歷史文化凝名城

文／本刊編輯部

中華民族擁有五千年的悠久歷史，創(chuàng)造了輝煌燦爛的華夏文明。在這數(shù)千年的歷史風云變幻中，曾經(jīng)誕生過無數(shù)個大大小小的城市，有些城市已經(jīng)被歷史的黃沙掩埋，有些則歷經(jīng)千年延續(xù)至今。這些青史留名的城市中，有的是古代王朝都城，有的是經(jīng)濟重鎮(zhèn)、軍事關(guān)隘，有的是重大歷史事件的見證地……她們都因具有各自鮮明的特色，在中國不同的歷史時期各領(lǐng)風騷；她們的一磚一瓦、一草一木，都是歷史的見證與傳承，彌足珍貴。

1982年，為了保護這些重要城市及其文物古跡免受破壞，“歷史文化名城”的概念被正式提出，國務(wù)院確定并公布的國家歷史文化名城均為保存文物特別豐富、具有重大歷史價值或者紀念意義，且正在延續(xù)使用的城市。截至2021年11月7日，國務(wù)院已將138座城市列為國家歷史文化名城。

山東自古以來就是文明禮儀之地，是華夏文明的中心發(fā)源地之一，齊魯文化底蘊深厚?！褒R魯”一名，始于先秦齊、魯兩國。齊魯文化，確切地說是齊文化和魯文化的融合。齊文化尚功利，魯文化重倫理；齊文化講求革新，魯文化尊重傳統(tǒng)。兩種文化在發(fā)展中逐漸有機地融合在一起，形成了具有豐富歷史內(nèi)涵的齊魯文化。齊魯文化在中華文明傳承、發(fā)展過程中發(fā)揮著承前啟后的重要作用，留下燦爛文化和豐富遺產(chǎn)，這也讓山東自1982年國務(wù)院公布第一批歷史文化名城以來，坐擁曲阜、濟南、青島、聊城、鄒城、臨淄、泰安、蓬萊、煙臺、青州10座國家歷史文化名城。

濟南是全國唯一一座因泉而生的國家級歷史文化名城，具有獨特的“山泉湖河城”融為一體的風貌特色。圖／郭曉娟Jinan is the sole state-level historical and cultural city famous for springs in China,and has the unique feature of integrating “mountains,springs,lakes,rivers and the city”.

有歷史故事的城市，未來才會有多彩的生活，“讓歷史文脈成為支撐城市發(fā)展的根”已經(jīng)成為城市建設(shè)和發(fā)展不可或缺的重要一環(huán)。不少城市經(jīng)過多方面共同努力，在歷史文化名城保護上逐步摸索出了一些行之有效的方法：越來越重視精細化保護措施的落地，在規(guī)劃編制體系上下功夫；將歷史建筑活化利用，“嵌入”城市文化脈絡(luò)中；充分展示地域文化特色，突破“千城一面”的禁錮。

如今，厚重的歷史文化底蘊疊加新興產(chǎn)業(yè)的蓬勃朝氣，讓這些歷經(jīng)歲月洗禮的古老城市歷久彌新，煥發(fā)出獨特魅力。若您來齊魯大地游歷，可在泰山之巔抒發(fā)“一覽眾山小”的壯志，可在濟南體味“家家泉水，戶戶垂楊”的泉城風貌，亦可在曲阜感受“至今齊魯遺風在，十萬人家盡讀書”的文化底蘊，還可在蓬萊閣上吹著海風領(lǐng)略人間仙境的逍遙自在……當然，也可以沿著時間長河逆流而上，在這些城市中尋找中國最古老的文明。

Since ancient times,Shandong has been a land of civilized etiquette,and one of the central cradles of the Chinese civilization,with profound deposits of the Qilu culture.There have been 10 state-level historical and cultural cities in Shandong,namely Qufu,Jinan,Qingdao,Liaocheng,Zoucheng,Linzi,Tai’an,Penglai,Yantai,and Qingzhou since the publication of the first batch of famous historical and cultural cities by the State Council in 1982.

“Making the historical context the root that supports city development” has become an indispensable part of city construction and development.With joint efforts in various aspects,many cities have gradually explored some effective methods in the protection of famous historical and cultural cities:attaching increasing importance to the implementation of fine protection measures,making efforts in system planning;activating and utilizing historic buildings,embedding them into the cul-tural context of a city;fully displaying regional cultural characteristics,and breaking the limitation of “Cities with the Same Images”.

Nowadays,with the superposition of profound cultural and historical deposits and vibrant emerging industries,these old cities seem unfading and radiant with unique charm after going through many years.If you visit the land of Qilu,you may achieve the ambition of“dwarfing all peaks” on the top of Mount Tai;enjoy the landscape of“bubbling springs and weeping willows around every household” in the City of Springs,Jinan;as you sense the cultural deposits—“The legacy of Qilu still remains;numerous households maintain a reading habit”in Qufu;enjoy the free and unrestrained state of fairyland on earth in the sea wind in Penglai Pavilion...Certainly,you may also row against the current along the river of time to seek the oldest Chinese civilization in these cities.