括號內(nèi)提示翻譯句子。

1.他們在這個項目上投入了大量的精力。（a large amount of）

2.當(dāng)你去旅游時，首先要考慮天氣。（take... into account）

3.要經(jīng)過幾個月才能適應(yīng)大學(xué)生活。（It takes... to...）

4.這棵樹是那棵樹的三倍高。（倍數(shù) + as… as…）

5.應(yīng)采取一切可能的方法來保護(hù)河流免受污染。（protect... from...）

提示寫作

選用所給詞匯或句型造句并組成一段連貫的短文（80詞左右）。

damage reduce in order to be good for

take... into account It’s better to... We are writing this letter to...

閱讀理解

According to new studies， many birds in the Amazon rainforest have become smaller as temperatures have increased. The difference hasn’t been obvious， but it has been significant enough that some scientists have suggested it’s a universal response to climate change.

But new research finds that the body size reductions aren’t happening across the board with some large-brained birds having much less significant changes.

For the study， researchers studied some data on about 70，000 birds that had died when they crashed into buildings in Chicago from 1978 to 2016. They added data on brain volume and lifespan （壽命） for 49 of the 52 types of migratory birds （候鳥） in the original study.

They found that birds with very large brains had reductions in overall body size that were about one third of the reductions noted in birds with smaller brains. They thought that in birds， the types with big brains are the ones that build tools， manage to survive in tough environments， live longer， invest more time and energy into raising babies， and end up surviving better in the wild.

Researchers aren’t certain exactly how warmer temperatures might lead to smaller body size in birds， but they are considering two possible explanations， which could even be happening at the same time. First， natural selection might be favoring birds that can heat better. This is because smaller birds have higher ratios （比例） of surface area to volume， so being small can help birds stay cool. Second， warmer summers might have less food available for birds at the time when they are feeding their babies. In that case， birds might be getting smaller because of lack of food over the years.

The findings don’t suggest that climate change is having zero impact on bigger-brained birds， but researchers believe these findings can inform us of climate change and help set conservation priorities.

1. How does climate change affect birds？

A. Their body size become smaller.??????????????????? B. Their brain size become bigger.

C. Their body temperature rises.???????????????????????? D. Their lifespan shortens.

2. How did the scientists do the research？

A. By studying the bird data.?????????????????????????????? B. By observing the birds dying.

C. By studying the bird death rate.????????????????????? D. By illustrating the bird species.

3. Which word can best replace the underlined word “dissipate” in Paragraph 5？

A. Use.?????????????????????????? B. Hold.???????????????????????? C. Absorb.????????????????????? D. Lose.

4. What can be the best title for the text？

A. Birds’ Body Sizes Are Different???????????????????? B. Brain Size Matters for Birds

C. Climate Changes Sharply??????????????????????????????? D. Temperature Rises Globally

About 20 years ago， some 15，000 red pandas wandered the treetops of the Himalaya forests in South Asia. But with the large number of people entering their living places， these shy and solitary （獨(dú)處的） creatures can’t meet each other and reproduce. Now the population has fallen by more than 50 percent.

To save the red pandas here， Lama and his research team need to know which parts of the forests the remaining pandas are living in. That’s where the tracking devices come in. “Mapping the path they travel will let us know which areas of the forest need to be reforested to connect the most red pandas to one another，” Lama says.

Because red pandas can be hard to spot and catch， no one had ever used GPS collars （頸圈） to study them in the wild. But Lama and his team had a great plan. They first would make sure the animals would be comfortable wearing the collars. So， they tested the collars on two red pandas in a local zoo. “We persuade them to let us measure their necks and fit them with the collars by letting them choose a reward—grapes， apples， or bananas，” Lama says.

Then came the next challenge： catching red pandas. Once they spotted a red panda， a team of vets set up a tall， fence-like tarp （油布） around the base of the tree with a box trap （陷阱） at the bottom. That way when the red panda climbed down the tree surrounded by the tarp， it had no choice but to enter the trap. It was then quickly controlled， collared and released.

From September to December 2019， the team trapped 10 red pandas—six females and four males. Their collars recorded their location every two hours and sent the information to researchers once a day. Over the next year， the team tracked the red pandas’ movements so that they identified where to plant new forests and helped red pandas meet more easily.

