2023年高考熱門主題語境10：自然與災害

蔣建平

一、素材積累

Ⅰ. 核心單詞

1. butterfly n. 蝴蝶

2. giraffe n. 長頸鹿

3. kangaroo n. 袋鼠

4. evolution n. 進化;演變

5. ecology n. 生態(tài);生態(tài)學

6. dolphin n. 海豚

7. gentle adj. 溫和的

8. fierce adj. 兇殘的;兇猛的

9. cold?blooded adj. 冷血的

10. tsunami n. 海嘯

11. typhoon n. 臺風

12. hurricane n. 颶風

13. thunderstorm n. 雷雨;雷暴

14. sandstorm n. 沙暴;沙塵暴

15. endanger v. 使遭遇危險;危及

endangered adj. 瀕危的

danger n. 危險

dangerous adj. 危險的

16. extinct adj. 滅絕的;絕種的

extinction n. 滅絕;絕種

17. habitat n. 棲息地;（動植物的）生活環(huán)境

18. coral n. 珊瑚

19. drought n. 旱災;久旱

dry v. （使）變干

adj. 干的;干燥的

20. shelter n. 避難處;居所;庇護

v. 保護;掩蔽;躲避

21. survive v. 生存;存活;幸存

survivor n.幸存者;生還者

survival n.幸存;生存

22. destroy v. 摧毀;毀滅

destruction n. 破壞;毀滅

destructive adj. 破壞性的;毀滅性的

23. volcano n. 火山

volcanic adj. 火山的

24. spoil v. 破壞;溺愛

25. erupt v. 爆發(fā)

eruption n. 爆發(fā)

Ⅱ. 高頻短語

1. nature reserve 自然保護區(qū)

2. stricken area 受災地區(qū)

3. rescue work 救援工作

4. the trapped people 被困人員

5. in the natural state 在自然狀態(tài)下

6. be in danger of extinction/become extinct/die out 有滅絕的危險/滅絕

7. be trapped in 被困在……中

8. be flooded with 被……所淹沒;充滿

9. be home to 是……的所在地

10. cut down 砍倒

11. cut off 切斷

12. return to normal 恢復正常

13. go against 違背

14. cause great damage/losses 造成巨大的損失

15. suffer from 遭受

16. keep the balance of 保持……的平衡

17. recover from 從……中恢復過來

18. take action/measures 采取行動/措施

19. hold out/give a helping hand to sb 對某人伸出援助之手

20. live in harmony with 與……和諧相處

Ⅲ. 靚句積累

1. “介詞+關系代詞”引導定語從句

The villagers will remember the rescue workers and volunteers with whom they went through the disaster. 村民會記得與他們一起經歷災難的救援人員和志愿者。

2. on+V?ing形式

On hearing the news that the terrible floods hit that village， the government immediately appointed the army to make their way to the disaster area. 一聽到可怕的洪水襲擊了那個村莊，政府迅速指派軍隊趕往災區(qū)。

3. There is a possibility that+同位語從句

There is a possibility that experienced experts will be able to forecast some terrifying natural disasters accurately in the future.有經驗的專家有可能在未來準確地預測一些可怕的自然災害。

4. unless引導條件狀語從句

We'll have nowhere to live in the future unless we take action to protect the earth now. 除非我們現在就采取行動保護地球，否則未來我們將無處居住。

5. “only+狀語從句”引起倒裝

Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet. 只有當我們學會與自然和諧相處時，我們才能不再對野生動物和我們的星球構成威脅。

二、續(xù)寫金句

1. Suddenly， we heard a strange whistling noise. It was coming from somewhere ahead of us. Then a gabbling sound filled the air. 突然，我們聽到一種奇怪的口哨聲。它是從我們前面的某個地方傳來的。然后空氣中游蕩著嘰嘰喳喳的聲音。

2. Great trees met high over our heads， almost shutting out the sun. Plants writhed and twisted upwards， trying to catch sunrays. 大樹在我們頭頂枝葉相連，幾乎遮住了太陽。植物向上相互纏繞，試圖得到陽光。

3. I pushed on through that dreadful forest， with rustlings， howls and all sorts of strange cries around me. 我繼續(xù)往前走，穿過那片可怕的森林，四周響起沙沙聲、號叫聲和各種奇怪的叫聲。

4. It was the cool gray dawn， and there was a sense of peace deep in the woods. Not a leaf stirred; not a sound disturbed great nature's meditation. Dewdrops stood upon the leaves and grass. A white layer of ashes covered the fire，and a thin blue breath of smoke rose straight into the air. 涼爽的、灰蒙蒙的黎明時分，樹林深處一片寧靜。一片葉子也沒有動，沒有任何聲音打擾大自然的沉思。露珠還掛在樹葉和草上?；鹕细采w著一層白色的灰燼，一縷藍色的輕煙直直地飄向空中。

