縱橫通衢聯(lián)世界

賈琪

1月10日11時10分，車身涂裝鮮亮國槐綠的D843次“復興號”動車組沿新成昆鐵路，以時速160公里一路向南，從西昌西站駛往昆明。這是四川省涼山彝族自治州開行的首趟復興號動車組，至此結(jié)束了四川大涼山不通動車的歷史。

復興號開進大涼山，是四川交通騰飛的一個縮影。千古百業(yè)興，先行在交通?！笆奈濉睍r期，四川交通科學謀劃，由“蜀道通”向“蜀道暢”跨越、由交通大省向交通強省跨越、由西部綜合交通樞紐向國際門戶樞紐跨越，書寫交通強省建設的新篇章。

動車開進大涼山

說起四川大涼山，就會想起“橫斷山，路難行，天如火來水似銀”;就會想起深山與老林，跋山與涉水;就會想起站站?？康摹奥疖嚒?。進入新世紀，隨著高鐵動車在全國普及，“動車開進大涼山”成為當?shù)匕傩盏膲粝搿?/p>

如今，復興號終于開行，西昌到攀枝花的鐵路時間從3個多小時縮短到1小時43分鐘，西昌到昆明從7個小時縮短至4個小時，一步躍千年的涼山州正式邁入“動車時代”。

從此山不再高，水不再遠，動車能讓更多人走進這片神奇的土地。越西文昌故里、彝海紀念館、西昌衛(wèi)星發(fā)射中心等旅游資源不再“待字閨中”，德昌的水果、西昌的板鴨等豐富的物產(chǎn)資源也將乘坐風馳電掣的復興號去到千家萬戶。

成昆鐵路公司西昌指揮部指揮長鄒永木介紹，成昆鐵路復線在四川省境內(nèi)分為成都至峨眉、峨眉至米易、米易至攀枝花三段建設。目前，僅剩峨眉至冕寧段正在加緊建設。全線建成通車后，將北接寶成鐵路、成渝鐵路，南連貴昆鐵路，直接到達廣西沿海，與東南亞鐵路接軌，成為重要的出川鐵路大通道。

目前，涼山州不僅有復興號帶動沿線百姓快速出川，還保留著一對時速三四十公里的公益性慢火車。“復興號”與“慢火車”，一快一慢之間，見證著四川鐵路發(fā)展的世紀變遷。

“十四五”期間，四川還將規(guī)劃建設高速鐵路1300公里，城際鐵路550公里，普速鐵路1940公里。到2025年，鐵路進出川通道達12條、新增1條，高鐵全省覆蓋13個市（州）。

與此同時，沿著復興號的行駛軌跡，在一排排鐵軌之外，我們還可以看到：從前山脊荒涼，如今遍布風電機組，陡峭山腰嵌起銀色玉帶，那是一條條連接鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)與城市的暢通公路。

2021年，廣安繞城高速公路、內(nèi)江城市過境高速公路、四川宜賓至云南彝良高速公路（四川段）……相繼開通，全省高速公路通車里程突破8600公里，穩(wěn)居全國第三位。

預計到2025年，高速公路出川通道達37條、新增13條，覆蓋全省152個縣（市、區(qū)）。按照《四川省“十四五”綜合交通運輸發(fā)展規(guī)劃》，公路建設不僅打通“最后一公里”，還將實現(xiàn)由“通不通”向“優(yōu)不優(yōu)”的質(zhì)的飛躍。

從高處俯瞰，一條條通村公路在山野中蜿蜒，一棟棟居民新樓掩映于花前、樹下、塘邊，沿途村落美景串珠成線，“交通+產(chǎn)業(yè)”“交通+旅游”等融合發(fā)展模式助力鄉(xiāng)村振興，看得見、摸得著的致富大道正從各個村落延伸鋪展開來，帶領老百姓奔向更加幸福美好的未來。

