新建筑學(xué)院，奧胡斯，丹麥

ADEPT建筑事務(wù)所

奧胡斯建筑學(xué)院是一個(gè)室內(nèi)室外兼可學(xué)習(xí)、探索建筑的實(shí)驗(yàn)室。該建筑位于鐵路局原址，工業(yè)歷史的痕跡形成了該場(chǎng)所初始的真實(shí)身份。裸露的材料、設(shè)備構(gòu)件及工業(yè)細(xì)部是該建筑的典型特征，與所處的原始粗獷的環(huán)境相協(xié)調(diào)。X機(jī)構(gòu)毗鄰在側(cè)，它是一個(gè)初創(chuàng)企業(yè)和文化產(chǎn)業(yè)形成的另類自建社區(qū)。

有意簡(jiǎn)化的設(shè)計(jì)是對(duì)建筑學(xué)院功能和結(jié)構(gòu)需求的回應(yīng)。在建成后，導(dǎo)師們可以在此實(shí)驗(yàn)新的、當(dāng)代的建筑教育方法，同時(shí)，增強(qiáng)空間識(shí)別性，與成為歐洲最好的建筑學(xué)院之一的雄心相匹配。新建筑是學(xué)院最好的展示窗口，對(duì)公眾而言是可見的，就像空間組織和內(nèi)部透明度使設(shè)計(jì)教室內(nèi)的活動(dòng)對(duì)所有學(xué)生可見和存在一樣。不同于從前強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)性的空間，這是鼓勵(lì)社區(qū)構(gòu)建和協(xié)同工作的建筑。

1 總平面Site plan

2 剖面Section

The Aarhus School of Architecture was designed as a laboratory for learning and exploring architecture, both inside and out.The building is located at a former rail-yard with traces of industrial history forming a raw authentic identity. Characterised by its exposed materials and MEPs, as well as its industrial details, the building design adapts to this unkempt environment, its closest neighbour being Institute for X – an alternative self-build community of start-ups and culture.

The intentional simplicity of the design is a detailed response to the school's need for functional and robust spaces. The completed building allows the tutors to experiment with new and contemporary ways of architecture education, while at the same time providing a stronger spatial identity that matches the ambition of being one of the best architecture schools in Europe. The new building is the school's best showcase allowing activities to become visible to the public, just as the spatial organisation and interior transparency makes studio activities visible and present to all the students. From its former spaces hinting at individuality, this is architecture encouraging communities and synergies.

3 外景Exterior view

4 入口Entrance

The building was completed with designintegrated solutions and the intention of maximising spatial flexibility. A narrow material palette reduces the building's construction resources, including local production and transportation chains where possible. Settling on concrete as the optimal solution when responding to the need for large-scale and resilient spaces, the team behind the project worked closely with the manufacturer to lessen use of material in the construction as well as to maximise use of recycled material. Furthermore,the manufacturer was obliged to work with sustainable production encouraging zero-waste production.

Other sustainable initiatives are the upcycled wood floors made from leftovers from industrial window production and the large library structure spanning several floors. The library is partly made from an up-cycled shelve system from a near-by historic building. The urban landscape surrounding the building is part of a research project aiming to up-cycle leftover construction materials from building to landscape, testing climate adaption solutions and moving biotopes from one location to another. The school will reduce their energy consumption with up to 50% compared to the sum of their former locations.

Designed through co-creation in an innovative partnering model, the new Aarhus School of Architecture shows an alternative direction for cross-disciplinary collaboration in the building industry. The design is based on extensive user and neighbourhood involvement and basically eliminated internal hierarchies in the project organisation to promote a transparent development process and a strong ownership at all levels of the partnership.□

該建筑在完成時(shí)采用了設(shè)計(jì)一體化方案，意圖最大程度地提升空間的靈活性。有限的材料板減少了該建筑所消耗的建筑資源，包括盡可能地使用當(dāng)?shù)氐漠a(chǎn)品和運(yùn)輸鏈。在應(yīng)對(duì)大尺度的、彈性的空間需求時(shí)，混凝土為最佳解決方案。項(xiàng)目團(tuán)隊(duì)通過與制造商密切合作，減少建筑中的材料使用，并盡可能多地使用回收材料。此外，制造商有義務(wù)可持續(xù)生產(chǎn)，鼓勵(lì)零廢物生產(chǎn)。

其他可持續(xù)發(fā)展的舉措還包括用工業(yè)窗戶生產(chǎn)的剩余材料制成的回收木地板，以及跨越幾層樓的大型圖書館結(jié)構(gòu)。圖書館部分是由附近的歷史建筑中回收的書架體系搭建。圍繞該建筑的城市景觀同樣也是研究項(xiàng)目的一部分，旨在回收剩余的建筑材料，在景觀中進(jìn)行再利用，實(shí)驗(yàn)氣候適應(yīng)方案，遷移生物群落。新建筑學(xué)院將比以前所有校址的能源消耗之和減少高達(dá)50%。

通過創(chuàng)新合作模式中的共同創(chuàng)造來設(shè)計(jì)，新奧胡斯建筑學(xué)院為建筑行業(yè)的跨學(xué)科合作展示了另一個(gè)方向。該設(shè)計(jì)基于廣泛的用戶和鄰里參與，基本消除了項(xiàng)目組織結(jié)構(gòu)中存在的等級(jí)差異，推動(dòng)公開透明的開發(fā)方式，激發(fā)所有參與主體的強(qiáng)烈自主性。□（龐凌波 譯）

5 剖面透視Visual section

6 首層平面Ground floor plan

7 屋頂平面Rooftop plan

8 屋頂城市景觀Cityscape on the rooftop

9 公共空間Shared space

10 圖書館的回收書架體系Recycled bookshelves system of the library