篇首語

吳春花 《建筑技藝》（AT）執(zhí)行主編

關(guān)于建筑設(shè)計(jì)與結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)的實(shí)現(xiàn)、融合與創(chuàng)新呈現(xiàn)，是我們長期以來一直關(guān)注的建筑學(xué)話題。不僅有每年一度的《結(jié)構(gòu)成就建筑之美》學(xué)術(shù)論壇，2021年10月，《建筑技藝》雜志社與東南大學(xué)、東京工業(yè)大學(xué)、華東建筑設(shè)計(jì)研究院有限公司在線上共同舉辦了“2021結(jié)構(gòu)建筑學(xué)研究國際學(xué)術(shù)論壇”，以“建筑與結(jié)構(gòu)的融合創(chuàng)新”為主題，來自中國、日本、歐洲各國的學(xué)者和設(shè)計(jì)師從教學(xué)、研究、創(chuàng)作方面分享了他們的經(jīng)驗(yàn)與見解。

依托這次學(xué)術(shù)論壇，我們特別組織了本期專題，希望從“對(duì)話”這一角度強(qiáng)調(diào)建筑與結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系，重新審視結(jié)構(gòu)在建筑學(xué)中的地位，評(píng)估建筑對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)創(chuàng)新的影響。此次的“對(duì)話”體現(xiàn)在多重層面，歐洲學(xué)者以更廣泛的可持續(xù)視角對(duì)數(shù)字等建筑設(shè)計(jì)思潮的反思，愛丁堡大學(xué)安格斯 J.麥克唐納教授從應(yīng)對(duì)當(dāng)前氣候問題的低碳建筑需求角度，探討了數(shù)字化設(shè)計(jì)和建造技術(shù)在建筑設(shè)計(jì)中的應(yīng)用，是否基于物理定律而獲得的建筑形式直接決定了結(jié)構(gòu)的類型和受力的合理性，也直接導(dǎo)向低能源消耗的實(shí)現(xiàn)與否，為當(dāng)下許許多多試圖超越自然而非順應(yīng)自然的設(shè)計(jì)趨勢敲響了警鐘。東南大學(xué)郭屹民老師與華東建筑設(shè)計(jì)研究有限公司結(jié)構(gòu)總工程師周健、東京工業(yè)大學(xué)教授竹內(nèi)徹共同探討兩個(gè)專業(yè)間的對(duì)話方式，一種建筑與結(jié)構(gòu)在形態(tài)層面上的全新的、從實(shí)現(xiàn)到表現(xiàn)的對(duì)話可能，以此窺見中國與日本在這種對(duì)話上的不同觀點(diǎn)和思考。

“對(duì)話”在實(shí)踐層面體現(xiàn)出更重要的意義，金箱溫春從與建筑師合作的季候泥博物館、京都車站中庭、青森美術(shù)館、群馬蟲世界、昭和紀(jì)念公園花與綠文化中心項(xiàng)目中，總結(jié)出三種建筑設(shè)計(jì)與結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)的關(guān)系，即共同推進(jìn)、建筑主導(dǎo)、結(jié)構(gòu)主導(dǎo)。由密集排列的非常規(guī)細(xì)鋼柱架空于場地之上的大天鵝科普館，以創(chuàng)新的“梭形柱+柱帽”撐起七巧板的燕幾之翼趣味空間，脫胎于傳統(tǒng)螺旋藻井的階梯梁結(jié)構(gòu)如同壘筑的積木營造出抱柱樓閱覽大廳頂部的無限蒼穹，轉(zhuǎn)譯傳統(tǒng)建筑營造為斜交網(wǎng)格鋼結(jié)構(gòu)體系的普陀山宗風(fēng)博物館屋架設(shè)計(jì)，復(fù)雜單層網(wǎng)殼的亞青會(huì)主場館，都是建筑師與結(jié)構(gòu)工程師就不同建筑意象的共同精益探索。

在結(jié)構(gòu)建筑學(xué)背景下，我們看到建筑結(jié)構(gòu)在建筑學(xué)及建筑設(shè)計(jì)領(lǐng)域的定位正被不斷討論，建筑師與結(jié)構(gòu)工程師在更多的共識(shí)下對(duì)話，正推進(jìn)著建筑與結(jié)構(gòu)在多元合理性下的一體化融合。

The realization,integration and innovative presentation of architectural and structural design is a long-standing architectural topic for us.Besides the annual academic forum "Architecture and Structure:Build Beauty",we co-organized the "2021 International Academic Symposium on Archi-neering Design Research" together with Southeast University,Tokyo Institute of Technology,and East China Architectural Design and Research Institute (ECADI) in October 2021,focusing on the topic of "the Integrated Innovation of Architecture and Structure",in which scholars and designers from different countries shared their experiences and insights from teaching,research and design.

Based on the academic forum,we organize this issue to highlight the relationship between architecture and structure from the perspective of "dialogue",to re-examine the position of structure in architecture and to assess the impact of architecture on structural innovation.The "dialogue" is multi-faceted.Professor Angus J.Macdonald explores the application of digital design and fabrication technology from the aspect of low-carbon buildings,and sounds the alarm for many projects that try to surpass nature laws.The discussion between Guo Yimin,Zhou Jian and Toru Takeuchi focuses on the dialogue between architecture and structure,opening up a new possibility of dialogue between the two professions.

The "dialogue" has taken on greater significance at a practical level.Yoshiharu Kanebako summarizes the co-promotion,the architecture-led and the structure-led relationship between architectural and structural design.The Swan Science Museum built on the top of the site with a dense arrangement of unconventional thin steel columns,the Wing of Swallow supported by the innovative "shuttle column+column cap" structure,the spiral dome of Baozhu Building derived from the traditional stepped beam structure,the skew spatial grid steel structure of Zongfeng Museum translated from the traditional architecture,and the complex single-layer mesh shell of the Main Stadium of the Asian Youth Games,are all completed by the joint exploration of architects and structural engineers based on different architectural imagery.

In the context of archi-neering,the position of structure in the field of architecture and architectural design is being constantly discussed.The dialogue between architects and structural engineers in greater consensus is advancing the integration of architecture and structure in a pluralistic rationalization.