5. What has led to the reduction of red pandas in South Asia？

A. Their normal lives are badly influenced.??????? B. They aren’t adapted to living in groups.

C. Their ability to reproduce is weakened.????????? D. They try to avoid meeting each other.

6. Why did the research team track the movements of red pandas？

A. To study their living behaviors.????????????????????? B. To protect them from hunters.

C. To know where to plant forests.????????????????????? D. To find if they can often meet.

7. How did the research team get red pandas to wear collars？

A. By offering them treats. ???????????????????????????????? B. By measuring their necks.

C. By setting tarps.?????????????????????????????????????????????? D. By using traps.

8. What does the text mainly talk about？

A. The falling population of red pandas.???????????? B. The clever way to keep track of red pandas.

C. The research on red pandas’ reproduction.???? D. The way of building living places for red pandas.

完形填空

My love for animals began through watching wildlife documentaries when I was a kid. I went on to Environmental Science at university， and became in marine （海洋的） biology when I did my PhD at the University of Hong Kong. That’s when I that there was a possibility to do more for Hong Kong.

I was very lucky to Ms Claire Nouvian when I graduated from my PhD in 2009. At that time， Claire was another non-profit organization， BLOOM Hong Kong， after founding the Bloom Association in France a few years before， and she me to work on promoting marine conservation （保護(hù)）. We do this mainly by being research-focused， arousing public ， and trying to fill knowledge . We then share our information with frontline officer， such as fishery managers and customs officers， to help them how important their role is in implementing （貫徹執(zhí)行） regulations to the wildlife trade， and suggestions on how to make implementation work more .

We are still a city in love with and Hong Kong has the second highest annual seafood in Asia—but consumers are aware of where their seafood comes from and which kinds are .

With the marine ecosystem already ， the greatest threat （威脅） is continued ignorance and inaction. We humans have been a part of the problem， but now it is time for us to show that we can also be a part of the . If each person around us their part—even for just one meal a day， Hong Kong would already be on its way to making great towards sustainable seafood consumption （消費(fèi)）.

1. A. prove???????????????????????? B. choose?????????????????????? C. study????????????????????????? D. observe

2. A. interested????????????????? B. skilled?????????????????????? C. careful????????????????????? ? D. experienced

3. A. learned????????????????????? B. realized???????????????????? C. urged????????????????????????? D. admitted

4. A. meet????????????????????????? B. help?????????????????????????? C. guide????????????????????????? D. affect

5. A. looking into????????????? B. leaving for???????????????? C. working for??????????????? D. setting up

6. A. invited?????????????????????? B. followed??????????????????? C. reminded??????????????????? D. took

7. A. response??????????????????? B. memory???????????????????? C. concern????????????????????? D. worry

8. A. funds???????????????????????  B. forms???????????????????????? C. levels???????????????????????? D. gaps

9. A. understand??????????????? B. consider???????????????????? C. inform??????????????????????? D. announce

10. A. ask?????????????????????????? B. tell???????????????????????????? C. accept???????????????????????? D. offer

11. A. careful???????????????????? B. popular????????????????????? C. productive????????????????? D. admirable

12. A. wildlife?????????????????? B. seafood????????????????????? C. trade?????????????????????????? D. health

13. A. business????????????????? B. consumption???????????? C. campaign?????????????????? D. donation

14. A. hardly?????????? ?????????? B. simply?????????????????????? C. exactly?????????????????????? D. fully

15. A. saved?????????????????????? B. reduced????????????????????? C. killed????????????????????????? D. threatened

16. A. complete???????????????? B. hopeless??????????????????? C. weak?????????????????????????? D. promising

17. A. unique???????????????????? B. significant???????????????? C. useless?????????????????????? D. protective

18. A. solution?????????????????? B. conclusion???????????????? C. plan??????????????????????????? D. development

19. A. votes??????????????????????? B. sorts?????????????????????????? C. plays????????????????????????? D. limits

20. A. budget??? B. connection?? C. currency?????? D. progress

Writing

話題表達(dá)指導(dǎo)

話題介紹

話題：本單元的寫作話題是勸導(dǎo)性的書信寫作。寫作時，要清晰地點(diǎn)出寫作目的，并給出充分的理由勸說對方。理由要合情合理，用詞要得體，既要委婉禮貌，又要有說服力。

建議體裁：應(yīng)用文。

注意事項：明確倡議信的“三段式”結(jié)構(gòu)：

1. 點(diǎn)明寫信的目的；

2. 分析原因。要有理有據(jù)，力求客觀、真實、有說服力。語氣要委婉、中肯，用詞要得體；

3. 重申自己的建議，禮貌結(jié)束全文。

題例導(dǎo)學(xué)

