2023年高考熱門主題語境15：歷史與文化

蔣建平

一、素材積累

Ⅰ. 核心單詞

1. pray v.祈禱

2. feast n.盛宴；宴會(huì)；（宗教的）節(jié)日

3. dumpling n.餃子

4. porridge n.粥

5. calligraphy n.書法

6. decorate v. 裝修；裝飾

decoration n.裝飾；裝飾品

7. cater v.承辦酒席；提供飲食

8. taboo n.禁忌；忌諱

9. parade n.游行；檢閱

v.游行；展示

10. anniversary n.周年紀(jì)念日

11. ceremony n.典禮；儀式；禮節(jié)

12. sacrifice n. & v.犧牲

13. temple n.廟宇；寺院

14. riddle n.謎語

15. pavilion n.亭；閣

16. gunpowder n.火藥

17. sacred adj.神圣的；上帝的

18. promote v.提倡；推廣

promotion n.促銷；推廣

19. firecracker n.爆竹

20. acrobatics n.雜技

21. handicraft n.手工藝品

22. compass n.指南針

23. papermaking n.造紙

Ⅱ. 高頻短語

1. Chinese knot 中國結(jié)

2. the Lantern Festival 元宵節(jié)

3. culture conflict 文化沖突

4. dragon boat race 龍舟賽

5. a celebration of 對……的慶祝

6. a mark of ……的標(biāo)志；……的表示

7. in memory of/in honour of 為紀(jì)念……；為向……表示敬意

8. drive away 趕走

9. pass down 流傳

10. decorate with 用……裝飾

11. play the lion dance 舞獅

12. dress up 穿上盛裝；打扮；裝飾

13. have the reputation of 享有……的美譽(yù)

14. stay up all night 通宵守歲

15. cross talk 相聲

Ⅲ.句式積累

1. with the development of 隨著……的發(fā)展

With the development of our society， people come to realize that the Spring Festival is not only a festival， but also a valuable treasure. 隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展，人們開始意識(shí)到春節(jié)不僅是一個(gè)節(jié)日，而且是一筆寶貴的財(cái)富。

2. as引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句

As every Chinese holiday is accompanied by some sort of special food， on the Mid?Autumn Festival， people eat mooncakes， a kind of cookie with fillings of sugar， fat， sesame， walnut， the yoke of preserved eggs， ham or other materials.由于每個(gè)中國節(jié)日都有某種特殊的食物，在中秋節(jié)，人們吃月餅，一種以糖、油、芝麻、核桃仁、咸蛋黃、火腿等為餡料的糕點(diǎn)。

3. with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)

National Day falls on October 1st every year， with the holiday lasting 7 days. Chinese people all over the world are absorbed in a happy and harmonious atmosphere during the holiday. 國慶節(jié)在每年的10月1日，假期持續(xù)7天。國慶期間，全世界的中國人都沉浸在一種幸福、和諧的氣氛中。

4.祈使句+and+含一般將來時(shí)的句子

Compare festivals which have connection with one another in style， and you can get a better knowledge of the similarities of the culture between China and Western countries. 把在風(fēng)格上相互聯(lián)系的節(jié)日進(jìn)行比較，你就能更好地了解中國和西方國家文化的相似之處。

二、續(xù)寫金句

1. With the beautiful moon up in the sky， we sit together and eat mooncakes and fruits， sharing our stories. 美麗的月亮高掛在天空，我們坐在一起，吃著月餅和水果，分享著我們的故事。

2. Culture is the crystal of a nations character and soul. It is widely acknowledged that Chinese culture is an important aspect of the countrys opening up and maintaining a close relationship with the rest of the world. 文化是一個(gè)民族性格和靈魂的結(jié)晶。人們普遍認(rèn)為，中華文化是中國對外開放和與世界保持密切關(guān)系的一個(gè)重要方面。

3. A series of policies on promoting Chinese culture overseas have reflected cultures increasing importance， which also make clear our mission to improve the nations soft power by delivering a favorable impression of China to the world and promoting communication between people. 一系列在海外推廣中華文化的政策反映了文化日益增長的重要性，也明確了我們的使命，即通過向世界傳遞中國的良好印象和促進(jìn)人與人之間的交流來增強(qiáng)國家的軟實(shí)力。

