數(shù)據(jù)庫語義學(xué)綱要（英文，具中文摘要)

羅蘭德?豪塞爾

Outline of Database Semantics （DBS）

Roland HAUSSER

（Universitt Erlangen-Nürnberg， Bavaria， Germany）

Abstract： Database Semantics （DBS） models the cycle of natural language communication as a transition from the hear to the think to the speak and back to the hear mode （turn taking）. In contradistinction to the substitution-driven sign-based approaches of truth-conditional semantics and phrase structure grammar， DBS is data-driven and agent-based. The purpose is a theory of semantics for an autonomous robot with language. Propositions are content in DBS， instead of denoting truth values （Sects. 1-3）. Content is built from the semantic kinds of referent， property， and relation， which are concatenated by the classical semantic relations of structure， i.e. functor-argument and coordination. To enable reference as an agent-internal cognitive process， language and nonlanguage contents use the same computational data structure and operation kinds， and differ mostly in the presence vs. absence of language-dependent surface values. DBS consists of （i） an interface， （ii） a memory， and （iii） an operation component①.The interface component mediates between the agent’s cognition and its external and internal environment， represented as raw data provided by sensors and activators （Sects. 4-7）. The data of the agent’s moment by moment monitoring are stored at the memory’s now front. As part of the on-board control unit， the now front is the location for performing the procedures of the operation component， resulting in content.

Keywords： data structure; data base schema; pattern matching; turn taking; type-token; grounding; sensory and processing media and modalities; reference

摘 要：數(shù)據(jù)庫語義學(xué)（Database Semantics，DBS）將自然語言交流的周期構(gòu)建為從聽覺過渡到思維再過渡到說話，然后從說話返回到聽覺的模式（這是一個循環(huán)模式）。與真值條件語義學(xué)和短語結(jié)構(gòu)語法使用的替換驅(qū)動和基于符號的方法不同，數(shù)據(jù)庫語義學(xué)是數(shù)據(jù)驅(qū)動的和基于智能代理的。其目的是為具有語言能力的自主機器人提供一種語義學(xué)理論。在數(shù)據(jù)庫語義學(xué)中，命題是表示內(nèi)容的，而不是表示真值的（第1—3節(jié)）。內(nèi)容由指稱、屬性和關(guān)系等語義類建立起來，它們由經(jīng)典的結(jié)構(gòu)語義關(guān)系，即函子論元和協(xié)調(diào)關(guān)系串聯(lián)而成。為了使指稱成為一個智能代理內(nèi)部的認知過程，語言和非語言的內(nèi)容都使用了相同的計算數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)和操作種類，而它們之間的主要區(qū)別在于是否存在與語言相關(guān)的表面值。數(shù)據(jù)庫語義學(xué)包括三部分：（i）一個交互界面，（ii）一個存儲器，（iii）一個操作組件。交互界面部分在智能的認知與其外部和內(nèi)部環(huán)境之間進行協(xié)調(diào)，表示為由傳感器和激活器提供的原始數(shù)據(jù)（第4—7節(jié)）。智能代理每時每刻的監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)都被存儲在存儲器的前端。作為智能代理控制單元的一部分，存儲器的這個前端就是執(zhí)行操作組件程序的位置所在，它是在內(nèi)容中產(chǎn)生的。

關(guān)鍵詞：數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu);數(shù)據(jù)庫圖式;模式匹配;循環(huán)模式;類符-形符;基礎(chǔ);感覺、處理媒體和情態(tài);指稱

中圖分類號：H08;H030;TP392? 文獻標識碼：A? DOI：10.12339/j.issn.1673-8578.2022.03.002

收稿日期：2022-04-24? 修回日期：2022-05-18

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Author Introduction：

Roland Hausser （1946—），studied computational linguistics at the University of Texas at Austin and graduated with a Ph.D.（1970—1974），taught at the Ludwig-Maximilians University in Munich， and obtained a Dr. phil. habil.（1974—1983）， stayed at the Universities of Pittsburgh and Stanford supported by a five year Heisenberg grant （1983—1988）. In 1989， Hausser founded the Laboratory of Computational Linguistics at the University Erlangen-Nuernberg （CLUE）.? Among his numerous publications is the textbook “Foundations of Computational Linguistics” （FoCL）， now in its third edition. For a more detailed vita see lagrammar.net. E-mail： rolandhausser662@gmail.com.