開間更新
——雨兒胡同6號(hào)院，北京，中國

清華大學(xué)建筑學(xué)院可持續(xù)住區(qū)研究中心

客戶：雨兒胡同6號(hào)院留住居民2戶

主創(chuàng)建筑師：張悅，劉曉征，李樺，余旺仔

設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)：張亦馳，鄭偉，杜新穎，陳成，張穎然，田苗

產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)：李樺，徐娜，游智文，黃文濤

照明設(shè)計(jì)：張昕，韓曉偉，周軒宇

智能設(shè)計(jì)：王昊，吳天際，徐珂

工程實(shí)施：紀(jì)佳霖，陳靜，解雷

建筑面積：51.5m2

設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間：2019.03

竣工時(shí)間：2019.07

攝影：陳溯

Client:Two households in Yu'er Hutong 6# courtyard

Principal Architects:ZHANG Yue,LIU Xiaozheng,LI Hua,YU Wangzai

Project Team:ZHANG Yichi,ZHENG Wei,DU Xinying,CHEN Cheng,ZHANG Yingran,TIAN Miao

Product Design:LI Hua,XU Na,YOU Zhiwen,HUANG Wentao

Lighting Design:ZHANG Xin,HAN Xiaowei,ZHOU Xuanyu

Electrical Design:WANG Hao,WU Tianji,XU Ke

Construction:JI Jialin,CHEN Jing,XIE Lei

Floor Area:51.5 m2

Design Time:2019.03

Completion Time:2019.07

Photos:CHEN Su

背景與挑戰(zhàn)——從100到0.1

北京老城是“都市計(jì)劃的無比杰作”。然而在近代，隨著城市人口增長和房屋產(chǎn)權(quán)歸屬變化日趨復(fù)雜，老城呈現(xiàn)產(chǎn)權(quán)碎片化和人居環(huán)境質(zhì)量低下。主要挑戰(zhàn)包括居住面積狹小、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施破舊、院內(nèi)違建等。

策略與設(shè)計(jì)——0.1+｜-0.05

“0.1+”開間是老城居民的基本房屋產(chǎn)權(quán)單元，也是中國傳統(tǒng)木構(gòu)建筑的基本空間單元，開間更新即在上述空間范圍內(nèi)通過預(yù)制裝配式模塊置入實(shí)現(xiàn)生活核心功能最大化集成，并提出具有普適可能性的居住戶型改造方案。開間的尺寸具有一定規(guī)律，根據(jù)不同開間尺度和家庭情況，其內(nèi)部空間設(shè)計(jì)可大致分為6 種類型。南鑼鼓巷雨兒胡同6 號(hào)院現(xiàn)有留住居民兩戶，項(xiàng)目在北房進(jìn)行了試點(diǎn)建設(shè)。

“-0.05”通過精細(xì)化設(shè)計(jì)提高空間利用效率和品質(zhì)，實(shí)現(xiàn)自愿違建置換和減量提質(zhì)發(fā)展。在6 號(hào)院L 家的試點(diǎn)中，通過戶內(nèi)復(fù)式家具置入，在不增加房本面積的基礎(chǔ)上使空間復(fù)合利用效率提高24%，戶主自愿拆除違建并獲得了更舒適的現(xiàn)代化生活。營造庭院花園并以鋼絲網(wǎng)對(duì)危墻進(jìn)行保護(hù)隔離，開敞豁亮的院落煥發(fā)生機(jī)。

迭代與更新——從0.1到100

雨兒胡同6 號(hào)院采用裝配式建造，在院落內(nèi)嚴(yán)苛的施工條件和緊張的工期要求下施工速度快、無噪音，對(duì)鄰里影響小，具有低成本、批量生產(chǎn)和推廣的可能性。以技術(shù)和政策創(chuàng)新賦能“0.1+”和“-0.05”不斷迭代，最終推進(jìn)北京老城整體保護(hù)和人居環(huán)境改善。

Context and Challenges:From 100 to 0.1

Beijing's old city is an unparalleled masterpiece of city planning.However,the growth of urban population and the increasingly complex property rights since the modern era has led to the fragmentation and dilapidation of housing stock in the historic neighbourhoods.The prominent challenges include confined living space,shabby infrastructure and unauthorized constructions in the courtyard.