“神鳥”聯(lián)通世界

“玉帶”繞青山，天塹變坦途。不管是“地下”，還是“天上”，四川交通發(fā)展一路高歌猛進。

1月19日，飛常準APP發(fā)布的《2021年度全球民航航班運行報告》顯示，在中國內(nèi)地千萬級機場中，成都雙流國際機場出港航班量位居第二，成都天府國際機場是中國內(nèi)地航班準點率最高的機場。

時間回到2021年6月27日，成都天府國際機場正式投運。在憑借“國際一流、國內(nèi)領先”的建設理念刷屏的同時，其與成都市中心50公里的距離，讓不少人尤其是凌晨落地的乘客心頭一緊。

為提高乘客來往天府國際機場的舒適性和便捷性，成都地鐵、出租車和機場大巴等多力并發(fā)，構(gòu)建起“零距離換乘”的高效綜合交通系統(tǒng)：

每日夜間在機場等候的巡游出租車不低于70臺。地鐵18號線快線單程只需39分鐘。機場大巴有兩條線路滾動發(fā)車。成都市交通運輸局軌道處相關負責人介紹，正在建設中的地鐵19號線也將連通中心城區(qū)和天府國際機場，而預計分別將于2023年底和2025年建成投運的成自高鐵、成達萬高鐵也將與機場形成接駁。

在最大程度解決機場接駁問題的同時，天府國際機場與雙流國際機場實現(xiàn)“兩場一體”運營，天府國際機場重點打造國際客貨運航空樞紐，雙流國際機場主要運營國內(nèi)商務、地區(qū)航線，兩個機場互為備降機場，逐步形成錯位發(fā)展、功能互補、協(xié)同聯(lián)動的雙樞紐機場體系。

四川不靠海、不沿邊，長期以來面臨內(nèi)陸地區(qū)該如何與世界對話的問題。實踐證明，從交通入手，航空是最佳突破口。

1984年，成都航空口岸開埠，當年出入境流量僅2萬人次。隨著國際航線網(wǎng)絡不斷拓展和口岸服務水平不斷提升，發(fā)展至今，成都航空口岸成為中國第四個出入境人員流量突破700萬的一類航空口岸。隨著天府國際機場投運，北京、上海、廣州、成都4個國家級國際航空樞紐在中國版圖上空勾勒出一條面向歐亞大陸的“U”形空中廊道，成為“一帶一路”倡議最佳的空中回響。

如今，成都已開通國際（地區(qū)）客貨運航線131條，其中定期直飛航線81條，國際航線開行總數(shù)穩(wěn)居全國第四、中西部第一。

“十四五”期間，四川還將新增樂山機場、廣安機場、遂寧機場、會東機場、甘洛機場5個機場，預計到2025年，四川民用運輸機場建成及在建數(shù)達22個，共同建設中國民用航空第四極，合力打造世界級機場群。

除了“神鳥”聯(lián)通世界，中歐班列、鐵水聯(lián)運等西部陸海新通道多線并發(fā)，亦是銜接“一帶一路”的重要途徑。

中歐班列（成都）自2013年開行以來，保持良好發(fā)展態(tài)勢，截至2021年11月25日，年開行量超2000列，連接67個境外城市站點。目前，全省穩(wěn)定運行瀘州至成都、昆明、攀枝花等11條鐵水聯(lián)運班列，并結(jié)合海運和中歐班列，形成四川“通疆達海”大循環(huán)大通道。

城際“畫圈成網(wǎng)”

交通日新月異的快速發(fā)展，四通八達的路網(wǎng)在拉近四川與世界距離的同時，也加速了省內(nèi)城際間的融合，使得自家人“串門兒”更為方便。

2021年12月10日，G0511線德陽至都江堰高速公路開通運行。至此，成德眉資同城化的交通基礎設施標志性工程──成都都市圈環(huán)線高速公路（又稱“成都三繞”）全線通車。

建設好成都都市圈不僅要暢通道路的“硬連接”，還要打通服務同城化的“軟連接”?！冻啥级际腥Πl(fā)展規(guī)劃》提出，要提升鐵路公交化運營水平，促進軌道交通、跨市公交、城市公交有機銜接，構(gòu)建多種運輸方式無縫換乘的公共交通服務體系。

