篇首語(yǔ)

吳春花 《建筑技藝》（AT）執(zhí)行主編

2018年伊始啟動(dòng)的“深圳新校園行動(dòng)計(jì)劃”，作為一項(xiàng)校園空間和公共設(shè)計(jì)管理的創(chuàng)新實(shí)驗(yàn)，吸引眾多優(yōu)秀建筑師參與的同時(shí)，也掀起了一場(chǎng)場(chǎng)高密度校園設(shè)計(jì)的熱烈討論。教育，尤其是基礎(chǔ)教育的公平和優(yōu)質(zhì)合一已成為當(dāng)下教育體制改革之所向。承載基礎(chǔ)教育的建筑空間，究竟怎樣突破效率至上，創(chuàng)造一個(gè)溫馨、有歸屬感的校園，提供更多的空間可能性，為空間注入活力與想象，可以說(shuō)是建筑師們始終追尋的方向。

本期專題特別關(guān)注中小學(xué)基礎(chǔ)教育模式下的空間營(yíng)造，或應(yīng)對(duì)高密度環(huán)境，或回應(yīng)自然景觀，或倡導(dǎo)綠色共享的教學(xué)理念。高目建筑團(tuán)隊(duì)提出的深圳石廈小學(xué)、梅麗小學(xué)、福田中學(xué)、南約二小方案正是對(duì)集約土地條件下的高密度校園空間新范式的一種探討，也看到由數(shù)據(jù)分析生成復(fù)雜空間背后的種種困境。不同于深圳的特殊情況，杭州市濱江區(qū)江南單元小學(xué)及幼兒園以錯(cuò)動(dòng)拼合帶來(lái)新的教室基本單元秩序和游走路徑，營(yíng)造出適合于兒童心理和身體尺度的圍合園景氛圍。青島中學(xué)紅島校區(qū)和嶗山校區(qū)一疏一密，將學(xué)習(xí)空間體系化建構(gòu)、融合于各類室內(nèi)外場(chǎng)所。重慶兩江人民小學(xué)、西南大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)兩江校區(qū)、濰坊歌爾學(xué)校雖規(guī)模不同，都是在順應(yīng)地勢(shì)、聯(lián)結(jié)自然中營(yíng)造生長(zhǎng)于場(chǎng)地中的學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境。位于山地舊城區(qū)的重慶樹(shù)人小學(xué)重建也是一種典型校園項(xiàng)目，在滿足功能與效率之間，空間拓展、交通分流、集約布局、內(nèi)外交融都在重塑空間的活力。同樣，中新天津生態(tài)城34#地塊小學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)也是以集約、高效為主題的校園營(yíng)造，生態(tài)綠谷與上下疊合釋放了空間潛能。還有兩個(gè)相對(duì)低密度的校園案例，四川德陽(yáng)的青衣江路小學(xué)屬于不同于常規(guī)范式的學(xué)校建筑模式，去中心化的設(shè)計(jì)手法創(chuàng)造了水平伸展的教學(xué)區(qū)和生活區(qū)，廣場(chǎng)、庭院、街巷、屋頂平臺(tái)編織成可學(xué)習(xí)可玩樂(lè)的空間網(wǎng)絡(luò)，被抬升到二層的普通教室因?yàn)樘齑芭c光而變得獨(dú)特。蘇州中學(xué)蘇州灣校區(qū)作為傳承老校區(qū)歷史文脈的新校，重在自然意境營(yíng)造中融入“以學(xué)為心”的教學(xué)理念。

在當(dāng)下教育模式改革與現(xiàn)行規(guī)范限制下，不論是否面對(duì)高密度或更高密度的城市環(huán)境，建筑師都在基礎(chǔ)教育空間營(yíng)造上嘗試著諸多突破，也提出了《中小學(xué)校設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范》部分條文的調(diào)整建議，因此為了更豐富的中小學(xué)校園環(huán)境，對(duì)規(guī)范的適度修訂勢(shì)在必行，對(duì)空間的探索也將一直延續(xù)。

As an innovative experiment of campus space and public design management,"Shenzhen New Campus Action Plan" launching at the beginning of 2018 has attracted many excellent architects to participate,and also set off heated discussions on high-density campus design.Education,especially the integration of fairness and quality in elementary education,has become the direction of current education system reform.How to break through the supremacy of efficiency and create a warm campus with a sense of belonging is what architects have been pursuing all along.

We pay special attention to the space construction under the elementary education mode of primary and secondary schools.Shenzhen Shixia Primary School,Meili Primary School,Futian Middle School and Nanyue No.2 Primary School proposed by Atelier GOM is a discussion on the new paradigm of high-density campus space.Jiangnan Unit Primary School and Kindergarten in Hangzhou creates an enclosed garden atmosphere suitable for children's psychological and physical scale.Hongdao and Laoshan Campuses of Qingdao Middle School systematically constructs learning space and integrates into various indoor and outdoor places.Although different in scale,Chongqing Liangjiang People's Primary School,Liangjiang Campus of the High School Affiliated to Southwest University and Weifang Geer School all create learning environment growing in the site by adapting to the terrain and connecting with the nature.The reconstruction of Chongqing Shuren Primary School,located in the old mountainous area,rebuilds the vitality of space by satisfying both function and efficiency.Similarly,Tianjin Eco City Plot 34#Primary School combining ecological green valley and upper and lower layers releases the potential of space.There are also two relatively low-density school cases.Qingyijiang Road Primary School in Deyang,Sichuan is different from the conventional paradigm.The decentralized design method creates horizontal teaching and living areas.Suzhou Bay Campus of Suzhou Middle School focuses on integrating the "learning-centered"teaching concept with the construction of natural artistic conception.

Under the current educational model reform and the current codes,whether or not in the face of high density urban environment,architects are trying many breakthroughs in creating elementary educational space,and putting forward adjustment suggestions to the,so in order to create a more abundant campus environment,it is imperative to moderately revise the current codes and continue the exploration of space.