讀后續(xù)寫之情感表達(dá)妙招大放送

杜銳

“情感表達(dá)”在讀后續(xù)寫題型的答題中十分重要。一方面，它是延續(xù)原文情感線索的必要手段，因?yàn)樽x后續(xù)寫的文本通常是一個(gè)故事。在故事中，人物的情感變化往往就是一條行文的暗線。另一方面，它可以有效地豐富細(xì)節(jié)描寫，從而有力地烘托文章的中心。因此，同學(xué)們?cè)趯懽髦幸獞?yīng)用好情感表達(dá)。

一、情感表達(dá)的必要性

筆者在此以2022 年新高考I卷和2021年新高考I卷中的讀后續(xù)寫試題為例來進(jìn)行說明。

從上表可以看出，原文中皆有明顯的情感提示，而續(xù)寫時(shí)也需要對(duì)原文情感有所呼應(yīng)。因此，“情感表達(dá)”是答好讀后續(xù)寫試題的必備技巧。

二、如何表達(dá)情感

常見的情感表達(dá)句式結(jié)構(gòu)為“主謂賓”或“主系表”，如“I felt nervous.”“He was worried.”“She looks happy.”等。但如果通篇文章使用這種簡(jiǎn)單表達(dá)，一則單調(diào)，二則低等。

因此，為使文章顯得豐富多彩，同學(xué)們需要掌握多種表達(dá)情感的手法。本文便為大家介紹三個(gè)情感表達(dá)技巧。

（一）用好五大“情配詞”

本文所稱“情配詞”主要是指能與情感進(jìn)行搭配的詞。除了常見的be、feel、look，還有五個(gè)常用的情感搭配詞，它們分別是fill、occupy、overwhelm、consume、obsess。它們作為謂語動(dòng)詞，有主動(dòng)與被動(dòng)兩種常見用法。

主動(dòng)用法：情感名詞+ fill/occupy/overwhelm/consume/obsess + sb.

被動(dòng)用法：sb.+ be filled/occupied/overwhelmed/consumed/obsessed + with/by +情感名詞

需要注意的是：這五大“情配詞”的被動(dòng)用法中，fill/overwhelm/consume常與介詞with搭配，occupy和obsess常與介詞by搭配。

例如：

①Hearing the news， she jumped to her feet and dashed out. Obviously， she was overwhelmed with excitement.

聽到這個(gè)消息，她跳了起來，并沖了出去。顯然，她很是興奮。

②David was consumed with hatred against John， who， he believes， has deprived him of the opportunity to be promoted.

大衛(wèi)心里充滿了對(duì)約翰的恨意。大衛(wèi)認(rèn)為，約翰剝奪了他升遷的機(jī)會(huì)。

③At that moment， he was occupied by an ungovernable rage. Hence， he screamed and broke the cup.

在那一刻，他充滿了難以抑制的憤怒。于是，他尖叫著摔碎了杯子。

④She is filled with nostalgia for her own college days.

她對(duì)自己的大學(xué)時(shí)光充滿了懷念。

當(dāng)然，這些“情配詞”也可以充當(dāng)非謂語動(dòng)詞。

例如：

①Overwhelmed with an intense sense of guilt， he lowered his head.

他低下了頭，內(nèi)心充滿著強(qiáng)烈的負(fù)罪感。

②She walked onto the stage， a feeling of nervousness overwhelming her.

她走向舞臺(tái)，感到無比緊張。

③Obsessed by the fear， we drew back and called for rescue.

我們心中充滿了恐懼，退了回來，并且打電話求救。

④Filled with anticipation， he cast a determined eye at the distance.

他滿懷期待，堅(jiān)定地看了一下遠(yuǎn)方。

（二）掌握十大“情隱喻”

所謂“情隱喻”，就是采用隱喻的方式來表達(dá)情感，即將各種情感、心理狀態(tài)直接隱喻成某種事物，然后通過用以描述喻體的各種詞語展現(xiàn)故事人物的情感、心理狀態(tài)。這種表達(dá)一方面可以使抽象的情感變得具體、形象，另一方面也可以讓語言豐富多彩，能給讀者耳目一新的感覺。常見的喻體有十種。

1.人手

我們可以通過一些手部動(dòng)作來直接表達(dá)某種情感，如seize（抓?。?、grasp（抓牢）、grip（緊握）、take hold of（抓?。?、cover（覆蓋）、tear into pieces（撕成碎片）等。

例①：A feeling of panic seized/grasped/gripped her.