5. It was early in the spring morning.The sun was just rising out of the eastern horizon and emitting red hues through the clouds and across the sky. Soon the campus was bathed in the first rays of the sun. The ground was covered with tender grass and the dewdrops stood on their tips and reflec?ted the sunshine. 那是一個春天的清晨。太陽剛從東方的地平線上升起，透過云層和天空散發(fā)出紅光。不久，校園就沐浴在第一縷陽光中。地上長滿了嫩草，露珠立在草尖上，反射著陽光。

三、主題測評

Ⅰ. 閱讀理解

體裁：說明文 篇幅：296詞

建議用時：7分鐘 來源：改編

新穎度：★★★★

素養(yǎng)視角：自然災難

It was June 8， 1816 and it was early summer in Vermont， US. Yet， a wild snowstorm was going on. Nearly a foot of snow covered the fields which had been planted crops only weeks before. This storm would kill all of the crops. At the time， people struggled to understand what had caused the weather to change so wildly. It is only now， more than 200 years later， that scientists have finally solved the mystery. The cause of the extreme weather was an event that took place a year earlier and 10，000 miles away. It all started with a volcano called Mount Tambora.

Mount Tambora sits on the island of Sumbawa， a beautiful land with rushing streams， gentle hills， and thick jungles in Indonesia. Nobody had any reason to think the peaceful mountain was in fact a volcano. It had been asleep for centuries， but on April 5， 1815， Mount Tambora woke up.

The first eruption shook the island and sent up streams of fire and ash. But that was nothing compared with what would come five days later， on April 10. The volcano exploded with a huge cloud of gas， fire and ash shot high into the sky. The day turned midnight black， but the mountain turned red as rivers of lava （巖漿） flowed down the mountain.

The eruption went on for more than three days， which instantly killed at least 12，000 people living on and around Mount Tambora. Ash and lava ruined the island's soil and poisoned its rivers and streams. Rice fields were destroyed. No fruits or vegetables would grow.

There were no fish to catch; almost every animal had been killed. The eruption of Mount Tambora in 1815 was the deadliest and most powerful volcanic eruption in human history.

1. Why did it snow heavily in Vermont in the summer of 1816？

A. Vermont was located in the southern part of the Earth.

B. Vermont had serious environmental pollution.

C. A faraway volcano had erupted a year earlier.

D. A huge earthquake hit Vermont.

2. What's the purpose of the first paragraph？

A. To lead in the topic.

B. To present an argument.

C. To introduce Vermont.

D. To explain the cause of a volcanic eruption.

3. When did Mount Tambora start erupting？

A. On June 8， 1816.

B. On April 13， 1816.

C. On April 5， 1815.

D. On April 10， 1815.

4. What's the main idea of the last paragraph？

A. The process of the eruption was made up of three stages.

B. Mount Tambora asleep for centuries woke up in the end.

C. The eruption of Mount Tambora broke a historic record.

D. The eruption of Mount Tambora led to a terrible disaster.

Ⅱ. 補全信息

體裁：說明文篇幅：325詞

建議用時：6分鐘來源：改編

新穎度：★★★★

素養(yǎng)視角：火災應對

Would you know what to do if a fire started in your home？ Take the time now to review the following safety tips， and your family will be prepared in time of a fire in your home：

1

An escape plan can help every member of a family get out of a burning house. The idea is to get outside quickly and safely.? 2? So it is important to learn and remember the different ways out of your home.

Stay low

If you can see smoke in the house， stay low to the ground as you make your way to the exit.? 3? You will breathe less smoke if you stay to the ground. Smoke naturally rises， so if there is smoke while you are using your escape route， staying low means you can crawl under most of it.

What if you can't get out right away？

If you can't get out fast because fire or smoke is stopping an escape route， you will want to yell for help. You can do this from an open window or call 119 if you have a phone with you.? 4? Then， firefighters will have a hard time finding you. The sooner they find you， the sooner you both can get out.

If your clothes catch fire， what should you do？

Your clothes could catch fire during a fire or by accident if you step too close to a candle. If this happens， don't run！ Instead， stop， drop to the ground， cover your face with your hands， and roll. This will cut off the air and put out the flames.? 5

A. Know your way out.

B. Preventing fires is in the first place！

C. An easy way to remember this is： Stop， Drop， and Roll！

D. Smoke from a fire can make it hard to see where things are.

E. Even if you are scared， never hide under the bed or in a closet.

F. They will help prepare you for what you need to do in case of a fire.

G. In a fire， smoke and poisonous air hurt more people than the actual flames do.

Ⅲ. 書面表達

體裁：新聞報道

命題形式：征文/稿件

建議用時：20分鐘

來源：改編

新穎度：★★★★

素養(yǎng)視角：公益事業(yè)

假定你是你校英語雜志的特約小記者，上周你校開展了“愛心包裹”（Loving Parcels）捐贈活動，給洪澇災區(qū)的學生捐贈物資。請你根據以下內容寫一篇新聞報道。

1. 活動內容;

2. 活動感想。

注意：

1. 詞數80左右;

2. 可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

Loving Parcels

In order to help the students in the flooded area， ————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————