透過廣西“兩會”發(fā)展規(guī)劃，聽見中國—東盟開放合作強(qiáng)音

鐘霜霞

一灣相挽十一國，良性互動?xùn)|中西。沿海、沿江、沿邊的廣西是中國唯一一個與東盟國家陸海相連的省區(qū)，在這個中國對接?xùn)|盟的前沿和窗口，你可以看見廣西描繪的美好發(fā)展藍(lán)圖，聽見全方位開放發(fā)展的強(qiáng)音。

2022年新年開局之際，加強(qiáng)中國—東盟合作再次成為廣西未來發(fā)展規(guī)劃的重點(diǎn)任務(wù)之一。在1月16日至20日召開的廣西壯族自治區(qū)第十三屆人民代表大會第五次會議以及廣西壯族自治區(qū)政協(xié)十二屆五次會議（以下簡稱“兩會”）上，代表委員們熱力聚焦中國—東盟各領(lǐng)域合作優(yōu)異的“成績單”，熱切期盼中國—東盟合作奮楫揚(yáng)帆再出發(fā)。

高質(zhì)量引領(lǐng)廣西開放發(fā)展

近年來，廣西面向東盟合作成果風(fēng)生水起逐浪高。

2020～2021年，東盟連續(xù)2年成為中國最大貿(mào)易伙伴，特別是2021年中國和東盟貿(mào)易保持高速增長，總額達(dá)8782億美元，同比增長28.1%。可以說在新冠肺炎疫情重創(chuàng)全球經(jīng)濟(jì)的背景下，中國—東盟經(jīng)貿(mào)合作的良好態(tài)勢為穩(wěn)定地區(qū)發(fā)展樹立了全球典范，為世界經(jīng)濟(jì)擺脫復(fù)蘇困局給出了一個值得參考的答案。

這份優(yōu)異的“成績單”來之不易，中國—東盟合作提質(zhì)升級的每一步腳印也都有跡可循。在地處中國南疆、毗鄰東盟，區(qū)位優(yōu)勢得天獨(dú)厚的廣西，可以看到其敞開大門對東盟全方位開放合作的身影。

廣西壯族自治區(qū)主席藍(lán)天立在2022年的廣西“兩會”上作《政府工作報告》時介紹：“2021年，廣西狠抓重大平臺建設(shè)，西部陸海新通道建設(shè)取得突破，北部灣港開啟通航30萬噸級巨輪的歷史，集裝箱吞吐量突破600萬標(biāo)箱，海鐵聯(lián)運(yùn)班列突破6000列。”

北部灣畔崛起國際門戶港。2021年，北部灣港集裝箱及貨物吞吐量增速在全國前10名的沿海港口中繼續(xù)保持領(lǐng)跑地位。作為西部陸海新通道的重要節(jié)點(diǎn)，廣西北部灣港在建設(shè)成為聯(lián)通中國內(nèi)陸腹地進(jìn)入東盟國家的重要國際門戶港過程中，已然駛向了快車道。

敞開大門謀發(fā)展，勇立潮頭再爭先。位于中國—東盟空間樞紐位置的中國（廣西）自由貿(mào)易試驗(yàn)區(qū)也為構(gòu)建中國—東盟命運(yùn)共同體作出了新的貢獻(xiàn)。藍(lán)天立在《政府工作報告》中提到，2021年，中國（廣西）自由貿(mào)易試驗(yàn)區(qū)改革試點(diǎn)任務(wù)實(shí)施率95%，入駐企業(yè)超5.6萬家。南寧、崇左跨境電商綜合試驗(yàn)區(qū)進(jìn)出口額分別增長2.6倍、10倍。

中國—東盟合作則是中國（廣西）自由貿(mào)易試驗(yàn)區(qū)最獨(dú)具一格的特色。其中，位于欽州港片區(qū)的中國和馬來西亞“兩國雙園”2021年再次打開開放合作的新格局，交出了一份令人可喜的答卷。根據(jù)欽州港片區(qū)發(fā)布的2021年經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展綜述顯示，2021年，中馬產(chǎn)業(yè)園構(gòu)建了全國首條中國—馬來西亞燕窩跨境產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈;獲得中國人民銀行批復(fù)同意將跨境人民幣雙向流動便利化政策在廣西自貿(mào)區(qū)全面推廣，境外項(xiàng)目貸款政策從馬來西亞關(guān)丹產(chǎn)業(yè)園區(qū)推廣到東盟全域。