她突然驚慌失措。

例②：Anxiety tore her into pieces.

她焦慮不安，身心憔悴。

2.對(duì)手

將情感喻為對(duì)手，那么主體與情感仿佛在比賽或斗爭(zhēng)。于是，get the better of（占上風(fēng)）、get the best of（勝過）、prey（捕獵，折磨）等用在賽場(chǎng)、戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)領(lǐng)域的詞匯便派上了用場(chǎng)。

例①：Enthusiasm gets the better of me.

我太激動(dòng)了。

例②：Anger and bitterness had preyed upon me continually.

我感到憤怒和痛苦。

3.統(tǒng)治者

假如把情感比喻為統(tǒng)治者，這時(shí)，情感可能會(huì)oppress（壓迫）人們，甚至deprive（剝奪，通常與of搭配）人們的某種能力。

例①：Worrying deprived him of sleep.

他焦慮萬分，難以入睡。

例②：Excitement deprived me of all power of speech.

我激動(dòng)得什么話都說不出來。

4.液體

當(dāng)把情感比喻為液體時(shí)，情感如同ripple（波紋）、wave（波浪）或flood（洪流），可以well（涌出）、surge（涌動(dòng)），甚至 sweep（席卷）。與此同時(shí)，人體被喻為容器，因此情感可以fill/brim/take possession of（注滿/盛滿/占滿）容器，有時(shí)還會(huì)overflow/well（漫出/溢出）容器，在高溫下甚至?xí)oil（沸騰）。

例①：A ripple of sadness welled up inside him.

他心頭涌起陣陣悲傷。

例②：A wave of panic swept over her.

一陣驚恐襲上她的心頭。

例③：Panic surged up within him.

他惶恐不安。

例④：He was brimming with sorrow when she left him.

她離開他時(shí)，他滿懷悲傷。

5.光線

通常情況下，天氣狀態(tài)為sunny（晴朗的）、radiant（陽光燦爛的）時(shí)，人們會(huì)感到心情愉快。因此，我們可以將情感與光線聯(lián)系在一起，如情感像光一樣shine（閃耀），會(huì)radiate（發(fā)散），且能spread across（傳遍）周圍。

例①：Joy shone from his brow.

他眉宇中閃耀著喜悅的光芒。

例②：Happiness radiates from her face.

她容光煥發(fā)。

6.重?fù)?dān)

情感具有重量。憂慮、悲傷、憤怒等消極情緒猶如重?fù)?dān)bear on someone（壓著某人），需要人們carry（承受），而unburden（卸去）、lose（失去）這些情感則會(huì)讓人感到輕松、獲得解脫。

例①：Grief bears heavily on her.

她承受著巨大的悲傷。

例②：Unburdening her anger gave her a sense of relief.

釋放了怒火后，她有一種輕松的感覺。

7.動(dòng)物

情感具有動(dòng)物的一些特點(diǎn)，會(huì)悄無聲息地crawl/creep（爬）到人身邊，有時(shí)還會(huì)gnaw（咬）、swallow/devour（吞噬）人。

例①：Happiness crawls up to the tips of his brows.

他喜上眉梢。

例②：A slight feeling of fear slowly crept on him.

他慢慢感到一絲恐懼。

8.色彩

人們?cè)趹嵟瓡r(shí)往往容易面紅耳赤，而恐懼時(shí)則臉色發(fā)白。這些顏色的變化可作為情感變化的外在生理表征體現(xiàn)在語言中，如red（紅色）被隱喻為憤怒，white（白色）被隱喻為蒼白、恐懼，blue（藍(lán)色）被隱喻為悲傷。

例①：She had been feeling blue all the week.

她整個(gè)星期都悶悶不樂。

例②：Richards coming late made his teacher see red.

