ABSTRACTS

In 2021, China’s economic development achieved a good start in the “14th Five-Year Plan”, showing strong resilience in manufacturing, exports, private enterprises, and the digital economy. However, economic development is also facing “threefold pressure” of contraction in demand, supply shocks and weak expectations. To achieve the economic and social development goals in 2022, it must follow the spirit of the Central Economic Work Conference, promote fiscal, monetary, employment and other policies, and more scientifically and accurately control the epidemic. The main tasks of economic work in 2022 include nine areas: first is to stabilize macroeconomic performance; second is to stabilize market entities and ensure employment; third is to continue to deepen reform; fourth, in-depth implementation of the innovation-driven development strategy; fifth, firmly implement the strategy of expanding domestic demand; sixth, vigorously grasp agricultural production; seventh is to expand high-level opening up; eighth, continue to improve the ecological environment; ninth is to effectively protect and improve people’s livelihood.

At present, factors such as the COVID-19 epidemic, supply chain disruptions, soaring commodity prices, and supply and demand imbalances have led to a significant rise in inflation rates in the world’s major countries. In a stage of development in the future, it will enter a new stage of long-term association with inflation. This article believes that in 2022, China’s stable growth and the US anti-inflation macroeconomic policies will have a long-term impact, and there will be new changes in which the macroeconomic policies of China and the United States are not synchronized for a long time, the economic cycles of China and the United States are not synchronized, and the roles of China and the United States in providing public goods and safe assets to the world are not synchronized, therefore, it will bring about major and continuous changes in the global debt structure, the international monetary system, and the domestic labor market, thereby triggering gradual changes in the international structure and the world system. No matter how the world changes, doing own thing is always the most important thing. It needs to grasp the opportunity of China’s rejuvenation and building a community of shared future for mankind, and create a new situation; grasp the opportunity of the asynchrony between the Chinese and American economies to provide safe assets to the world; grasp the opportunities of China and America technology asynchronous to promote all-round international scientific and technological cooperation; grasp the opportunities of asynchronous financial development, and adhere to the general direction of finance serving the substantial economy; grasp the development opportunity of population quality dividend to resolve the challenge of aging.

In the context of the current changing international situation and the significant increase in the uncertainty of the world, it must grasp the whole, the overall situation and the essence from the various appearances and find those variables that affect the evolution of the world pattern: The Russian-Ukrainian war is a major variable affecting the current world pattern; the “ sequela ” of the COVID-19 continues to affect the recovery of the world economy; the weak foundation of the world economic recovery is very likely to fall into recession again; high inflation will continue to push up the cost of production and living in some countries; increased financial risks may lead to a global financial crisis; high global debt increases the difficulty of implementing fiscal policy; the risks of global supply chain disruption and supply chain reconstruction are huge; the frequent occurrence of global disasters and the deterioration of the ecological environment pose a major challenge to human survival; political turmoil and profound adjustment and evolution of the geopolitical pattern affect the stability of the international society; The biggest variable affecting the world pattern is still the relationship between China and the United States. The cooperation between the two countries will promote the development of the world economy, while the confrontation between the two countries will have a huge impact on the world economy.

The Digital Economy Partnership Agreement (DEPA) brings new paths, models and opportunities for China to participate in regional and global digital governance. Compared with the US-style digital trade template represented by the USMCA, the US-Japan Digital Trade Agreement, and the e-commerce chapters of regional trade agreements such as the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership, DEPA is more open and inclusive. Focusing on the latest international rules and the development trend of global digital governance, it is necessary for China to apply for DEPA as an opportunity to properly handle the relationship between digital sovereignty, national security and the free flow of cross-border data, and at the same time, and it should make overall consideration and overall design for rules adaptation issues in new technology fields such as non-discriminatory treatment of digital products, sources of Code and algorithms, interactive computer services, location of computing facilities and financial service facilities, open government data, digital services tax, intellectual property and digital asset protection, digital trade dispute settlement mechanisms, new topics, new provisions, artificial intelligence and fintech, which can create favorable conditions for China’s subsequent participation in larger-scale and higher-level regional trade agreements, digital trade agreement negotiations, and global digital governance.

China has promoted the process of industrialization through the industrial subsidy policy. However, with the passage of time, as the international economic and trade rules have higher standards, wider scope and stronger constraints, China’s industrial subsidy policy must be adjusted to adapt to it. In September 2021, China formally applied to join the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP), and the issue of industrial subsidies is one of its focuses. China’s industrial subsidies have the characteristics of wide subsidy coverage and rapid growth, various subsidy methods, and high concentration of industries and enterprises. In order to benchmark CPTPP rules, this paper sorts out the core contents of CPTPP related to industrial subsidy reform and summarizes the main features, including highlighting the problems of state-owned enterprises, expanding the scope of subsidy application, lowering the threshold for damage determination, and improving transparency requirements. On this basis, this paper studies the inconsistency between China’s industrial subsidies and CPTPP and the reasons for their formation, and finally puts forward the main measures for subsidy reform on how to connect with the CPTPP rules.

