Singapore Botanic Gardens 新加坡植物園

許林玉

新加坡植物園是一片擁有一百多年歷史的熱帶植物天堂，也是新加坡首個(gè)聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織世界文化遺產(chǎn)。它有什么特點(diǎn)呢？讓我們走進(jìn)文章一起了解下吧！

以下是新加坡植物園入選世界文化遺產(chǎn)的一些基本信息。

The Singapore Botanic Gardens is situated at the heart of the city of Singapore. It is a cultural landscape which includes a rich variety of historic landscape features， plantings and buildings that clearly show the evolution of the Botanic Gardens. Through its well-preserved landscape design and continuity of 1）purpose， the Singapore Botanic Gardens is an 2）outstanding example of a tropical botanic garden.

In the early years， the Gardens played an important role in 3）fostering agricultural development in Singapore and the region through collecting， growing， experimenting and distributing potentially useful plants. One of the earliest and most important successes was the introduction， experimentation and 4）promotion of Para Rubber. This became a 5）major crop that brought great prosperity to the South East Asian region in the early 20th century. From 1928， the Gardens spearheaded orchid breeding and started its orchid hybridisationprogramme. In contemporary times， the Gardens also played a key role in Singapore's Garden City programme through the continual introduction of plants of horticultural and botanical interest.

Set up in 1859， the Gardens holds a 6）unique and important place in the history of Singapore and the region. Through the botanical and horticultural work carried out today， it will continue to play an important role as a leading tropical botanical institute， and an loved place to all Singaporeans. As well as being a favourite recreation venue for jogging， dining or just lazing about， the Gardens is also a leading centre for botanical and horticultural research.

The Gardens has been inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site at the 39th session of the World Heritage Committee （WHC） on 4 July 2015. The Gardens is the first and only tropical botanic garden on the UNESCO's World Heritage List. It is the first in Asia and the third botanic gardens inscribed in the world following Orto botanico di Padova and the Royal Botanic Gardens， Kew.

7）Highlights include the National Orchid Garden， which boasts the world's largest orchid display， with over 60，000 plants and orchid plants. The National Orchid Garden is located on the highest hill in the Singapore Botanic Gardens. The carefully landscaped slopes provide a setting for over 1，000species and 2，000 hybrids， with about 600 species and hybrids on display.

The 8）distinctive feature of the National Orchid Garden not to be missed is its design concept which presents the display of plants in four separate colour zones over most of its areas： “spring” zone with its prevailing colours of bright and lively shades of gold， yellow and creams; “summer” zone with its major tones of strong reds and pinks; “autumn” zone of matured shades; “winter” zone of whites and violet shades.

This colour zoning is achieved by a careful blend of selected trees， shrubs， herbs and orchids （mostly hybrids） with matching leaf and flower colours.

Kids will have fun at the Jacob Ballas Children's Garden where they can play and learn all about plant life. The Jacob Ballas Children's Garden is the first garden in Asia dedicated to children. Its theme of “Life on Earth Depends on Plants” aims to educate children with a love for nature. The garden is a complete nature-learning environment， where children can know further about the ecology of plants and our environment through discovery and experiential learning.

新加坡植物園位于新加坡市中心。這是一處文化景觀，包括豐富多樣的歷史特色景觀、植物和建筑，清晰地展示了植物園的發(fā)展歷程。因其保存完好的景觀設(shè)計(jì)和始終如一的建園初衷，新加坡植物園成為熱帶植物園的典范之作。

早年，植物園通過(guò)收集、種植、試驗(yàn)和分布潛在有用的植物，在促進(jìn)新加坡和該地區(qū)的農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展方面發(fā)揮了重要作用。植物園最早也是最重要的成就之一，是成功引進(jìn)巴拉橡膠（三葉橡膠），并通過(guò)試驗(yàn)和推廣，使其成為 20 世紀(jì)初促進(jìn)東南亞地區(qū)繁榮昌盛的主要作物。從 1928 年起，植物園率先開(kāi)展蘭花育種工作，并開(kāi)始推行蘭花雜交計(jì)劃。在當(dāng)時(shí)，新加坡植物園還通過(guò)不斷引進(jìn)具有園藝和植物學(xué)價(jià)值的植物，在新加坡的花園城市計(jì)劃中發(fā)揮了關(guān)鍵作用。

這座植物園建于 1859 年，在新加坡和該地區(qū)的歷史上占有獨(dú)特而重要的地位。如今，植物園通過(guò)其植物學(xué)和園藝學(xué)工作，將繼續(xù)作為領(lǐng)先的熱帶植物研究機(jī)構(gòu)發(fā)揮重要作用，并成為備受所有新加坡人喜愛(ài)的地方。它不僅是慢跑、用餐或休閑的最佳休閑場(chǎng)所，也是首屈一指的植物學(xué)和園藝學(xué)研究中心。

2015 年 7 月 4 日，新加坡植物園在世界遺產(chǎn)委員會(huì)第 39 屆會(huì)議上被列入聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織世界遺產(chǎn)名錄，成為聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織世界遺產(chǎn)名錄中第一個(gè)也是唯一一個(gè)熱帶植物園。它是亞洲第一座，也是繼意大利帕多瓦植物園和英國(guó)邱園皇家植物園之后世界第三座被列入該名錄的植物園。

新加坡國(guó)家胡姬花園是新加坡植物園的重要景點(diǎn)，擁有世界上最大的蘭花展區(qū)，共有超過(guò) 60，000 株蘭花。新加坡國(guó)家胡姬花園位于新加坡植物園最高的山上。精心構(gòu)造的斜坡為 1，000 多個(gè)品種和 2，000 個(gè)雜交種提供了適宜的生長(zhǎng)環(huán)境，其中公開(kāi)展出的品種和雜交種共約 600 種。

新加坡國(guó)家胡姬花園的設(shè)計(jì)理念具有鮮明的特色，大部分園區(qū)被分成四個(gè)不同的顏色區(qū)域，以展示不同色調(diào)的植物：“春天”區(qū)以明亮活潑的金色、黃色和淡黃色為主色調(diào);“夏天”區(qū)的主要色調(diào)為熱烈的紅色和粉紅;“秋天” 區(qū)充滿了成熟色調(diào);“冬天”區(qū)為白色和清爽的紫色色調(diào)。

這種顏色分區(qū)是通過(guò)將選定的樹(shù)木、灌木、草本植物和蘭花（主要是雜交種）精心搭配，并輔以相應(yīng)的樹(shù)葉和花卉顏色來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的。

雅格·巴拉斯兒童花園則是孩子們的游樂(lè)天堂。在這里，他們可以盡情玩耍，還可以學(xué)習(xí)有關(guān)植物的所有知識(shí)。雅格·巴拉斯兒童花園是亞洲第一個(gè)專為兒童打造的花園，其主題為“地球上的生命與植物息息相關(guān)”，旨在教育兒童熱愛(ài)自然。該花園提供了一個(gè)完整的自然學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境，孩子們可以通過(guò)探索和體驗(yàn)式學(xué)習(xí)更深入地了解植物的生態(tài)和我們的環(huán)境。