對于廣西這個邊疆省區(qū)來說，全球最大自貿(mào)協(xié)定《區(qū)域全面經(jīng)濟(jì)伙伴關(guān)系協(xié)定》（RCEP）的正式生效，更是為廣西帶來了全方位開放發(fā)展的歷史新機(jī)遇。根據(jù)協(xié)議，RCEP生效后，已核準(zhǔn)成員國之間90%以上的貨物貿(mào)易將最終實(shí)現(xiàn)零關(guān)稅。南寧海關(guān)統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)顯示，2021年，廣西外貿(mào)規(guī)模再創(chuàng)歷史新高，進(jìn)出口達(dá)5930.6億元，同比增長22.2%。其中，對RCEP其他成員國進(jìn)出口占比達(dá)到3209.1億元，同比增長18.9%。

加速對接RCEP 謀篇布局向海經(jīng)濟(jì)

“廣西發(fā)展的潛力在開放、后勁在開放、未來在開放?！彼{(lán)天立說。

未來，廣西將如何搶抓RCEP實(shí)施機(jī)遇，高水平共建西部陸海新通道，主動服務(wù)構(gòu)建中國—東盟命運(yùn)共同體，推動更高水平開放？在廣西“兩會”上提出的2022年發(fā)展目標(biāo)和重點(diǎn)任務(wù)可以看到，廣西正為助力中國—東盟合作謀篇布局，而來自代表委員們的真知灼見也讓廣西高水平開放路線圖愈加明晰。

在2022年的工作計(jì)劃中，廣西明確了加速對東盟全方位合作的具體方向：“廣西將務(wù)實(shí)對接RCEP實(shí)施，推動中國—東盟博覽會、中國—東盟商務(wù)與投資峰會升級發(fā)展，加快建設(shè)中國—東盟進(jìn)出口大宗商品交易平臺、中國—東盟數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)業(yè)園等項(xiàng)目?！彼{(lán)天立說。

廣西政協(xié)委員，廣西國際博覽事務(wù)局局長，中國—東盟博覽會秘書處秘書長王雷在“兩會”上接受記者采訪時表示，“第19屆東博會也一定在服務(wù)RCEP上邁出新步伐?！?王雷透露，東博會將密切關(guān)注RCEP落地實(shí)施情況，進(jìn)一步提升RCEP展區(qū)質(zhì)量，邀請更多新優(yōu)質(zhì)企業(yè)參展參會，并舉辦面向RCEP成員國的企業(yè)經(jīng)貿(mào)活動，推動?xùn)|博會升級發(fā)展，助力中國和東盟的經(jīng)濟(jì)提質(zhì)升級。

RCEP的生效實(shí)施將給廣西帶來多重發(fā)展機(jī)遇，廣西如何加快對接國際經(jīng)貿(mào)新規(guī)則，推出一批高質(zhì)量實(shí)施RCEP規(guī)則的“廣西經(jīng)驗(yàn)”？廣西人大代表，廣西商務(wù)廳廳長楊春庭對此談到，未來，廣西將高質(zhì)量推動RCEP 701項(xiàng)約束類義務(wù)落地，發(fā)揮RCEP項(xiàng)下廣西貨物貿(mào)易潛力商品清單和服務(wù)貿(mào)易優(yōu)勢領(lǐng)域清單引導(dǎo)作用，推廣使用廣西企業(yè)RCEP貨物貿(mào)易智能服務(wù)系統(tǒng)，進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大與貿(mào)易伙伴經(jīng)貿(mào)往來。

值得一提的是，《政府工作報告》中還提出，廣西計(jì)劃2022年開工建設(shè)平陸運(yùn)河、黃桶至百色鐵路等重大項(xiàng)目。這無疑是廣西建設(shè)中國—東盟國際大通道的重大舉措，將有力支撐廣西向海經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。

向海而興，向海圖強(qiáng)。謀劃打造向海經(jīng)濟(jì)是2022年廣西工作計(jì)劃里最為突出工作內(nèi)容之一。擁有西江黃金水道、出海港口和中越邊境通商口岸的廣西，建設(shè)高水平的西部陸海新通道，提高與東盟國家合作水平、積極融入“一帶一路”大格局勢在必得。

