《空白簽名》

譯/愛藝

Surrealism aimed to transcend the realist depiction of scenes available to ordinary perception.Under the influence of the new discipline of psychoanalysis,surrealists made use of such techniques as dream analysis to uncover the unconscious workings of the mind and the symbols that the unconscious works with.Not much of Magritte’s oeuvre consists of literally inconsistent images, but at least one famous image does, The Blank Signature.

2This painting utilizes a technique like that of the Schuster fork, and illustrates how the mind constructs the impossibility.The mind puts together the separate elements into a “coherent” whole of these parts.The horse is thus bisected by a patch of background grass.Also, one of the tree trunks is in front of the horse but its base is behind the horse.It certainly seems that these elements are inconsistent with our conception of a rider in a forest.For example, it qualifies as an occlusion illusion, since reversal of occlusions is sufficient to produce a consistent image.■

超現(xiàn)實主義旨在超越對普通感知場景的現(xiàn)實主義描繪。受到精神分析這一新學(xué)科的影響，超現(xiàn)實主義者利用夢境分析等技術(shù)來揭示大腦無意識的思維活動和那些無意識活動的標(biāo)志。馬格利特的全部作品中沒有多少是由真正不連貫的圖像組成的，但至少有一幅名畫是，即這幅《空白簽名》。

2這幅畫運(yùn)用了一種技巧，使整個構(gòu)圖像舒斯特叉子，表明了大腦如何構(gòu)建不可能之事物。大腦會將所見的分離元素組合成由這些元素構(gòu)成的“連貫”整體。畫中的那匹馬就這樣被背景的草地一分為二。還可以看到，有一棵樹的樹干在馬前，但樹干底部卻在馬后。顯然，這些元素與我們所想象的森林中的騎手不一致。或許，可以將其視為一種遮擋錯覺，因為把各處遮擋消除就足以產(chǎn)生連貫的圖像。 □