圍繞這一目標，2021年10月26日，成都天府通APP掃碼乘車在眉山正式上線運行。眉山市民安裝天府通APP，就可在成德眉資4市所有城區(qū)內(nèi)運營公交車輛的IC卡刷卡機上享受“掃碼通乘”。目前，成德眉資4市均已實現(xiàn)一碼通乘，且共享9折優(yōu)惠。

一碼玩轉(zhuǎn)4市，何其快哉！

隨著都市圈的融合發(fā)展，跨城通勤也日趨常態(tài)，為滿足城市內(nèi)越來越多“候鳥”群體的通勤需求。2021年，成德眉資4市還推進動車公交化運營，實現(xiàn)都市圈日開行動車119對，日均客流約2.4萬人次。

而另一邊的成渝地區(qū)雙城經(jīng)濟圈的交通發(fā)展也如火如荼。

2020年底，?成渝客專就已完成提速改造，最高運行時速從300公里提升至350公里，全程歷時從1.5小時縮短至62分鐘，兩地實現(xiàn)“1小時通達”。同時，成渝兩地還推進鐵路公交化運營。兩地平均發(fā)車間隔10分鐘，最小發(fā)車間隔5分鐘;高鐵及動車日均開行達110對，日均往來客流約6萬人次。

自成渝地區(qū)雙城經(jīng)濟圈建設提出以來，軌道上的雙城經(jīng)濟圈正在加快構(gòu)建——鐵路方面，成達萬高鐵、成自高鐵、成渝鐵路擴能改造正加快建設;水運方面，聯(lián)手建成長江上游首個萬噸級碼頭——新生港;聯(lián)運方面，合力建設西部陸海新通道，推動成都國際鐵路港與重慶國際物流樞紐園、萬州港開展多式聯(lián)運合作……

當下，按照“外建大通道、內(nèi)建大網(wǎng)絡、共建大樞紐”的發(fā)展思路，一個外暢內(nèi)達、便捷高效的現(xiàn)代交通圈正在巴蜀大地上加快形成，并畫圈成網(wǎng)。

At 11：10 on January 10， “Fuxing” bullet train D843， with its body painted in bright green， headed southward along the new Chengdu-Kunming Railway from Xichangxi Railway Station to Kunming at a speed of 160km per hour. This was the first “Fuxing” bullet train launched in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture， Sichuan Province， marking the end of the time without bullet trains in the region of Daliang Mountains in the province.

“Fuxing” bullet train entering the area of Daliang Mountains is a microcosm of Sichuan’s rapid development in transportation. “Transportation creates prosperity in all sectors”. During the “14th Five-Year Plan” period， Sichuan will scientifically plan its transportation construction. It aims to build an unimpeded transportation network and grow from a major province to a strong province in transportation and from the comprehensive transportation hub in western China to an international hub and gateway， writing a new chapter in the construction of a strong province in transportation.

Bullet train enters the area of Daliang Mountains

Speaking of Daliang Mountains in Sichuan， we may think of the lyrics “In Hengduan Mountains， roads are bumpy， the sky is as red as fire， and the water is like silver” or an arduous journey in deep mountains and thick forests or trains that ran slowly and stopped frequently. With the popularity of high-speed and bullet trains across the country in the new century， the local people dreamed that “bullet trains could enter the area of Daliang Mountains” one day.

As the “Fuxing” bullet train was finally open to traffic， the time from Xichang to Panzhihua is shortened from more than 3 hours to 1 hour and 43 minutes （fastest） and the time from Xichang to Kunming from 7 hours to 4 hours， enabling Liangshan Prefecture to officially enter the “era of bullet trains”.

Since that day， the once remote， mysterious land of Daliang Mountains has been within reach of people from outside. Thus， local tourism resources—such as the Hometown of Wenchang， Yihai Alliance Memorial Hall， and Xichang Satellite Launch Center—are known and visited by a lot more people， and rich natural resources like Dechang’s fruits and Xichang’s salted ducks are delivered to customers nationwide via “Fuxing” bullet trains.