對此，廣西人大代表、廣西北部灣國際港務(wù)集團(tuán)董事長李延強(qiáng)稱，將全力建好港口，支持地方建設(shè)產(chǎn)業(yè)園，做大做強(qiáng)臨港產(chǎn)業(yè)，共同培育和發(fā)展向海經(jīng)濟(jì)。廣西人大代表、欽州市市長王雄昌亦表示，欽州將建好國際門戶港，發(fā)展向海經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚區(qū)，力爭“十四五”末，海洋經(jīng)濟(jì)總產(chǎn)值占據(jù)全市GDP的半壁江山。

在2021年出臺的《廣西向海經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃（2021-2035年）》中，深化與東盟國家海洋交流合作，積極探索構(gòu)建互利共贏的藍(lán)色伙伴關(guān)系，助力共建中國—東盟海洋命運(yùn)共同體也成為廣西未來發(fā)展向海經(jīng)濟(jì)的定位之一?？梢云诖氖牵瑥V西出海通邊、對接?xùn)|盟的全方位開放新格局即將逐步顯現(xiàn)。

Guangxi is the only region in China that connects ASEAN countries by land and sea and surrounding provinces by rivers thus earning the reputation of “l(fā)inking eleven countries with one gulf and being able to promote the positive interaction between the east， central， and west of China”. Here in Guangxi， China’s frontier and window to ASEAN， you can see the promising future of all-round opening and development in the blueprint it depicted.

At the beginning of the new year 2022， strengthening China-ASEAN cooperation again becomes one of the priorities in the development plan of Guangxi. In the fifth session of the 13th People’s Congress of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and the fifth session of the 12th Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference （CPPCC） Guangxi Committee （Two Sessions） held from January 16 to 20， members centered on the achievements made in China-ASEAN cooperation and looked forward to both sides setting sailing again for better scores.

China-ASEAN cooperation with remarkable achievements

ASEAN became China’s largest trading partner in two consecutive years from 2020 to 2021， especially in 2021， bilateral trade grew rapidly， with the total amount reaching US$ 8，782， a year-on-year increase of 28.1%. Under the severe situation of global economy being fatally hit by the COVID-19 pandemic， China-ASEAN economic and trade cooperation has developed in a good momentum， setting an example for stabilizing regional development around the globe and providing a solution for the world to emerge from the economic crisis.

These outstanding accomplishments were not easily attained. China-ASEAN cooperation has left traceable footprints on its way to realize quality improvement and upgradation. In Guangxi， a region with the geological advantages of locating in the south of China and adjacent to ASEAN， one can see the door it has opened for all-round cooperation with ASEAN.

When Lan Tianli， Governor of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region， made a report on the work of the government in the 2022 Two Sessions， he said that in 2021， Guangxi conscientiously promoted the construction of major projects， with breakthroughs made in the New Western Land-Sea Corridor. For example， Beibu Gulf Port was navigable for 300，000-ton ships， achieved a container throughput of over 6 million TEUs， and put into operation more than 6，000 sea-rail combined trains.

Along the Beibu Gulf， an international gateway rose. In 2021， Beibu Gulf Port continued to take the lead in the growth rate of container and cargo throughput among the top 10 coastal ports in China. As the major node in the New Western Land-Sea Corridor， Guangxi Beibu Gulf Port has made rapid progress in building itself an important international gateway to connect inland China and access ASEAN countries.

Upholding the principle of “Opening doors wider for development and gaining a strong foothold in the strong tide of competition”， China （Guangxi） Pilot Free Trade Zone （GXFTZ） which locates in the critical position in China-ASEAN region also made new contributions to building China-ASEAN community of a shared future. Lan Tianli mentioned in the Report on the Work of the Government that in 2021， GXFTZ completed 95% of its tasks in pilot reform， with more than 56，000 enterprises making presence in the GXFTZ and an increase of 2.6 times and 10 times in the import and export volume in Nanning and Chongzuo Cross-border E-commerce Comprehensive Pilot Zone respectively.

China-ASEAN cooperation is the most distinctive feature reflected in GXFTZ. What is worth mentioning is that in 2021， a new pattern of opening and cooperation was taken shape in the “Two Countries， Twin Parks” cooperation between China and Malaysia in Qinzhou Port Area， achieving results that satisfy the people. According to the Summary on 2021 Economic Development released by Qinzhou Port Area， in 2021， China-Malaysia Qinzhou Industrial Park formed the first China-Malaysia cross-border industrial chain of raw bird’s nest in China and received the approval from People’s Bank of China to implement the cross-border RMB two-way flow facilitation policy in GXFTZ and loan policy for overseas project from Malaysia-China Kuantan Industrial Park to the whole ASEAN region.

