完形填空常見錯(cuò)因

胡輝

完形填空題是以語篇為單位，考查考生語言綜合能力的測試題。它不僅考查考生對英語語法、詞匯知識和簡單表達(dá)的掌握情況、還能考查考生的閱讀能力、分析判斷能力和綜合運(yùn)用語言的能力等。

完形填空的常見錯(cuò)因有：

1. 孤立地就題答題，忽視語境關(guān)系；

2. 不能合理地運(yùn)用背景知識和社會常識來解題；

3. 不能把握句子間的邏輯關(guān)系；

4. 沒有全局觀，忽視語篇情感；

5. 不能把握文章的主旨大意。

[錯(cuò)因1 忽視語境關(guān)系]

例1 （2015年高考山東卷）At first， I just want to get my 39 degree and be left alone. I thought I was smarter than everyone else， so I hardly ever 40 talked to anyone in classes. By the end of my first semester， I was really 41 lonely. It seemed as if everyone but me had made friends and was having fun. So I tried a（n） 42 experiment. I started asking people around me how they were doing， and if they were having trouble I 43 offered to help. That was really a big 44 for me. By the end of the year， I had several new friends， and two of 45 them are still my best friends today.

A. dream B. problem

C. duty D. step

解析 D。做此題時(shí)，同學(xué)們?nèi)菀缀雎哉Z境關(guān)系，只根據(jù)當(dāng)句內(nèi)容來選擇。同學(xué)們應(yīng)該注意到第44空前講述“我”開始有所行動，空后講年末“我”的行動的成效，所以空這里應(yīng)填step，表示“我”踏出了重大的一步。

例2 （2015年高考新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷） In the store， I asked each of my kids 45 pick something they thought our “friend” there would 46 . They got apples， a sandwich and a bottle of juice. The my 17-year-old suggested giving him a 47 gift card.

A. order B. supply

C. appreciate D. discover

解析 C?！拔摇睕Q定送一些東西給乞丐，要送當(dāng)然最好送他會“喜歡”的。

[錯(cuò)因2 忽視背景常識]

例3 He agreed， but 43 added， “A odometer without a speedometer （速度計(jì)） is like a 44 without a knife.”

A. pencil B. fork

C. box D. cake

解析 B。本句意為“沒有速度計(jì)的里程表好比沒有配刀的叉”。做此類題目時(shí)，同學(xué)們要能積極地調(diào)動自己的文化背景知識和生活常識，巧妙地加以運(yùn)用，特別要注意中西文化的差異。

例4 （2015年高考新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷） My kids and I were heading into the supermarket over the weekend. On the way， we spotted a man holding a piece of paper that said，“41 Lost my job. Family to Feed.”

At this store， a 42 sight like this is not normal. My 10-year-old noticed him and made a 43 comment on how bad it must be to have to stand 44 in the cold wind.

A. outside B. proudly

C. by D. angry

解析 A。前文講“我們”在去超市的路上看見一個(gè)男子舉著一張上面寫著自己失業(yè)了的紙。當(dāng)時(shí)正是冬天，這個(gè)男人站在冷風(fēng)中，自然是在室外（outside）。其他如proudly和angry，這兩種情緒缺乏上下文印證，stand by表示“站在旁邊；待命”，也不合適。此題容易錯(cuò)在忽視背景常識，即僅憑自己的主觀判斷而沒有考慮文章背景或常識。

點(diǎn)撥 高考的短文一般都是合乎常識的，且話題多與日常生活有關(guān)。當(dāng)對文章細(xì)節(jié)把握不準(zhǔn)時(shí)，同學(xué)們可以充分利用社會知識或科普常識來輔助判斷。

[錯(cuò)因3 忽視邏輯關(guān)系]

例5 The house came 45 alive the few days. Zigfield 46 enjoyed every single hour of them. 47 ， the day before Christmas when he was drinking hot chocolate with a 48 satisfied smile at the door of his home， he heard the 49 discussion of the children of the family about what they might get for Christmas.

