雅思寫作詞匯（5）：萬能高分詞 匯（三續(xù)）

在“雅思寫作詞匯”系列里，老雅已經(jīng)指出，在一篇250詞左右的雅思作文中，如果準(zhǔn)確使用了10—15個(gè)在4500這個(gè)幅度內(nèi)的詞匯，那么在“詞匯幅度”這一評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中就能得到高分，而其余的240詞則建議使用2500幅度（也就是高中階段詞匯）內(nèi)的詞匯。本系列的前三篇，老雅已經(jīng)介紹了15個(gè)詞匯，分別為available、specific、alternative、afford、primarily、involve、justify、excessive、eventually、apparently、confine、derive、compel、expose、exclusively。本期（也是雅思寫作詞匯系列的最后一期），老雅將繼續(xù)介紹另外5個(gè)高分詞匯。

萬能詞匯：determine

determine的意思為“決定;決心”，詞組“be determined to do...”的意思是“決心做……”。比如：

The size of the chicken pieces will determine the cooking time. 雞塊的大小決定烹飪時(shí)間。

Experts say testing needs to be done on each contaminant to determine the long-term effects on humans. 專家說需要對每種污染物進(jìn)行測試，以查明對人類的長期影響。

His enemies are determined to ruin him. 他的敵人決意要?dú)Я怂?/p>

以下看老雅在其原創(chuàng)雅思真題高分范文中如何使用這個(gè)單詞。

To conclude， where the charity money should go is mainly determined by the chief concerns and missions of different charity organisations. 總之，慈善款應(yīng)用于何處，主要取決于不同慈善組織的首要關(guān)注點(diǎn)和使命。（2016/08/20，慈善機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)該只幫助本國人嗎？）

In my view， both ways are effective to address the traffic problem in cities， but it is the city conditions that will determine which way is better. 在我看來，這兩種方法都能有效解決城市的交通問題，但決定哪一種方法更好的是城市的條件。（2018/7/7，建更多鐵路和地鐵好，還是修擴(kuò)更多道路好？）

While it is hard to determine how the visual uniformity is related to quality at work， having a dress code in place may help the way a corporation wants to be perceived. 雖然很難確定視覺統(tǒng)一性與工作質(zhì)量有何關(guān)系，但設(shè)置著裝規(guī)范可能會改善公司的形象。（2018/1/13，員工著裝和工作品質(zhì)有何關(guān)系？）

萬能詞匯：relieve

relieve的基本意思為“緩解;減輕;使解脫”，相當(dāng)于lessen，通常用于詞組“relieve ... of...”（把某人從……中解脫出來）。比如：

Drugs can relieve much of the pain. 藥物可以大大緩解疼痛。

A housekeeper can relieve you of the house chores. 管家可使你從家務(wù)中解脫出來。

I felt much relieved when I heard the good news. 聽說這個(gè)好消息，我感覺輕松了很多。

以下看relieve在老雅原創(chuàng)范文中的使用情況。

Meanwhile， cities and towns built centuries ago do not have enough entertainment and sports facilities available to contemporary city dwellers who， relieved of the manual labor by the technological advances， suddenly find they have a great amount of free time. 同時(shí)，由于技術(shù)的發(fā)展，當(dāng)代城市居民已經(jīng)從手工勞作中解脫出來，他們突然發(fā)現(xiàn)自己有大量空閑時(shí)間，但是數(shù)世紀(jì)前修建的城鎮(zhèn)卻沒有足夠的娛樂和體育設(shè)施供他們使用。（2016/11/3，舊城鎮(zhèn)會帶來哪些問題？）

Children today are apparently enjoying more freedom than ever before. This is so because the technological advances have relieved children of much of their manual labor and because the parents and schools these days are far less controlling than in the past. 今天的孩子們顯然享受著比以前更多的自由。之所以如此，是因?yàn)榧夹g(shù)進(jìn)步使孩子們從大量體力勞動中解放出來，也因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在家長和學(xué)校遠(yuǎn)不如以前那樣控制孩子了。（2017/7/8，孩子們自由更多了是好還是壞？）

Even those more leisurely activities such as guitar playing or singing can relieve the students of their heavy load of academic work and make them more resilient to physical and emotional stresses in life. 即使那些悠閑的活動，如吉他演奏或唱歌，也可以緩解他們沉重的學(xué)業(yè)負(fù)擔(dān)，讓他們更能應(yīng)對生活中的身心壓力。（2017/8/26，大學(xué)生應(yīng)該從事學(xué)習(xí)之外的活動嗎？）

萬能詞匯：assume

寫作中，assume這個(gè)詞若用得恰當(dāng)，在詞匯方面可以占得先機(jī)。該詞有三個(gè)常見的意思：一是“假設(shè)，假定，認(rèn)為”，相當(dāng)于think;二是“承擔(dān)（責(zé)任）”;三是“呈現(xiàn)（外觀或特征）”。比如：

Scientists assume that there is no animal life on Mars. 科學(xué)家們猜測，在火星上沒有動物生命。

The reality that has blocked my path to become the typical successful student is that engineering and the liberal arts simply dont mix as easily as I assumed in high school. 有一個(gè)事實(shí)阻礙了我成為一名典型的優(yōu)等生，那就是工程學(xué)和文科根本不像我在高中時(shí)想象的那樣容易結(jié)合。