理查德遲到了，這讓他的老師十分惱火。

9.空間

人們高興時(shí)往往歡呼雀躍、興高采烈，而悲傷時(shí)則垂頭喪氣、無精打采?；诖朔N體驗(yàn)，我們可以采用表示空間高低的詞匯來展現(xiàn)情感，如用up（上）、high（高）來展現(xiàn)高興、快樂等積極的情感狀態(tài)，用down（下）、low（低）來展現(xiàn)悲傷、抑郁等消極的情感狀態(tài)。

例①：She was feeling really low.

她感到十分沮喪。

例②：She has been on a real high after winning the competition.

贏了比賽后，她高興極了。

10.熱火

人們常常也將情感比喻成火，以此來顯示其力量。

例：The agony seared his fleshes， consuming his entire being.

痛苦（像火一樣）灼燒著他的肉體，吞噬著他整個(gè)人。

（三）描述四大“情視角”

本文所稱“情視角”主要是指“透露情感或心理狀態(tài)的地方”。一般而言，容易透露人類情感或心理狀態(tài)的地方有四個(gè)：臉、眼、心、聲。如果我們能夠結(jié)合這些地方來描述情感，定能使人物生動(dòng)形象、活靈活現(xiàn)，給人留下深刻印象。

1.通過臉表述情感

面部是心情的泄密器。有時(shí)一瞥別人的臉，我們就知道別人的心情了。筆者在此給出四個(gè)描述臉的動(dòng)詞，分別是radiate、reveal、spread和write。這四個(gè)詞可以用作謂語動(dòng)詞，也可以用作非謂語動(dòng)詞。

例①：Happiness radiated from her face at that moment./Her face radiated happiness at that moment.

那一刻，她容光煥發(fā)。

例②：When the popcorn was sold out， she dashed to Mrs. Meredith， face revealing incredible joy.

爆米花賣完后，她沖向了梅雷迪思太太，臉上流露出難以置信的喜悅。

例③：When asked the last result， he remained silent and disappointment spread across his face.

當(dāng)被問及最終結(jié)果時(shí)，他保持沉默，臉上布滿了失望。

例④：With guilt written on his face， he lowered his head and became speechless.

他低下了頭，沉默不語，臉上布滿了內(nèi)疚。

2.通過眼睛表述情感

眼睛是心靈的窗戶。在寫作時(shí)，描寫眼睛也是表達(dá)情感的絕妙方法。同學(xué)們請(qǐng)注意，sparkling/shining/glowing/glistening/glittering/gleaming這六個(gè)詞是必須要掌握的。

例①：His eyes were sparkling/shining/glowing/glistening/glitter- ing/gleaming with excitement.

他的眼睛閃爍著興奮的光芒。

例②：Her eyes were brimming/filled with sympathy.

她眼里充滿了同情。

例③：He cast a cold eye at those who laugh at him.

他對(duì)嘲笑他的那些人投以冷眼。

3.通過心表述情感

英漢民族似乎都相信“情由心生”，于是英文表達(dá)中可以通過心來表述情感。

例①：His heart was bursting with remorse.

他的心中充滿了悔恨。

例②：My heart melted away in tears of despair.

我的心被絕望的淚水融化了。

4.通過聲音表述情感

通過聲音表述情感，實(shí)質(zhì)上就是描述語氣（in/with a +X+ tone 或 in/with a tone of +X）和音量（in a +X+voice或in a voice of +X）。

例①：“I have lost the present you brought me.” Cried the child in a sorrowful tone.

“我把你帶給我的禮物弄丟了?！毙『⒈瘋乜薜馈?/p>

例②：“The operation is a success.” said the doctor in a tone of relief.

“手術(shù)成功了?！贬t(yī)生說道，語氣透著如釋重負(fù)之感。

例③：“Never did I meet such horrible animal.”David said in a trembling voice.

“我從未遇見過如此恐怖的動(dòng)物。”大衛(wèi)以顫抖的聲音說道。

例④：“It seems impossible for us to win.” Sully said in a voice of despair.

“我們似乎不可能贏?！彼_利絕望地說。

三、實(shí)戰(zhàn)練一練

下面，大家可用2022年新高考I卷英語讀后續(xù)寫試題《殘障男孩跑越野》來練練筆，注意應(yīng)用上述情感表達(dá)技巧。

【真題再現(xiàn)】

閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。

It was the day of the big cross-country run. Students from seven different primary schools in and around the small town were warming up and walking the route （路線） through thick evergreen forest.