Strategy and Designs:0.1+∣-0.05

"0.1+":The Modular-bay is the basic unit of the housing property and a traditional Chinese timber column building.The Modular-bay upgrading is to insert prefabricated functional modules to maximize the integration of core living functions and to design the upgrading prototypes that can adapt to all modular-bay sizes.The specific size modes that Modular-bays follow and different households need has led to six applicable prototype products.We completed a pilot project in the north building in Yu'er Hutong 6# courtyard at Nanluoguxiang,where two households remained after the voluntary relocation.

"-0.05":The refined high-quality design helps residents utilize the space with efficiency and to fulfil their individual needs,encouraging voluntary replacement of unauthorized construction into space-conscious homes.In Mrs.L's home in the 6# courtyard,the space utilization efficiency was increased by 24% after upgrading,and she removed all unauthorized constructions and enjoyed a healthier modern life.Also,steel mesh wall was used to protect and isolate the dilapidated wall,and the courtyard garden is vibrant again with restored sunshine and ventilation.

1 區(qū)位圖 Location

2.3 室內(nèi)改造前 Interior view before renovation

4 室內(nèi)改造后 Interior view after renovation

5 開間更新戶型方案 Modular-bay upgrading house type plans

6 院落改造前 Courtyard before renovation

7 庭院花園 Courtyard garden

8 胡同立面改造后 Hutong fa?ade after renovation

Replicating and Regeneration:From 0.1 to 100

Showing high speed and low noise,the prefabricated construction in Yu'er Hutong 6# courtyard has successfully coped with strict construction conditions and tight construction schedule and minimized interruption to the neighbourhood.The Modular-bay upgrading has the potential of manufacturing at low cost and replication in hutong neighbourhoods.Empowered by technology and policy innovation,to scale up "0.1+" and "-0.05" will facilitate holistic conservation and rejuvenation of Beijing's old city.

評(píng)委評(píng)語

城市老舊住區(qū)的有機(jī)更新一直是城市發(fā)展過程中面臨的棘手問題。面對(duì)復(fù)雜產(chǎn)權(quán)背景、有限空間條件和人居質(zhì)量需求、傳統(tǒng)合院保護(hù)之間的矛盾，“開間更新”從與居民平等的視角出發(fā)，切實(shí)理解他們在舊區(qū)生活中的實(shí)際困難和顧慮。設(shè)計(jì)著手于基礎(chǔ)空間單元“開間”，以簡明適用的空間模塊、可預(yù)制裝配的建造產(chǎn)品，能快速改善居民生活質(zhì)量，也有助于合院公共環(huán)境修復(fù)，為整個(gè)舊區(qū)提供了適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)、可復(fù)制、可推廣的人居方案，是體現(xiàn)設(shè)計(jì)服務(wù)社會(huì)公平的優(yōu)秀實(shí)踐。

9 首層平面 Ground floor plan

10 夾層平面 Mezzanine floor plan

11 B-B剖面 B-B section

12 A-A剖面 A-A section

13 庭院花園 Courtyard garden

14 院落改造后 Courtyard after renovation

Jury Statement

The organic regeneration of old urban settlements has always been a difficult issue in the process of urban development.Faced with the contradiction between complex property rights,limited space conditions and the need for quality living and the preservation of traditional courtyards,"Modular-bay Upgrading" is designed from an equal perspective with the residents,understanding their practical difficulties and concerns in living in old districts.The design is based on the basic spatial unit "modular-bay",with simple and applicable spatial modules and prefabricated components.The design quickly improves the quality of life of the residents,and also contributes to the restoration of the public environment of the courtyard compound,providing a highly adaptable,replicable habitat solution for the whole district.It is an excellent design practice in the interest of social equality.□(Traslated by WANG Xinxin)

15 廚房模塊 Kitchen module

16 室內(nèi)夾層 Mezzanine space

17 廚房折疊餐桌 Kitchen folding table

18 廚房伸縮水龍頭 Kitchen retractable tap

19 衛(wèi)浴模塊 Bathroom module

20 分解軸測圖 Exploded axonometric

21 室內(nèi)夾層 Mezzanine space

22 室內(nèi)改造后 Interior view after renovation

23 樓梯收納模塊 Staircase storage module