馬斯達爾研究所，阿布扎比，阿聯(lián)酋

福斯特及其合伙人事務所

馬斯達爾研究所致力于研究可持續(xù)發(fā)展，其建筑也是馬斯達爾市首個全生命周期可持續(xù)的建筑。由福斯特及其合伙人事務所設計的總體規(guī)劃融入了已演進幾個世紀的阿拉伯傳統(tǒng)建筑經(jīng)驗。這是首個完全由太陽能驅動的建筑。它將用作可持續(xù)技術的旗艦測試平臺，探索未來在馬斯達爾建筑中運用的可能。這里工作的研究生是馬斯達爾市的首批居民。

總體規(guī)劃的范圍內(nèi)10MW的太陽能場提供的能量比馬斯達爾研究所消耗的能量還多60%，剩余的部分將反饋給阿布扎比電網(wǎng)中。由一棟主樓、一個圖書館和學生宿舍組成的校園，其能源和水的使用顯著低于阿聯(lián)酋建筑的平均水平，特別是研究所及其設施的用水減少了54%，用電減少了51%，并全部由太陽能供電。這些削減是根據(jù)與阿聯(lián)酋類似規(guī)模和功能的建筑標準基線相比較得出的。整個校園約30%的能源由屋頂太陽能板解決，75%的水加熱也由太陽能解決。

馬斯達爾研究所展示了支撐整個總體規(guī)劃的可持續(xù)原則。建筑物有自遮陽的立面，并朝向最大可能提供遮陽的方向，同時為相鄰建筑物及人行道提供陰涼。超過500m2的屋頂設有光伏板，提供能源并為街道層提供更多遮蔽。宿舍的窗戶受到當代的“mashrabiya”（阿拉伯傳統(tǒng)花窗）保護，這是一種具有可持續(xù)性的玻璃—鋼筋混凝土制成的格子狀凸出窗格，采用當?shù)厣匙拥念伾蛊淠軌蛉谌肷衬h(huán)境，并減少所需的維護。窗格的采光和遮陽的穿孔形式來自伊斯蘭教傳統(tǒng)建筑中的圖案。

The Masdar Institute, devoted to researching sustainability, is the first building to be fully operational within Masdar City. The masterplan,by Foster + Partners, incorporates lessons which have evolved over centuries of traditional Arabian architecture. The Masdar Institute is the first building of its kind to be powered entirely by renewable solar energy. It will be used as a pilot test bed for the sustainable technologies that will be explored for implementation in future Masdar City buildings. The post graduate students are Masdar City's first resident community.

A 10 megawatt solar field within the masterplan site provides 60% more energy than is consumed by the Masdar Institute, the remaining energy is fed back to the Abu Dhabi grid. The campus, which consists of a main building, a knowledge centre and students' quarters, will use significantly less energy and water than average buildings in the UAE. In particular, the Institute and its facilities use 54 percent less potable water, 51 percent less electricity and are fully powered by solar energy. These reductions are based on comparisons to UAE standard baselines for buildings of similar size and specifications.Around 30% of the campus's energy will be covered by solar panels on the roof, with 75% of hot water also being heated by the sun.

The Institute demonstrates the sustainable principles underpinning the overall masterplan.The buildings have self-shading fa?ades and are orientated to provide maximum shade as well as sheltering adjacent buildings and the pedestrian streets below. Over 5000 square metres of roof mounted photovoltaic installations provide power and additional shading at street level. Windows in the residential buildings are protected by a contemporary reinterpretation of mashrabiya, a type of latticed projecting oriel window constructed with sustainably developed, glass-reinforced concrete, coloured with local sand to integrate with its desert context and to minimise maintenance. The perforations for light and shade are based on the patterns found in the traditional architecture of Islam.

實驗室通常機動可變，具有“即插即用”的特性，以鼓勵跨學科的研究。水平和垂直方向上的頁片、天窗為實驗室遮陽。這些都是高度絕緣的充氣墊外墻，即使在最強烈的沙漠陽光下也能保持涼爽的觸感。通過對該地區(qū)傳統(tǒng)風塔的現(xiàn)代詮釋，冷卻氣流被引導到公共空間。公共空間通過綠色景觀和水提供蒸發(fā)式冷卻，進一步降溫。福斯特研究團隊在現(xiàn)場進行的熱像儀測試已經(jīng)證實，與阿布扎比市中心相比，校園內(nèi)的輻射及體感溫度大幅降低。

實驗室與宿舍中輔有一系列社交空間，包括健身房、餐廳、咖啡廳、圖書館、“majlis”（會議場所），拓展了城市邊界，創(chuàng)建了城市新旅游目的地的景觀區(qū)。一居室、兩居室或三居室的公寓安排在一片低層高密度區(qū)域，成為與教育實驗環(huán)境截然不同的社交場所。

該建筑屬于4期規(guī)劃中的第一期，最終該機構將收入600～800名學生。4個住宅區(qū)圍繞著中央實驗室和圖書館屬于項目的一期建設，另外還包括一座清真寺、會議廳和體育館。二期于2010年底開啟，包括更多的實驗室和公寓。作為一個試點項目，10輛PRT校車可以從城市周邊進入研究所的地下車庫。

這一項目代表著阿布扎比在碳中和背景下創(chuàng)建一個國際中心來開拓可持續(xù)技術的承諾?！酰嬃璨?譯）

1 外景Exterior view

2 庭院Courtyard

The laboratories are unusually flexible for change with "plug and play" services to encourage interdisciplinary research. Horizontal and vertical fins and brise soleil shade the laboratories. These are highly insulated by fa?ades of inflatable cushions, which remain cool to the touch under the most intense desert sun. Cooling air currents are channelled through the public spaces using a contemporary interpretation of the region's traditional wind towers. The public spaces are further cooled by green landscaping and water to provide evaporative cooling. Thermal camera tests on-site by Fosters' research team have already confirmed substantial drops in radiant or "felt"temperatures on campus compared with current practice in central Abu Dhabi.

The laboratories and residential accommodation are supported by a variety of social spaces, including a gymnasium, canteen, café, knowledge centre,majlis – or meeting place – and landscaped areas that extend the civic realm and help to create a new destination within the city. One, two and threebedroom apartments are housed in low-rise, highdensity blocks, which act as a social counterpoint to the educational laboratory environment.

This building is the first of four planned phases that will bring the eventual student population to 600～800. Four residential blocks surround a central laboratory and the Knowledge Centre, the first in a series of additional campus buildings, which will include a mosque, conference hall and sports complex. The second phase is due to start on site by the end of the year to include further laboratories and apartments. The Masdar Institute is accessed by 10 personal rapid transit (PRT) cars that are being run as a pilot project from the City perimeter to the undercroft below the building.

This project signals Abu Dhabi's commitment to creating an international centre to pioneer sustainable technologies within an environment which is itself carbon neutral.□

3 剖面Section

4 剖面Section

5 首層平面Ground floor plan

6 地下一層平面B1 floor plan

8 可變通透立面Flexible & permeable fa?ade

9 內(nèi)景Interior view of laboratory

7 內(nèi)庭夜景Night view of inner courtyard

11 天井Patio

12 傳統(tǒng)花窗立面Traditional patterns in fa?ade