法國中央理工高等電力學(xué)院，薩克雷，法國

大都會(huì)建筑事務(wù)所

在一個(gè)私有化的時(shí)代，城市正面臨著重大的挑戰(zhàn)：對(duì)公共領(lǐng)域的投資越來越依賴私人資產(chǎn)。由于這種對(duì)集體協(xié)議的重組，建筑的作用往往局限于只注重形狀和表面的視覺影響，而缺乏對(duì)新的教育、社會(huì)和公民層面的貢獻(xiàn)。巴黎中央理工學(xué)院發(fā)起的新工程學(xué)校設(shè)計(jì)競(jìng)賽成為探索如何應(yīng)對(duì)這一嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn)的絕佳機(jī)會(huì)。

實(shí)驗(yàn)室的空間通常是線性的，一個(gè)被無數(shù)走廊分割的大盒子。這種建筑類型在城市環(huán)境中形成了“黑幕”——由于它功能極度的孤立性和內(nèi)部性，建筑成為一面巨大的墻。其實(shí)我們可以將實(shí)驗(yàn)室設(shè)想為開放平面網(wǎng)格中獨(dú)立模塊的集合，在這種情況下，城市可以容納無盡的功能模塊及活動(dòng)。這種方法為不斷變化的需求提供了穩(wěn)定的框架，功能可以根據(jù)需要重組或加強(qiáng)。

這種重構(gòu)意味著自由制定新的學(xué)習(xí)方式，在密集知識(shí)領(lǐng)域內(nèi)促進(jìn)社區(qū)構(gòu)建、多元化和人群的多樣性，同時(shí)確保工程學(xué)院作為教育孵化器的純粹運(yùn)作。OMA的設(shè)計(jì)將城市主義與學(xué)校相結(jié)合，取代了原先校園的同質(zhì)化體驗(yàn)。

“城市實(shí)驗(yàn)室”的概念由此而來。它產(chǎn)生了一種開放城市學(xué)校，結(jié)構(gòu)框架下的創(chuàng)造性無序。通過構(gòu)建一條斜切“城市實(shí)驗(yàn)室”的主街，建筑體驗(yàn)與周圍環(huán)境之間可以無縫銜接，在未來的社區(qū)中心與地鐵站之間提供一條便捷的公共路線。圍繞著這條主干道，項(xiàng)目的功能分布在不同類型和不同規(guī)模的建筑中，在城市網(wǎng)格的次要街道上排布。獨(dú)特的輕質(zhì)屋頂覆蓋了整個(gè)建筑群，在不同建筑之間建立強(qiáng)有力的聯(lián)系，使“外部”的過渡空間隨時(shí)可以自由使用。□（龐凌波 譯）

In an era of privatization, cities are facing a major challenge: investment in the public domain depends increasingly on the private sector. As a result of this reframing of the collective agreement, the role of architecture is often reduced to the visual impact of its shape and surface rather than contributing to a new educational, social and civic dimension. The competition launched by the Ecole Centrale Paris for the design of a new engineering school has become the perfect opportunity to explore ways to answer this demanding challenge.

Laboratories are typically planned as linear buildings, a large box divided by endless corridors. Such a typology creates a "blackout"of the urban conditions; the building becomes a gigantic wall due to its extremely isolated and internalised programmes. We can instead imagine laboratories as a collection of discreet parcels in an open plan grid; in this way, a city can accommodate endless configurations of programmes and activities. This method provides a stable framework for constantly changing requirements; the program may be reconfigured or intensified as necessary.

This re-contextualisation implies freedom to formulate new types of learning styles that promote community, plurality and diversity of the population within a dense field of knowledge,while ensuring the pure operation of the engineering school as an educational incubator.OMA's design integrates urbanism with the school, supplanting the previous homogeneous experience of the campus.

1 主街入口Entrance of the main street

2 總平面Site plan

3 首層平面Ground floor plan

4 二層平面First floor plan

5 三層平面Second floor plan

Thus, the concept of a Lab City was formed.The architecture of the Lab City generates an open urban school, with creative disorder framed under a structural skeleton. By creating a main street, cutting diagonally across the Lab City, the design allows a seamless experience between the building and its surroundings,providing a convenient public route between the future heart of the neighbourhood and thefuture subway station. Around this urban spine,the program is spread in different buildings of various typologies and sizes, organised on an urban grid served by secondary streets. A unique lightweight roof covering the entire complex completes the scheme by creating a strong link between the different buildings and allowing"external" protected spaces to be used freely all year long.□

6 四層平面Third floor plan

7 二層室內(nèi)Interior view of L1

8 立面Fa?ade

9 三層開放空間Open space in L2

10 報(bào)告廳Auditorium

11 首層大廳Main hall in L0