題目

假定你是某學(xué)校學(xué)生會主席李華，在世界環(huán)境日（6月5日）到來之際，請你代表學(xué)生會用英語寫一封倡議信向全校師生發(fā)出環(huán)保倡議。內(nèi)容包括：

1. 說明環(huán)保的重要性；

2. 具體措施；

3. 倡議行動。

注意：

1. 詞數(shù)100左右；

2. 可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫；

3. 開頭和結(jié)尾已經(jīng)給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。

思路引導(dǎo)1 要點(diǎn)分析

1. 保護(hù)環(huán)境的重要性：環(huán)境遭到破壞后產(chǎn)生的變化和這些變化帶給我們的警示；

2. 具體措施：不亂扔垃圾、綠色出行、節(jié)約資源、資源循環(huán)利用等；

3. 倡議行動：表達(dá)自己的期望以及號召大家行動起來。

思路引導(dǎo)2 本單元語言知識運(yùn)用

根據(jù)漢語意思及提示翻譯句子。

1. 我們的地球受到嚴(yán)重污染，全球變暖導(dǎo)致了極端天氣。（severely， global warming）

2.所有的這些現(xiàn)象都在警示我們，保護(hù)環(huán)境正變得越來越緊迫。（All of these warned us that…）

3. 我們應(yīng)該有環(huán)保意識。絕不隨地亂扔垃圾。（drop litter carelessly）

4. 當(dāng)我們外出時，我們可以選擇步行或騎自行車。（when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句）

5. 讓地球變得更好是我們的責(zé)任。（It is… to…）

思路引導(dǎo)3 連句成篇

Dear schoolmates，

Student Union

范例展示

Dear schoolmates，

In the past several years， our earth has been severely polluted and global warming has led to extreme weather. All of these warned us that protecting the environment is becoming urgent.

As students， we can still do something. Firstly， we should have environmental awareness. Never drop litter carelessly. What’s more， let’s live a green lifestyle. When we go out， we can choose to walk or ride a bike. Public transportation is also a good choice. Last but not least， try to persuade people around you to protect the environment.

It’s our duty to make the earth better. Let’s take action now.

Student Union

話題表達(dá)

假定你是高一學(xué)生李華，你校英語報的“Green Life”欄目現(xiàn)向全校師生征稿。請你以“減緩全球變暖，共創(chuàng)美好家園”為主題，用英語寫一封倡議信并投稿。內(nèi)容包括：

1. 全球變暖的影響；

2. 減緩全球變暖的生活方式；

3. 表達(dá)期待。

注意：

1. 詞數(shù)100左右；

2. 可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫；

3. 開頭和結(jié)尾已經(jīng)給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。

Dear fellow students，

As we all know， human activity has caused severe global warming.

Li Hua

Section Ⅳ Presenting ideas

核心短語與句型回顧

短語

1. 由于，因為

2.be // of… 害怕……

3. 在恐懼中

4. cut 切斷

5. 偶然遇到

6. the other way 恰好相反

7. 錯誤地

8. have an effect 對……有影響

9. 瞄準(zhǔn)

10. get in 涉及，卷入

11. 未經(jīng)許可

12. be reduced … 減少了……

13.have an impact 對……有?影響

14. the of 大多數(shù)

15. a large of 許多，大量

16.… 把……考?慮進(jìn)去

17. be concerned 為……擔(dān)憂

18. contribute 有助于；促進(jìn)

19. 平均

20. 提出；想出

21. depend 依靠；取決于

22. turn 關(guān)閉

句型

1. 現(xiàn)在分詞（短語）做結(jié)果狀語

was a great success， （吸引了大批觀眾） and winning many awards.

2. 形容詞（短語）做狀語

Some people stopped swimming in the sea， （因為害怕那種可怕的生物） from the film.

3. 完全倒裝句

（今天和我一起的是林峰）， a staff member working here.

4. be to do結(jié)構(gòu)

Our job （是保護(hù)和恢復(fù)） the natural environment.

5. It takes… to do…

（需要幾百年的時間） for plastic to break down.

6. 倍數(shù) + as… as…

However， making a paper bag uses （四倍的能量） making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water.

7. It be… that…（強(qiáng)調(diào)句）

（是食物的生產(chǎn)）， not its transport， that uses most of the energy and produces most of the greenhouse gases.

開放式表達(dá)

請根據(jù)提示，運(yùn)用本單元核心知識就關(guān)于“倡議環(huán)?！钡闹黝}，談?wù)勀愕目捶ā?/p>

提示：需用以下句型。

1. The biggest problem is…

2. In order to… we propose that…

3. We are glad to see that…