China’s Triumph over Poverty中國脫貧攻堅(jiān)取得全面勝利

費(fèi)爾哈特·阿西夫 譯/趙敏 Farhat Asif

China has announced a complete victory over the extreme poverty that the country was facing and fighting for the past many decades. In February 2021， Chinese President Xi Jinping in his address declared this much awaited victory to an important gathering at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing to mark the countrys triumph. The gathering was arranged to honor the hardworking and courageous people who had joined in the fight against poverty in the country.

During the ceremony President Xi presented certificates， medals， awards and commemorations to these outstanding heroes. There were government officials， party workers， villagers， civil society leaders， academicians and economists in the ceremony. This was a unique event meant to celebrate the countrys resilience and commitment to help people of the country enjoy the fruits of prosperity. President Xi Jinping himself has presided over seven symposiums to address the poverty alleviation drive over the past eight years since his inception as President of the Peoples Republic of China. During this period， he has also made more than 50 research tours across China in the 14 hard and impoverished areas in the country to support the great cause of poverty alleviation.

The miraculous journey of fight against poverty has not only been recognized at the national level but the world is mesmerized by the resilience and hard work by the Chinese leadership， officials， people of the country and how well they came out stronger and powerful against the odds. Under the guidance and leadership of President Xi， Chinas fight against poverty is yet to be seen anywhere in the world as nearly 99 million people living under rural circumstances and below the poverty line have been lifted out of those challenging living conditions. China has also met that goal in the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development ahead of time which is another remarkable achievement no one has ever achieved so far. UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres has also acknowledged the fact that Chinas anti-poverty drive has helped reduce 70% global poverty over the years.

Chinas fight against poverty is a story of making impossible possible. Its a story of remarkable achievement that will go down in the history of mankind as an outstanding contribution to building a world full of equality， justice and prosperity. Chinese leadership while realizing the essence of poverty， developed its theoretical and practical understanding to implement an action plan with Chinese characteristics and resolve the economic deprivation of the people.

Party leadership， governments at different levels and every individual in the Chinese society and government played its constructive role in poverty alleviation efforts. Without consistent， honest and hard efforts this could not have been possible. The relief work was led by a visionary， unified， focused and honest leadership of Communist Party of China with 90 million members across the country. At all levels， from villages to the cities and then to the top level， party leadership reflected their utmost commitment to reach targets. Funds were allocated， duties were assigned to help people by providing them with assistance in job allocation， encouragement to use business models， investment plans， effective and optimum use of the new technologies were deployed to help eradicate poverty and rebuild lives in remote villages. Access to health care， education and basic needs were met through wide range of reforms and support system that was managed and channeled through the large network of leadership of CPC.

To stop corruption， CPC always remained on its toes to build the justice system and strengthen it at all levels. Poverty reduction and empowering people for economic prosperity has remained the top priority of Communist Party of China since the party took power in 1949. The objective has been achieved but this is not something that will make the Chinese people rest rather there is a strong resolve amongst the leadership and people to continue the efforts in the right direction.

This is a beginning of the new life and to keep this sustained for a longer period of time， there is no rest till the consolidation of all efforts towards one goal. The leadership has made resolve to initiate a drive of “rural vitalization” an important step towards modernization of economy. This plan was revealed in the two sessions for the year 2021–2025. Discussions have been made on the prevention from relapsing of poverty， focusing on agriculture， rural areas development， engaging farmer and prioritizing the focus on not to leave anyone behind in this common prosperity drive.

Another important document was the report by New China Research think tank under Xinhua News Agency entitled “Chinese Poverty Alleviation Studies： A Political Economic Perspective”. This report has in-depth discussions and views from foreign experts on Chinese poverty alleviation drive. The report suggests that the miraculous methods and techniques that China has used to fight poverty should be considered as a separate field of studies for the world to not only get inspired but also use them to help humanity to fight the menace. The report highlighting and summarizing the last eight years achievements and lessons focused on the rationale behind this study has been discussed at length the global implications of such efforts.