Zou Yongmu， commander of the Xichang headquarters of Chengdu-Kunming Railway Co.， Ltd.， introduced that the double line of Chengdu-Kunming Railway in Sichuan Province is divided into three sections in construction： Chengdu–Emei， Emei–Miyi， and Miyi–Panzhihua. At present， only the section from Emei to Mianning is under accelerated construction. When the whole line is completed and open to traffic， it will link Baoji-Chengdu Railway and Chengdu-Chongqing Railway in the north and Guiyang-Kunming Railway in the south， directly reach the coast of Guangxi， and connect with Southeast Asian railways， becoming a major channel for Sichuan to reach to the outside world.

To date， Liangshan Prefecture has not only had “Fuxing” bullet trains to bring people along the line a fast mobility experience in going out of Sichuan， but has also kept a pair of nonprofit slow trains—with a speed of 30km to 40km per hour. The fast “Fuxing” bullet train and the “slow train” comparatively demonstrate the century-long development of Sichuan’s railways.

During the “14th Five-Year Plan” period， Sichuan also plans to build 1，300km of high-speed railways， 550km of intercity railways， and 1，940km of normal-speed railways. By 2025， there will be 12 entry and exit railway passages in Sichuan， including a newly constructed one， with 13 cities （prefectures） within the province covered by high-speed railways.

At the same time， along the tracks of “Fuxing” bullet trains， we can see that those once desolate ridges are now covered with wind turbine generators， and steep hillsides are embedded with silver “jade belts”， which are motorways connecting villages and towns with cities.

In 2021， multiple expressways including Ring Expressway of Guang’an， Ring Expressway of Neijiang， and Yibin-Yiliang Expressway （Sichuan section） were open to traffic successively， bringing the province’s expressway mileage to a threshold of over 8，600km， ranking third across the country.

It is expected that by 2025， Sichuan will own 37 exit expressways， including 13 newly constructed ones， covering 152 counties （cities and districts） in the province. According to the Comprehensive Transportation Development Planning under the 14th Five-Year Plan of Sichuan Province， highway construction in the province will not only get through the “l(fā)ast kilometer”， but also achieve a great leap from being “unimpeded” to “excellent”.

Viewed from above， all highways leading to villages wind in dense forest-covered mountains， and newly-built residences stand along the highways， interspersed with trees， flowers， and pools， looking like pearls on strings. Integrated development models such as “transport + industry” and “transport + tourism” drive rural revitalization， with tangible roads toward prosperity extending to all villages， leading the locals to a happier and better future.

“Solar divine bird” links Chengdu to the world

“‘Jade belts’ twist around green mountains; natural moats change into highways”. Whether underground or in the sky， Sichuan’s transportation has made great headway in an all-around way.

Among airports on the Chinese mainland with a cumulative passenger throughput of 10 million or more in a calendar year， Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport ranked second in departures， and Chengdu Tianfu International Airport boasts the best on-time flight performance in the country， according to the 2021 Global Civil Aviation Flight Operation Report released by VariFlight app on January 19.

Back on June 27， 2021， Chengdu Tianfu International Airport was officially put into operation. With a construction concept of “being among the first class internationally and the leading one domestically”， the airport once went viral on the internet. However， the long distance of 50km from the airport to downtown Chengdu was truly a great concern for passengers， especially for those who would land during the wee hours.

To improve the comfort and convenience for passengers， subways， taxis， and airport shuttle buses in Chengdu have made concerted efforts to build an efficient comprehensive transportation system that realizes “zero-distance transfer”.

While solving the problem of the airport’s connection to the downtown area to the greatest extent， Chengdu Tianfu International Airport and Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport have achieved the “two-as-one” combined operation： The former focuses on developing into an aerial port for the transportation of both passengers and goods， and the latter mainly operates the domestic business and regional routes; the two airports both act as the alternate for each other. In that way， a dual airport hub system with dislocation development， complementary functions， and coordinated operation gradually forms.