For Guangxi， a border region， the entry into force of the world’s biggest free trade agreement — Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership （RCEP） agreement has brought it historic new opportunities for all-round opening and development. According to the agreement， after its entry into force， more than 90% of the trade in goods will realize zero tariff among ratified member states. Statistics from Nanning Customs showed that in 2021， the scale of foreign trade in Guangxi hit a record high， with the total volume of import and export reaching RMB 593.06 billion yuan， a year-on-year increase of 22.2%. Among them， the volume of import and export to RCEP member countries except ASEAN accounted for a high proportion， up to RMB 320.91 billion yuan， a year-on-year increase of 18.9%.

Accelerating the docking with RCEP to make well-crafted plans and arrangements for seaward economy

“Guangxi’s potential lies in opening， momentum lies in opening， and future lies in opening，” said Lan Tianli.

What measures will Guangxi take to seize the opportunities brought by the RCEP， build the New Western Land-Sea Corridor at a high level， and serve the China-ASEAN community with a shared future， so that to achieve higher-level opening？ From the development goal and major tasks in 2022 put forward in the two sessions， one can see that Guangxi has made detailed plans and arrangements to promote China-ASEAN cooperation. Valuable insights from deputies and members also made the blueprint of Guangxi’s high-level opening more clear.

According to Lan Tianli， in the 2022 work plan， Guangxi made clear the direction of all-round cooperation with ASEAN that is to adapt to the RCEP， upgrade China-ASEAN Expo and China-ASEAN Business and Investment Summit， and accelerate the implementation of projects such as China-ASEAN commodity trading platform and China-ASEAN digital economy industrial park.

Wang Lei， Member of CPPCC Guangxi Committee， Director-General of Guangxi International Expo Affairs Bureau， and Secretary-General of CAEXPO Secretary， said in an interview during the two sessions： “The 19th CAEXPO will take new measures in serving the RCEP.” He also said that the CAEXPO would closely follow the implementation of RCEP， further improve the RCEP exhibition hall， invite more high-level enterprises to participate in the CAEXPO， hold economic and trade activities facing RCEP member countries， and upgrade the CAEXPO， thereby promoting China and ASEAN to achieve a better-quality and upgraded economy.

The entry into force of RCEP will bring many development opportunities to Guangxi. How will this region align with the new international economic and trade rules and sum up its experience in effectively implementing RCEP rules for others to replicate？ Yang Chunting， Deputy of Guangxi People’s Congress and Director-General of Department of Commerce of Guangxi， said Guangxi would promote the landing of 701 binding obligations of RCEP， give play to the guiding role of the List of? Potential Goods in Guangxi’s Trade in Goods and the List of Advantageous Areas in Guangxi’s Trade in Services under RCEP， popularize the intelligent service system on trade in goods within RCEP for Guangxi enterprises， and further expand economic and trade exchanges with trading partners.

It is worth mentioning that in the Report on the Work of the Government， Guangxi plans to start the construction of major projects like Pinglu Canal and Huangtong-Baise Railway. This is undoubtedly Guangxi’s major step in building the China-ASEAN International Channel， which will give a strong support to the development of seaward economy in Guangxi.

Developing seaward economy is one of the major tasks in Guangxi’s 2022 work plan. Guangxi， boasting the Wijiang Golden Waterway， ports accessing to sea， and China-Vietnam border port， no doubt will achieve the goal of building the New Western Land-Sea Corridor at a high level， improving the cooperation level with ASEAN countries， and integrating into the Belt and Road.

Li Yanqiang， Deputies of Guangxi People’s Congress and Chairman of Guangxi Beibu Gulf International Port Group， said the Group would construct ports well support the construction of local industrial parks， and expand and strengthen port industries， to foster and develop seaward economy. Wang Xiongchang， Deputies of Guangxi People’s Congress and Mayor of Qinzhou City， said Qinzhou would complete the task of building an international gateway port， develop an industrial agglomeration area for seaward economy， and strive to make the total output value of seaward economy account for half of the city’s GDP by the end of the 14th Five-Year period.

In the Guangxi Seaward Economy Development Strategic Plan （2021-2025） issued in 2021， we can found that deepening maritime economic exchanges and cooperation with ASEAN countries， actively exploring and building a mutually beneficial and win-win blue partnership， and promoting the construction of a China-ASEAN maritime community with a shared future were also the development direction of Guangxi’s seaward economy. It is expected that a new pattern of all-round opening to seaward and border economy and ASEAN will appear in our sights soon.

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