This important document is worth studying and understanding as it not only contributes to overall intellectual and theoretical understanding for academicians and researchers alike but also helps in taking important actions in the right direction. One important lesson apart from others is that the main principle was to focus on building pro-poor market， policies wherein government and society worked together to emancipate the poor and help them contribute to the society. China is not only a learner but a leader and innovator too in the fight against poverty. Code of Chinas poverty alleviation drive can be deciphered as mainly five Ds， which were the keys to this entire process： determined leadership， development oriented， decentralized delivery， data-based governance and detailed blueprint. These principles helped to achieve the miracle that we are witnessing today.

As a result of the pandemic globally， poverty increased to manifold across the world and China was no exception. However， this huge challenge could not stop the Chinese resolve to solve this issue. Due to commitment of the leadership and peoples resolve， China delivered the promise and set as an example for the developing countries， including Pakistan， on how to fight back the odds and come out stronger and positive.

With grace and kindness full of compassion， society and Chinese leadership embraced the challenge and helped their people to live with dignity and prosperity. The example that was set forth by this greatest nations men and women is remarkable. This is not only to study and engage to know more but this will go down in the history of the world as how a nation transformed itself to set an example that others will continue to follow and learn.

中國宣布消除絕對貧困的全面勝利，而過去幾十年中國一直正視貧困問題并進(jìn)行著脫貧攻堅(jiān)戰(zhàn)。2021年2月，習(xí)近平主席在北京人民大會堂舉行的全國脫貧攻堅(jiān)總結(jié)表彰大會上講話，宣告了這個令人期待萬分的勝利。這次大會是為了表彰在脫貧攻堅(jiān)戰(zhàn)中辛勤、勇敢奮斗的人。

在大會上，習(xí)近平主席向這些杰出的英雄頒授了證書、獎?wù)?、獎牌和紀(jì)念品。出席大會的有政府官員、黨務(wù)工作者、村民、社會團(tuán)體領(lǐng)袖、學(xué)者和經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家。這是一次獨(dú)特的活動，旨在慶祝國家百折不撓的決心和承諾，即幫助本國人民享受繁榮發(fā)展果實(shí)。習(xí)近平主席自擔(dān)任中華人民共和國國家主席以來，8年內(nèi)主持過7次扶貧工作座談會。在此期間，他還在中國14個特困地區(qū)進(jìn)行了50多次考察，以支持扶貧大業(yè)。

中國奇跡般的脫貧攻堅(jiān)之旅不僅在全國得到認(rèn)可，而且全世界都震驚于中國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人、官員和人民的百折不撓與艱苦奮斗，震驚于他們?nèi)绾卧谀婢持凶兊酶訌?qiáng)大。在習(xí)主席的指導(dǎo)和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，近9900萬生活在農(nóng)村和貧困線以下的人已擺脫困難的生活條件，中國的脫貧成就是世界上其他任何地方都聞所未聞的。中國還提前實(shí)現(xiàn)了聯(lián)合國2030年可持續(xù)發(fā)展議程中的減貧目標(biāo)，這是另一項(xiàng)迄今為止還沒有誰取得的顯著成就。聯(lián)合國秘書長安東尼奧·古特雷斯也承認(rèn)，中國多年來的脫貧工作幫助全球減少了70%的貧困。

中國的脫貧是一個化不可能為可能的過程。中國對建設(shè)一個充滿平等、正義和繁榮的世界做出了杰出貢獻(xiàn)，這一卓越成就將載入人類歷史。中國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人在認(rèn)識到貧困本質(zhì)的同時，深化理論和實(shí)踐認(rèn)識，實(shí)施具有中國特色的行動計(jì)劃，解決人民的經(jīng)濟(jì)貧困問題。

黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)層、各級政府以及社會群眾和公務(wù)人員，都在扶貧工作中發(fā)揮了建設(shè)性作用。如果沒有持續(xù)、認(rèn)真的艱苦努力，這是不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的。在中國擁有9000萬黨員的中國共產(chǎn)黨團(tuán)結(jié)統(tǒng)一、高瞻遠(yuǎn)矚、專心致志、一心為民，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)了扶貧工作。從農(nóng)村到城市，再到中央，黨的各級領(lǐng)導(dǎo)都履行了他們對實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的最高承諾。政府分配資金、指派任務(wù)，幫助就業(yè)、鼓勵創(chuàng)業(yè)、進(jìn)行投資、充分有效地利用新技術(shù)，以幫助偏遠(yuǎn)村落消除貧困并重建生活。中國共產(chǎn)黨組織強(qiáng)大，其管理和調(diào)撥的保障系統(tǒng)以及廣泛的改革使得醫(yī)療、教育和基本需求得到滿足。