Neither near the sea nor the nation’s border， Sichuan， an inland area， had long faced the problem of how to communicate with the outside world. Practice has proved that it is best to start from transportation， especially aviation.

In 1984， Chengdu opened its first airport， with only 20，000 entry and exit passengers through the port within a year. However， with the continuous expansion of the international airline network and improvement of port service level， Chengdu’s airport became the fourth first-class airport in China with the number of entry-exit passengers breaking through the mark of 7 million. After Chengdu Tianfu International Airport opened， the four national international-level aviation hubs—Beijing， Shanghai， Guangzhou， and Chengdu—together outline a U-shaped air corridor facing the Eurasian continent over China’s territory， echoing the national Belt and Road Initiative.

Up to now， Chengdu has opened 131 international （regional） passenger and freight transportation routes， including 81 regular direct routes. Its total number of international routes ranks fourth in China and first in central and western China.

During the “14th Five-Year Plan” period， Sichuan will build five additional airports， namely Leshan Airport， Guang’an Airport， Suining Airport， Huidong Airport， and Ganluo Airport. It is estimated that by 2025， Sichuan will have 22 civil transport airports completed or under construction， with the aim of building the fourth pole of China’s civil aviation and creating a world-class airport cluster.

Besides the “solar divine bird”， new international land-sea trade corridors in the west— such as the China Railway Express （CR Express） and rail-water combined transport—were opened， which also facilitate the implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative.

Among them， the CR Express （Chengdu） has maintained a good momentum of development since its start of operation in 2013. By November 25， 2021， the number of its annual departures and arrivals had exceeded 2，000， with the trains connecting 67 overseas cities. Currently， Sichuan Province has been operating 11 trains for railway-sea combined transportation that run from Luzhou to Chengdu， Kunming， Panzhihua， and other cities respectively， and has also combined sea transportation and CR Express to establish a major cyclic channel connecting Sichuan to the outside in all directions.

Intercity network

Not only has the increasingly improved transportation network drawn Sichuan much closer to the outside world， but it has also sped up intercity integration within the province， making it easier for people in different places of Sichuan to visit each other.

On December 10， 2021， the G0511 expressway from Deyang to Dujiangyan was put into operation. Since then， Chengdu’s metropolitan loop expressway （also known as “Chengdu’s third belt freeway”）—a landmark transportation infrastructure project for the integration of Chengdu， Deyang， Meishan， and Ziyang—has been fully open to traffic.

In addition to unimpeded roads， building a Chengdu metropolitan area also requires city integration-related services. The Development Plan for Chengdu Metropolitan Area proposes to improve the operational level of railways as routine public transport， link rail transit， intercity public transport， and urban public transport， and build a public transport service system that allows seamless transfers among various modes of transport.

To this end， the service of scanning a QR code and taking a public vehicle went live on the Tianfu Tong app in Meishan on October 26， 2021. Residents in Meishan who installed the app can enjoy the service via the IC card scanners on all public vehicles operating within the urban areas of Chengdu， Deyang， Meishan， and Ziyang. At present， it has been realized in all of the four cities to take all public vehicles across them with one QR code， and a 10% discount is available，

Great convenience and tangible benefits have been provided to people traveling between the cities.

With the integrated development of metropolitan areas， cross-city commuting is becoming increasingly normal. To meet the daily needs of a growing number of long-distance commuters， the four cities initiated the operation of bullet trains as routine public vehicles in 2021， achieving the operation of 119 pairs of bullet trains in metropolitan areas every day， with an average daily number of passengers up to 24，000.

On the other hand， the transportation construction for the Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle is in full swing.

By the end of 2020， the upgrading and transformation for Chengdu-Chongqing passenger transport lines were completed， with their maximum speed increased from 300km to 350km per hour， shortening the time taken for traveling between Chengdu and Chongqing from 1.5 hours to 62 minutes and realizing “one-hour trip” between the two cities. In the meantime， the two cities promoted the operation of the railway as routine public transport. The passenger transport trains between two cities depart at intervals of 10 minutes on average， with the shortest interval of five minutes; an average of 110 pairs of high-speed rail and bullet trains operate daily， with an average daily number of passengers reaching some 60，000.