4.The Spring Festival is a traditional time for family members to celebrate together. 春節(jié)是家庭成員一起慶祝的傳統(tǒng)時(shí)刻。

5.As for me， I go back home every year during the Spring Festival. And I believe it necessary for all the people to visit parents， relatives and friends during this special time. The Spring Festival is more than a vacation but a tradition we must value and carry forward. Nothing is more important than familial affection and friendship. And it is true happiness to have a heart?to?heart talk with our parents， to enjoy the ceremony and to get together with our beloved people. 至于我，每年春節(jié)我都會(huì)回家。我相信在這個(gè)特殊的時(shí)刻，所有的人都有必要去看望父母、親戚和朋友。春節(jié)不僅僅是一個(gè)假期，而是一個(gè)我們必須重視和發(fā)揚(yáng)的傳統(tǒng)。沒有什么比親情和友誼更重要了。與父母談心，享受節(jié)日慶典，與我們所愛的人團(tuán)聚，這是真正的幸福。

6. On that day， sons and daughters will bring their family members back to their parents house for a reunion. Sometimes， people who have already settled overseas will come back to visit their parents on that day. 在那一天，子女會(huì)帶著他們的家人回到父母家團(tuán)聚。有時(shí)，已經(jīng)定居在海外的人也會(huì)在那天回來看望父母。

三、主題測評

Ⅰ. 閱讀理解

體裁：說明文 篇幅：345詞

建議用時(shí)：7分鐘 來源：改編? ? ? 新穎度：★★★★

素養(yǎng)視角：三星堆遺址的考古發(fā)現(xiàn)

Discoveries at the famous Sanxingdui Ruins in Southwest China show that the regions ancient Shu Kingdom Civilization shared similarities with the Maya civilization.

The Sanxingdui Ruins belonged to the Shu Kingdom that existed at least 4，800 years ago and lasted more than 2，000 years， while the Maya civilization built its city?

state around 200 AD.

The bronze?made remains of trees unearthed at the ruins of the Shu Kingdom resemble the sacred ceiba tree， which symbolized the union of heaven， earth and the underworld in the Maya civilization. “They are very important similarities，” says Santos， a Mexican archaeologist （考古學(xué)家） stressing that the representations of trees in both cultures provide a symbolism that is very similar.

The findings at the Sanxingdui Ruins， considered one of the greatest archaeological discoveries of the 20th century， also show a new aspect of Bronze Age culture， indicating the ancient civilization already had technologies that were thought to have been developed much later.

While the time span between the Shu Kingdom and the Maya culture is great， the findings highlight the closeness between the two civilizations. They developed in areas with comparable climates and reflected their worldview through related symbols. “In the end， man is still man， independent of time and space. What we have is that， at this latitude （緯度）， both the Shu people and the Mayans looked at the same sky and had the same stars on the horizon，” the expert says.

One notable feature of the recent discoveries at Sanxingdui Ruins was the cross?subject work and technology applied by teams of Chinese archaeologists， which allowed the unearthing of artifacts as fragile as silk remains， which other types of less careful digging methods would not have been able to register.

Cooperation between Chinese and Mexican archaeologists could benefit projects in the Mayan world， where the rainy climate and humidity are problematic for the conservation of ruins.

“Every time our cultural knowledge increases， regardless of whether we speak one language or another， what it shows us is that we continue to be sister cultures and， therefore， the exchange of such knowledge is fundamental，” says Santos.