A. However B. Instead

C. Moreover D. Therefore

解析 A。做此題時(shí)，同學(xué)們?nèi)菀缀雎赃壿嬯P(guān)系。理解文章的內(nèi)容，正確地把握邏輯關(guān)系有助于正確解題。從47空前后來看，此處表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故用However。

點(diǎn)撥 忽視邏輯關(guān)系即忽視了上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，無法全面、系統(tǒng)地理解短文。因此做題時(shí)聯(lián)系上下文也是顯得尤為重要。解答此類題目我們可以留意兩點(diǎn)：

1.某一空格所對應(yīng)的答案很有可能就是上下文中復(fù)現(xiàn)或同現(xiàn)的相關(guān)詞，我們可以根據(jù)這些詞之間的聯(lián)系以確定答案；

2.文章的各句和各段之間多有邏輯上的聯(lián)系，應(yīng)特別留意表達(dá)不同邏輯關(guān)系的連詞， 如最常見的and，but，or等。

[錯(cuò)因4 忽視語篇情感]

例6 （2015年高考湖南卷）“wait a minute”， Mom said. “I want your 39 clothes back. You didnt wear anything when you arrived.”This really angered me. I tore my clothes off—shoes， socks， underwear and all—and 40 ， “Can I go now？”“Yes”， Mom answered， “but once you close that door， dont expect to come back.”

A. explained B. suggested

C. continued D. shouted

解析 D。做這道題時(shí)，同學(xué)們?nèi)菀缀雎郧楦?，不能?zhǔn)確理解作者的感受。當(dāng)媽媽向作者要衣服的時(shí)候他已經(jīng)非常生氣了，這時(shí)候脫下衣服的他更是控制不住憤怒，所以此處應(yīng)填shouted。

例7 （2015年高考新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷）When we handed him the bag of 52 food ， he lit up and thanked us with 53 eyes. we I handed him a gift card saying he could use it for 54 whatever his family might need， he burst into tears.

A. sleepy B. watery

C. curious D. sharp

解析 B。忽視語篇情感即忽視了短文中提到的人或作者的觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度和情緒等。前文講“我們”給了乞丐食物，后文講給了乞丐禮品卡，乞丐流了眼淚。乞丐的情感有個(gè)遞進(jìn)的過程，先是眼睛濕潤地道謝，接著感激涕零，所以此處選擇watery。

點(diǎn)撥 關(guān)于領(lǐng)會語篇情感，希望同學(xué)們從以下兩方面進(jìn)行強(qiáng)化：

1. 加強(qiáng)自己的邏輯推理能力。現(xiàn)在的完形填空逐漸舍棄了單純的語言分析考查，而越來越側(cè)重邏輯推理判斷，這其中難免涉及作者的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度等；

2. 要判斷選項(xiàng)是否符合英美的文化習(xí)俗，因?yàn)椴煌奈幕尘跋旅鎸ν瑯拥氖聭B(tài)度可能會不同。

[錯(cuò)因5 忽視文章大意]

例8 I used to be a very self-centered person， but in the past two years I have really changed. I have started to think about other people 36 I think about myself. I am happy that I am becoming a 37 person.

36. A. since B. before

C. or D. unless

37. A. famous B. simple

C. different D. skilled

解析 BC。做此題時(shí)，同學(xué)們?nèi)菀缀鲆曃恼麓笠?。本文講的是是“我”過去是個(gè)自我中心的人，但后來“我”有了改變。

點(diǎn)撥 做題前應(yīng)對文章進(jìn)行總體了解，避免做了后面的題目后才發(fā)現(xiàn)和前面的內(nèi)容沖突或矛盾?？荚嚂r(shí)間有限，如果能夠快速找到文章的主旨句，從而掌握文章的主旨大意就等于成功了一半。建議大家從兩個(gè)方面著手：

1. 快速通讀全文掌握大意。不要讀一句填一句，要先越過空白處快讀全文；

2. 重視文章的首尾句。文章的首句或尾句往往是文章的關(guān)鍵句，通過它們可以了解全文的大意以及文章的主旨。