Since the construction of the Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle was put forward， the building of its related rail infrastructure has been expedited. In terms of railways， the expansion and renovation of Chengdu-Nanchong-Dazhou-Wanzhou High-speed Railway， Chengdu-Zigong-Yibin High-speed Railway， and Chengdu-Chongqing Railway are speeding up. In terms of water transport， Chongqing Xinsheng Port， the first 10，000-ton port on the upper reaches of the Yangtze River， has been jointly completed. In terms of combined transport， concerted efforts have been made to build the New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor （ILSTC）， in a bid to accelerate the cooperation of Chengdu International Railway Port with Chongqing International Logistics Hub Park and Wanzhou Port in multi-modal transport ...

Currently， by adhering to the development concept of “Building a big channel outside， a big network inside， and a big hub together”， a wide range of convenient and efficient modern traffic circles is taking shape on the land of Sichuan， together forming a large network.

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四川“十四五”交通規(guī)劃

2021年10月26 日，四川省人民政府印發(fā)《四川省“十四五”綜合交通運輸發(fā)展規(guī)劃》，提出到2025年，初步建成“四向八廊”戰(zhàn)略性綜合交通走廊和成渝地區(qū)雙城經(jīng)濟圈國際性綜合交通樞紐集群，基本形成“123出行圈”和“123快貨物流圈”，基本實現(xiàn)“快速網(wǎng)覆蓋區(qū)（縣）、干線網(wǎng)暢達鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)、基礎網(wǎng)連接村組”，為打造全國交通“第四極”奠定堅實基礎。

“123出行圈”指成都都市圈1小時通勤、成渝地區(qū)雙城經(jīng)濟圈2小時通達、全國主要城市3小時覆蓋;“123快貨物流圈”指國內(nèi)1天送達、周邊國家2天送達、全球主要城市3天送達;覆蓋區(qū)縣的“快速網(wǎng)”由高速鐵路、高速公路、民用運輸機場構(gòu)建;暢達鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)的“干線網(wǎng)”由普速鐵路、普通國省道、內(nèi)河高等級航道、市域鐵路組成;連接村組的“基礎網(wǎng)”由農(nóng)村公路、通用機場織就。

“十四五”時期，綜合交通建設完成投資1.2萬億元以上，其中公路水路7000億元、鐵路3000億元、民航250億元、軌道交通2200億元。

Transportation planning of Sichuan Province during the “14th Five-Year Plan” period

On October 26， 2021， the People’s Government of Sichuan Province issued the Comprehensive Transportation Development Planning under the 14th Five-Year Plan. According to it， by 2025， Sichuan will preliminarily build the “four-way and eight-corridor” strategic comprehensive transportation pattern and an international integrated transportation hub cluster of Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle. Besides， the province will basically form the “1-2-3 travel range” and “1-2-3 logistics range” and manage to construct “a fast transportation network covering all districts （counties）， a trunk network reaching all villages and towns， and a basic network connecting all village groups”， thus laying a solid foundation for creating the “fourth pole” of national transportation.

The “1-2-3 travel range” refers to one hour of commuting within Chengdu’s metropolitan areas， two hours of traveling within the Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle， and three hours of reaching any major city in China; the “1-2-3 logistics range” refers to one-day goods delivery within China， two-day delivery in neighboring countries， and three-day delivery to major cities around the world. The “fast transportation network” will consist of high-speed railways， expressways， and civil transport airports; the “trunk network” will be composed of normal-speed railways， ordinary national and provincial highways， high-grade inland waterways， and municipal railways; the “basic network” will be woven with rural highways and utility airports.

Also， during the period， Sichuan will invest more than 1.2 trillion yuan in comprehensive transportation development， including 700 billion yuan for highways and waterways， 300 billion yuan for railways， 25 billion yuan for civil airports， and 220 billion yuan for rail transit.