I looked around and finally spotted David， who was standing by himself off to the side by a fence. He was small for ten years old. His usual big toothy smile was absent today. I walked over and asked him why he wasnt with the other children. He hesitated and then said he had decided not to run.

What was wrong？ He had worked so hard for this event！

I quickly searched the crowd for the schools coach and asked him what had happened. “I was afraid that kids from other schools would laugh at him，” he explained uncomfortably. “I gave him the choice to run or not， and let him decide.”

I bit back my frustration （懊惱）. I knew the coach meant well—he thought he was doing the right thing. After making sure that David could run if he wanted， I turned to find him coming towards me， his small body rocking from side to side as he swung his feet forward.

David had a brain disease which prevented him from walking or running like other children， but at school his classmates thought of him as a regular kid. He always participated to the best of his ability in whatever they were doing. That was why none of the children thought it unusual that David had decided to join the cross-country team. It just took him longer—thats all. David had not missed a single practice， and although he always finished his run long after the other children， he did always finish. As a special education teacher at the school， I was familiar with the challenges David faced and was proud of his strong determination.

注意：1續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右; 2請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。

We sat down next to each other， but David wouldnt look at me.

I watched as David moved up to the starting line with the other runners.

【簡(jiǎn)要分析】

文章主題隸屬于“人與社會(huì)”，講述了一位教師幫助一位患有腦疾的學(xué)生重燃信心，鼓勵(lì)他參加越野賽跑的故事。文章開頭提出懸念，提到小男孩David為越野賽跑做了充分準(zhǔn)備，可是卻決定不參加比賽，且看起來有些不高興（usual big toothy smile was absent）。而后，文章借小男孩教練的解釋道出小男孩放棄比賽的原因，即害怕被別人嘲笑。最后，文章詳細(xì)介紹了小男孩的情況，并道出“我”作為一位從事特殊教育的教師的心態(tài)。

根據(jù)給定的兩個(gè)續(xù)寫段落的首句，我們可以推斷續(xù)段一應(yīng)包括“我”成功扭轉(zhuǎn)小男孩的心理，讓他重拾信心等內(nèi)容;續(xù)段二則應(yīng)包括小男孩勇敢地參加了比賽等內(nèi)容。

通過以上分析，我們可以明確，續(xù)段一中必須要描述小男孩的情感、心理狀態(tài)，當(dāng)然也可對(duì)“我”的情感狀態(tài)進(jìn)行描寫，同時(shí)，續(xù)段二中同樣需要明示相關(guān)人物對(duì)“比賽結(jié)果”產(chǎn)生的情感，從而烘托中心。

【范文呈現(xiàn)】

范文中的畫線部分均為運(yùn)用以上三種手法所進(jìn)行的情感表達(dá)，大家可以體會(huì)一下。

Paragraph 1： We sat down next to each other， but David wouldnt look at me.

（1）He just looked down at the ground，face revealing frustration.

（2）“Why do you give up， my boy. ” I said， in a soft voice.

（3）It seemed that David was overwhelmed with negativity， and he didnt give me any reply.

（4）So I patted his shoulder， and continued， “David， dont care about how others see you. Victory belongs to those who stick to their original ideas.”

（5）This time， David turned to me， eyes sparkling with confidence.

（6）Then he stood up， saying， “I will try my best，” with a determined tone.

Paragraph 2： I watched as David moved up to the starting line with the other runners.

（1） A ripple of relief mingled with pride welled up in my heart， and I couldnt help calling him and giving him a thumbs-up.

（2） With the order given， the race began.

（3）It was nearly half an hour before some runners came to the finish line. But David didnt turn up.

（4）A slight feeling of fear slowly crept on me.

（5） I was feeling down and down when David appeared， whose face was filled with sweat but radiated firmness.

（6） No sooner had he passed the finish line than all the spectators and runners clapped hands. And a voice echoed in my mind， “Admiration indeed should go to those who are hurt but persist.”

結(jié)語

“情感表達(dá)”在讀后續(xù)寫中具有普適性，掌握豐富的情感表達(dá)方法，是提高寫作能力的一條捷徑。同學(xué)們?nèi)缒苁炀氄莆丈鲜鏊腥蠹挤?，定能在讀后續(xù)寫中取得高分。