為了遏制腐敗，中國共產(chǎn)黨始終保持警覺，建立并加強(qiáng)各級司法體系。自1949年執(zhí)政以來，減輕貧困、讓人民富起來一直是中國共產(chǎn)黨的首要任務(wù)。脫貧目標(biāo)已經(jīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)，但這并不會讓中國人民松勁歇腳，相反，抱有堅(jiān)定信念的中共中央和人民會乘勢而上、接續(xù)奮斗。

這是新生活的起點(diǎn)。為了讓減貧成果長久延續(xù)，在為這一成果所做的努力得到鞏固之前，中國不會松勁歇腳。中共中央堅(jiān)決推進(jìn)“鄉(xiāng)村振興”，把它作為邁向經(jīng)濟(jì)現(xiàn)代化的重要一步。2021年全國兩會通過的“十四五”規(guī)劃中公布了這一目標(biāo)。會上就防止返貧進(jìn)行了討論，大會聚焦“三農(nóng)”問題，重點(diǎn)關(guān)注實(shí)現(xiàn)共同富裕，不讓任何人掉隊(duì)。

新華社國家高端智庫發(fā)布的《中國減貧學(xué)——政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)視野下的中國減貧理論與實(shí)踐》報(bào)告是另一份重要文件。該報(bào)告就中國扶貧工作進(jìn)行了深入討論，并加入了外國專家的見解。該報(bào)告建議，中國用以戰(zhàn)勝貧困的神奇方法和技巧，應(yīng)被視為一個獨(dú)立的研究領(lǐng)域，讓全世界借鑒，并利用它們幫助人類戰(zhàn)勝貧困。該報(bào)告強(qiáng)調(diào)并總結(jié)了過去八年的成就和經(jīng)驗(yàn)，重點(diǎn)闡述了這項(xiàng)研究背后的基本原理，并詳細(xì)討論了這些做法對全球的意義。

這一重要文件值得研究和體會，因?yàn)樗粌H有助于學(xué)者和研究人員全面理解知識和理論，而且有助于在正確的方向上采取重要行動。其中一個重要經(jīng)驗(yàn)是，減貧的主要原則是注重建立“益貧市場”機(jī)制，即政府和社會共同努力解放貧困人口并幫助他們?yōu)樯鐣龀鲐暙I(xiàn)。在消除貧困的斗爭中，中國不僅是一個學(xué)習(xí)者，也是一個領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者和創(chuàng)新者。中國減貧工作的“密碼”主要可以破譯為五點(diǎn)，它們是整個過程的關(guān)鍵：堅(jiān)強(qiáng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、發(fā)展導(dǎo)向、分級實(shí)施、數(shù)字管理和細(xì)繪藍(lán)圖。這些原則都幫助實(shí)現(xiàn)了我們今天所目睹的奇跡。

由于全球新冠疫情暴發(fā)，貧困在全世界范圍內(nèi)激增，中國也不例外。然而，這一巨大挑戰(zhàn)并不能阻止中國解決貧困問題的決心。由于中共中央的投入和人民的決心，中國兌現(xiàn)了承諾，并為包括巴基斯坦在內(nèi)的發(fā)展中國家樹立了榜樣，展示了如何克服困難，變得更加強(qiáng)大和自信。

中國社會和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人滿腔熱情，優(yōu)雅而友善地迎接挑戰(zhàn)，幫助人民過上有尊嚴(yán)的富足生活。這個最偉大國家的人民樹立了非凡的榜樣。中國自身實(shí)現(xiàn)了轉(zhuǎn)型，為其他國家提供了學(xué)習(xí)和效仿的典范，這不僅值得進(jìn)一步了解研究，也將彪炳史冊。

（譯者為“《英語世界》杯”翻譯大賽獲獎?wù)撸?/p>