In 2006, the then Chairman Hu Jintao proposed to build an innovative country at the National Science and Technology Conference, and then, a series of national strategic plans have taken the construction of an innovative country as an important content. The “14th Five-Year Plan” and the outline of the 2035 long-term goals put forward the goal of entering the forefront of innovative countries by 2035. In recent years, my country’s construction of an innovative country has achieved positive results, but it still faces bottlenecks such as weak basic scientific research, poor innovation chain, poor innovation environment, insufficient innovative talents, insufficient innovation vitality, and lagging standards and rules. In the deep adjustment of the international political and economic structure, the United States has normalized its strategic containment of China, and the source of scientific and technological innovation has shifted from oversea to domestic, and in the context of intensified competition in technology, industrial chain, and standards and rules, to achieve the goal of entering the forefront of an innovative country, it is necessary to transform the innovative development model, make up for the shortcomings of basic scientific research, and establish a market application-oriented R&D promotion mechanism, build a layered and collaborative enterprise innovation subject structure, create a scientific research environment with effective incentives and active thinking, carry out high-level international cooperation and innovation, and lay a solid foundation for high-quality development and the construction of a modern country.

In the multi-co-construction pattern of the “Belt and Road”, Chinese personnel stationed abroad and overseas Chinese associations are important social resources that can be tapped. At present, as an important force of Chinese personnel stationed abroad and overseas Chinese associations, the Overseas Chinese Chamber of Commerce, based on its own characteristics and advantages, plays the important role of information hub, collective representative, cooperation platform and image ambassador in the process of participating in the construction of the “Belt and Road”. In the future, it can promote communication and coordination between overseas Chinese chambers of commerce and deepen mutual support between overseas Chinese chambers of commerce and other overseas Chinese associations, strengthen the exchanges between overseas Chinese chambers of commerce and overseas chambers of commerce in related countries, multinational chambers of commerce with multinational members, and other types of chambers of commerce such as the International Chamber of Commerce, optimizing the multiple relationships between overseas Chinese chambers of commerce and the host country government, enterprises and society, as well as coordinating the establishment of a multi-party cooperation mechanism to connect with overseas Chinese chambers of commerce and other aspects to carry out related work, in order to improve the level and ability of overseas Chinese chambers of commerce to cooperate with China’s economic diplomacy, and jointly promote the high-quality development of the “Belt and Road”.

Over the past 20 years since SCO establishment, member States with obvious differences in national conditions, national strength, resource endowments, and economic structures has achieved harmonious coexistence, mutual benefit and win-win, and connectivity has been steadily advanced, economic and trade cooperation has been improved and upgraded, the driving factors are the common aspirations of member states to maintain regional prosperity and stability, the improvement of institutional arrangements for regional economic cooperation, and the joint leadership of the founding powers. At the same time, due to factors such as unclear priority cooperation direction, insufficient mechanism design, and overlapping with other international economic cooperation mechanisms, the SCO economic cooperation also faces prominent problems such as low attention, inconsistent regulatory standards, and low level of facilitation. This paper analyzes and believes that value cognition, institutionalization and geopolitics are important variables that affect the SCO economic cooperation, looking into the future, the SCO’s strengthening of economic cooperation needs to clarify the basic positioning of economic cooperation, establish priority development directions and goals, build institutional arrangements that conform to common interests, and strengthen the role of China-Russia “twin engines”.

The business environment is an inherent requirement for achieving high-quality economic development and a key breakthrough for achieving orderly economic and social development. The business environment is a notable sign of the modernization of the governance system and an important manifestation of the government’s governance capabilities. After expounding the development process of the business environment, this paper sorts out the government governance logic in the optimization of the business environment, and proposes the “macro kinetic energy” and “micro mechanism” in the optimization of the business environment. The macro kinetic energy is mainly based on the interaction between the central government and local governments, emphasizing that the “central and local” game mechanism is an important force in promoting the optimization of the business environment. The micro-mechanism focuses on the specific mechanism of the government’s promotion of the optimization of the business environment, it means that the government strengthens the construction of the public governance system, adheres to the governance goal of putting public interests first, and creates a good ecological pattern of “government-market-society” harmonious coexistence, boosting the business environment optimization. The two-dimensional combination of “macro kinetic energy” and “micro mechanism” means that the government, as the main body of governance, under the drive of macro system design, optimizes the benign interaction pattern of multi-subjects by creating multiple governance mechanisms in specific governance practices, so as to provide building a high-quality business environment provides sufficient optimization momentum.

Today’s world is undergoing complex and profound changes. As an important part of a country’s soft power and a source of ideas, think tanks are constantly innovating with the development of the economy and society, the emergence of emerging technologies and the transformation of industries. In the new era, the construction of new high-end think tanks in China must grasp the trend characteristics of comprehensive socialist modernization entering a new journey, and adapt to the new requirements of high-quality development, digital transformation, cross-border integration and public diplomacy, etc. and use a comprehensive, dialectical, and long-term perspective to accurately analyze and grasp the domestic and foreign situations, and integrate own work into the party and the country’s great cause and undertakes the mission of advising the party and the government on scientific decision-making, providing intellectual support for the realization of the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity, and gathering wisdom to further enhance the country’s soft power. In order to better fulfill its mission, the new high-end think tank must adhere to its original mission, adapt to the requirements of the times, fully communicate and negotiate, synchronize modernization construction, continue to tap potential, fight harder, and strive to be a decision-making and consulting agency for “the one who cares about the country”, and contribute greater wisdom and strength to opening a new chapter of socialist modernization.

Editor：Yang Yuge