以下看assume在老雅范文中是如何使用的。

As we can see on television， the important positions in the government are often held by gray-haired men and women. While it is assumed by many that the elderly people are more experienced and capable， I would say that some important government positions should also be open to young people. 我們可以在電視上看到，政府重要職位通常是由頭發(fā)花白的人擔(dān)任。雖然很多人認(rèn)為老年人更富有經(jīng)驗(yàn)和能力，但我想說，政府的一些重要職位也應(yīng)開放給年輕人。（2018/10/21，年輕人適合在政府擔(dān)任要職嗎？）

Although new forms of classroom technology like digital textbooks are more accessible and portable， it would be wrong to assume that students are automatically better served by digital reading just because they prefer it. 盡管像數(shù)字教材這樣的新型課堂技術(shù)更容易獲取，更便于攜帶，但如果僅僅因?yàn)閷W(xué)生喜歡就認(rèn)為電子閱讀自然對學(xué)生更有益，那就錯(cuò)了。（2018/8/18，學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)不需要書籍了嗎？）

Luck may assume different forms and help people in various ways. A man luckily born into a wealthy family will stand a better chance of becoming a successful businessman than one with a poor family background. 運(yùn)氣有不同的形式，能夠以各種方式幫助人們。一個(gè)幸運(yùn)地出生在富裕家庭的人比一個(gè)家庭背景不好的人更有可能成為一個(gè)成功的商人。（2020/10/31，實(shí)現(xiàn)生活目標(biāo)主要是運(yùn)氣使然嗎？）

萬能詞匯：emerge

emerge的意思是“出現(xiàn)”，尤其是指從隱蔽處突然出現(xiàn)。其名詞形式是emergence，注意要將它與emergency（緊急情況）區(qū)別開來。比如：

The sun emerged from behind the clouds. 太陽從云層后面露出來了。

It has emerged that he stole the money. 現(xiàn)在終于發(fā)現(xiàn)，是他偷了那筆錢。

A new idea began to emerge from his mind when he was on his way back home. 在他回家的路上，一個(gè)新主意出現(xiàn)在他的腦海中。

以下我們看emerge/emergence在老雅范文中是如何被使用的。

Undoubtedly， experience is of utmost importance for many government positions. These positions have to deal with a great number of people every day and crisis may emerge any time. 毫無疑問，對許多政府職位來說，經(jīng)驗(yàn)是最重要的。這些職位每天必須與大量的人打交道，危機(jī)隨時(shí)可能出現(xiàn)。（2018/10/21，年輕人適合在政府擔(dān)任要職嗎？）

As a great variety of employment opportunities emerge in big cities， people flood into the urban areas to realize their self-value and obtain a more materially abundant life. 隨著大城市各種就業(yè)機(jī)會的出現(xiàn)，人們涌入城市，實(shí)現(xiàn)自我價(jià)值，獲得更豐富的物質(zhì)生活。（2013/7/27， 大城市應(yīng)該重修老建筑還是建設(shè)新樓房和新道路？）

Furthermore， with the emergence of new technologies， the work efficiency has been improved greatly. The invention and application of machines have replaced labour and saved much time for workers. 此外，隨著新技術(shù)的出現(xiàn)，工作效率得到了大大的提高。機(jī)器的發(fā)明和應(yīng)用已經(jīng)取代了勞動，為工人節(jié)省了很多時(shí)間。（2014/9/20，發(fā)展中國家應(yīng)該引進(jìn)新技術(shù)，還是發(fā)展免費(fèi)教育？）

萬能詞匯：restrict

restrict的意思是“限制”，相當(dāng)于limit，其名詞形式是restriction。比如：

There is talk of raising the admission requirements to restrict the number of students on campus. 有一種說法：應(yīng)提高錄取條件來限制校園里學(xué)生的數(shù)量。

I try to restrict my smoking to five cigarettes a day. 我力圖限制自己每天只抽5支煙。

在《劍橋雅思》官方范文中，有這樣一句：

It is quite common these days for young people in many countries to have a break from studying after graduating from high school. The trend is not restricted to rich students who have the money to travel， but is also evident among poorer students who choose to work and become economically independent for a period of time. 如今，許多國家的年輕人在高中畢業(yè)后暫時(shí)中斷學(xué)習(xí)是很常見的。這一趨勢不僅局限于那些有錢旅行的富裕學(xué)生，而且在那些貧困學(xué)生中也很明顯，他們選擇工作，并在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)獨(dú)立。

以下句子摘自老雅高分范文。

There seems to be more and more detailed criminal description on media these days， such as beating， murdering， gun fighting， blood shedding， among others. As I see it， the excessive exposure to these criminal scenes will negatively influence newspaper readers and TV viewers， thus increasing the likelihood of their committing the same crimes in real life， but to restrict them on media is quite another story. 現(xiàn)在，媒體上似乎有越來越詳細(xì)的犯罪描述，如毆打、謀殺、槍戰(zhàn)、流血等。在我看來，看到太多類似犯罪場景將對報(bào)紙讀者和電視觀眾產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響，從而增加他們在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中犯下同樣罪行的可能性，但在媒體上限制這些描寫則是另一回事。（2020/10/24，是否應(yīng)該限制報(bào)紙和電視中的犯罪描寫？）

Independence means more freedom and less restrictions. Following this definition， we can easily find we have become much more independent than ever before. 獨(dú)立意味著更多自由和更少的限制。按照這一定義，我們很容易發(fā)現(xiàn)，我們擁有的獨(dú)立性比以往任何時(shí)候都多得多。（2016/11/05，我們現(xiàn)在是更獨(dú)立還是更相互依賴？）

[與老雅繼續(xù)交流，請加微信公眾號ieltswriting4u（唐老雅英語寫作工作室）]