布達佩斯，多瑙河上的明珠

文／飛揚 圖／李沐

多瑙河兩岸的布達與佩斯原是兩座獨立的城市，1873年合并成了一座城市，并取名為布達佩斯。Buda and Pest on both banks of the Danube were originally two independent cities.In 1873，they were combined into a city named Budapest.

多瑙河是歐洲第二長河，自西向東流經(jīng)德國、奧地利、斯洛伐克、匈牙利等中歐和東歐的10個國家，滋養(yǎng)著兩岸城市。多瑙河有三分之一的長度位于匈牙利，匈牙利的首都、歐洲著名古城布達佩斯坐落在多瑙河中游兩岸，被其一分為二。河右岸多山，稱為“布達”；左岸地勢平坦，稱為“佩斯”。

人們將布達佩斯譽為“多瑙河上的明珠”，可以說，多瑙河是布達佩斯的靈魂，而布達佩斯是匈牙利的驕傲。布達佩斯是匈牙利政治、經(jīng)濟、文化和科技中心，境內(nèi)的多瑙河兩岸、布達城堡區(qū)和安德拉什大街被列入世界文化遺產(chǎn)名錄。走進這座古城，沿著多瑙河畔，既可以欣賞到迷人的風光，又可以領(lǐng)略到歷史的變遷。

城內(nèi)主要的歷史遺跡集中于海拔167米的布達區(qū)城堡山上，著名的布達城堡位于山的南側(cè)。這座狹長的古城長約1500米，寬約500米，13世紀時修建的城堡圍墻至今保存完好，分布著國家畫廊、歷史博物館、漁人堡等景點，古老壯觀的中世紀建筑、巴洛克式建筑聞名于世，吸引世界各地的游客和建筑設(shè)計師紛至沓來。站在城堡山上，可以俯瞰整個布達佩斯，多瑙河和城市風采盡收眼底。

安德拉什大街是布達佩斯的一條林蔭大道，以支持修建這條大街的首相安德拉什的名字命名。街道兩邊坐落著匈牙利國家歌劇院、恐怖大廈博物館、英雄廣場等知名建筑，這些建筑于1884年基本建設(shè)完成，當時入住的大部分是貴族、銀行家、富商等人士。安德拉什大街如今是布達佩斯最主要的購物街之一，各式咖啡廳、飯店、劇院、精品店林立兩旁，是購物者的天堂。

自由橋原名費蘭茨橋，以茜茜公主丈夫的名字命名。橋上原有鐵軌電車穿梭于兩岸，如今改為行人專用。The Liberty Bridge was formerly known as the Franz Joseph Bridge，named after husband of the Empress Elisabeth (Sissi).The bridge had tramcars shuttling between both banks.But now it is for pedestrians only.

匈牙利國會大廈于1904年建成，外表裝飾華美壯觀，夜色中更顯璀璨。The Hungarian House of Parliament，completed in 1904，has a gorgeous and spectacular exterior，and becomes more resplendent in the nighttime.

匈牙利人愛讀書，在首都布達佩斯街頭，隨處可見售賣書籍的小攤。The Hungarians like reading.On the streets of the capital Budapest，there are bookstalls everywhere.

歷代匈牙利國王的加冕儀式都在馬加什教堂舉行。眾所周知的奧匈帝國皇后——茜茜公主的加冕儀式也是在這里舉行的。The coronation of every Hungarian ruler was held at the Matthias Church.The coronation of the well-known Austro-Hungary Empress Elisabeth (Sissi) also took place here.

布達佩斯有9座橋梁跨越多瑙河，其中最古老的是鏈子橋，于1849年建成，是布達佩斯的標志之一。“沒有行走在鏈子橋上，就不能真正感受到真實的布達佩斯?！边x個清晨，牽著愛人的手踱過鏈子橋，自然成了游客欣然自樂的事情。橋并不長，頭尾4座石獅，目光堅毅，守望著來往的人們。橋下，野鴨怡然地在水中逆流而上，橋上，往來于政治中心布達與商業(yè)中心佩斯的車輛有序地駛向彼岸，不時有晨跑和上班的人匆匆經(jīng)過……布達佩斯人的小日子，靈動地躍然于橋上。

每年新年前后，布達佩斯新年集市會拉開大幕，展示出售各類優(yōu)質(zhì)產(chǎn)品，吸引逾百萬人次游覽。圖為集市上售賣的匈牙利傳統(tǒng)新年美食。Around every New Year，Budapest New Year fair kicks off，where all sorts of quality products are displayed and sold，and may attract over 1 million visitors.The picture depicts the traditional Hungarian New Year food sold at the fair.

One third of the Danube is in Hungary.Budapest，as the capital of Hungary and a famous old city in Europe，is located on both banks of the middle reaches of the Danube，and split in two.The right river bank is mountainous，known as“Buda”;the left bank is flat，known as “Pest”.

Budapest is reputed as a “Pearl on the Danube”.It is Hungary’s center of politics，economy，culture，as well as science &technology.Both banks of the Danube，the Buda Castle，and the Andrassy Avenue(Andrassy Ut) are all on the UNESCO’s World Heritage List.

The historic sites of the city are mainly distributed on the Buda Castle Hill with an elevation of 167 m.The famous Buda Castle District is located in the south of the hill.This long，narrow old city is dotted with such tourist attractions as the National Gallery，the History Museum，and the Fisherman’s Bastion.Besides，there are old and magnificent medieval and baroque buildings，which are world-famous and attract visitors and architects from all over the world.

The Andrassy Avenue is a boulevard in Budapest，named after Hungary’s former Prime Minister Gyula Andrassy.The avenue is lined with the Hungarian State Opera House，the House of Terror Museum，the Heroes’ Square and other renowned buildings，which were basically completed in 1884，and inhabited mostly by aristocrats，bankers and rich businessmen.Now，the avenue has become one of the main shopping streets in Budapest.

Budapest has nine bridges across the Danube.The oldest one is the Chain Bridge completed in 1849，which is one of the symbols of Budapest.Under the bridge，wild ducks swim smoothly against the current.On the bridge，vehicles shuttling between the political center Buda and the business center Pest head for the opposite bank in an orderly fashion;morning runners and workers hurry by from time to time...