1. What is the similarity between the Shu Kingdom and Maya civilizations？

A. Their starting time.

B. Their historical origins.

C. Their cultural symbols.

D. Their ceremony traditions.

2. The findings at the Sanxingdui Ruins have proved that____________.

A. silk was a common clothing material then

B. some technologies were developed much earlier

C. the Bronze Age started earlier than previously assumed

D. the Shu Kingdom and the Mayan world had close contact

3. What is a common challenge for the conservation of the Sanxingdui Ruins and the Maya civilization？

A. High latitude.

B. Damp weather.

C. Language barriers.

D. Positioning of ruins.

4. What does Santos focus on in the last paragraph？

A. The future of the China?Mexico cooperation.

B. The benefits of speaking a different language.

C. The importance of the exchange of cultural knowledge.

D. The increasing sisterhood in culture between China and Mexico.

Ⅱ. 完形填空

體裁：記敘文 篇幅：256詞

建議用時(shí)：15分鐘 來源：改編

新穎度：★★★★

素養(yǎng)視角：圓桌文化

The sweetest memory of my childhood is about a round table. When I was still little， my1family would get together on different traditional festivals to have dinner. We kids would be sitting around or playing hide?and?seek under the table2the grown?ups were having a chat.

When I got a bit3 ， my aunt brought back her boyfriend and my grandma cheerfully4another seat to the round table. It seemed a little more5 ， but we all felt much closer to each other. When I was twelve， my grandpa passed away. That made us feel6 . However， when the whole family got together once again， we totally7that his chair， his bowl and his chopsticks should remain the same. Even though his seat was8 ， we felt like that he had never left us.

We all have a table like this in our9 . It is a sign of reunion of our family10our feelings. Although the reason why we come together may be different， the feelings behind it are the11 . Usually different cultures are accepted by us around the table. Whats more， we12 ? love not only for our family， but also for a company， our13and even the whole world.

The history of our nation has been the stories of looking for or running to the round table which we belong to. The round table has been a14of Chinese feelings. It was， it is and will15be.

1. A. happy B. whole

C. dear D. warm

2. A. while B. or

C. but D. so

3. A. taller B. bigger

C. older D. stronger

4. A. set B. lay

C. fetched D. added

5. A. crowded B. friendly

C. enjoyable D. different

6. A. mad B. sad

C. worried D. nervous

7. A. agreed B. imagined

C. guessed D. judged

8. A. missing B. empty

C. taken D. dirty

9. A. units B. societies

C. homes D. communities

10. A. acting B. showing

C. performing D. declaring

11. A. common B. true

C. same D. deep

12. A. express B. want

C. impress D. trust

13. A. school B. relatives

C. nation D. parents

14. A. milestone B. mark

C. tool D. symbol

15. A. always B. still

C. even D. ever

Ⅲ. 讀后續(xù)寫

體裁：記敘文

命題形式：讀后續(xù)寫

建議用時(shí)：25分鐘

來源：改編

新穎度：★★★★

素養(yǎng)視角：遵從內(nèi)心的意愿

閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文，續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右。

In my culture， its not accepted or normal to go against my parents wishes. I belong to a small and native community in the Oaxaca region of southern Mexico. Weve lived here for centuries， and my family has been growing cotton for as long as anyone can remember.

When I was small， I had a lot of work to do. My father was sick and we were poor， so my sister and I would get up very early every morning to prepare food for the whole family. After school， we would run home quickly to help do housework. On weekends， I would go to the village market to sell our cotton. Every time I sold something， it was good news for the whole family.

When I became a teenager， I wanted to study to become a secretary. By working in an office， I would be able to earn more money， which would be good for my family. I knew I was smart and I would do a good job， but my parents refused to let me study. I listened to them and followed their advice in order not to make them unhappy.

Years later， some students from California came to our village. They were organizing an educational workshop for local people. We would learn new things and technology about growing cotton， and have the chance to network. This was a good chance for me to learn something new and useful. Of course， I was willing to take part in it， but my parents said no again this time.

I have wonderful and generous parents， who are kind to everybody around them. Even when our family could hardly afford food， they would welcome guests with coffee and cookies. I knew they refused me because they wanted the best for me. I knew they were worried about me being away from them， but I knew they were wrong. Attending this workshop would be good for our family. I would be able to learn something new and useful， and our business would grow much faster than it could.

Paragraph 1：

Therefore， I put my foot down and decided to go. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Paragraph 2：

Now I no longer live together with my parents， but I work with them every day. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________