何三建
(遵義師范學院,貴州 遵義 560002)
英語作為重要的交流工具其重要性越顯突出。盡管資源豐盈,學習工具隨處可見,給廣大的學習群體的學習和提高提供了便利,但許多同學依舊只是 蜻蜓點水。看似他們的視野拓寬,但更多只是碎片化的東西,缺乏深度和精度。原因在于他們英語學習中不聚焦,乏深耕,導致他們的學藝不精,英語四會技能不突出。如何解決這個問題?如何提升他們的技能?讓他們能自如遨游英語海洋,適應未來發(fā)展?刻意練習就是破解的關鍵。本文為此就兩者關系說明和分析。
刻意練習是通過創(chuàng)建大量有效的心里表征來刺激我們的身心和大腦活動,發(fā)掘潛能的一種手段,從而讓我們更為出色。美國著名心理學家安德斯埃里克森一生潛心研究各領域的高級人才,發(fā)現(xiàn)無論什么領域或行業(yè),提高技能與能力的有效方法是遵循一系列普遍法則,他稱之為刻意練習。選準技能的某些方面,精準施策,靶向發(fā)力,持續(xù)進攻,提質(zhì)生效。
刻意練習與英語技能的關系密切,若能優(yōu)先配置,則能切實提效和增能,為持續(xù)精進和拓展奠基,為增添學習者的信心和推進創(chuàng)造條件。反觀一些學習者看似勤奮、用功,練習做了不少,可收效甚微,成本高耗。其根源缺乏針對弱項猛攻強雷,練習分散化,徒勞無益。那么如何改變這種狀況?如何對弱項技能實施精準打擊?如何滴水穿石,突破薄弱環(huán)節(jié)?下面作者結合具體英語技能進行詳述和剖析。
高考中短文改錯是一篇100 詞左右的學生習作式短文,短文中有10處錯誤,10 處錯誤的分布不再是每行一錯,而是每句中最多有兩處錯誤,這在一定程度上增加了該題型的難度。著重考查考生的語言基本功和正確使用英語進行表達的能力。它涉及詞匯、語法、句型結構多方面的知識和行文邏輯的推斷和綜合辨析能力,是專門針對考生們平時學習英語尤其是寫作練習中常見錯誤而設計的。
根據(jù)筆者觀察和歷年真題考試統(tǒng)計,錯誤類型集中在實詞如名詞、動詞、形容詞、代詞及連詞,增刪類則多見于虛詞如介詞、冠詞和連詞。根據(jù)詞法考點分布規(guī)律和錯數(shù)特點,考生可以快速鎖定錯誤范圍,捕捉蛛絲馬跡,識破潛伏錯誤,攻克此題型,拿下高分。一般情況是名詞一個,動詞至少2 個,有時候3 個,甚至4 個,取決于命題人喜好和側重點比如1 謂,2 或3 非,即非謂語動詞是重點因為分類廣,考值高,代詞則有人稱代詞,物主代詞和反身代詞多見,常考性數(shù)格,即陰陽不分,多寡混淆,雙格顛倒等。修飾語指形副錯用,配置不當,變成副名、形副搭配、系狀相依。連詞則考察行文邏輯關系,即并轉選還是從屬關系,涉及到從句的用法,綜合性較強。虛詞強調(diào)細微處,有固定搭配和泛特指等知識。
It was Tree Planting Day last Saturday.Our teacher,Mr.Li asked us plant trees on the nearby hill.We arrived here at 8 o’clock in the morning,each with at least a tool.Mr.Li showed us how to plant trees,but then we started digging,planting and watered.I was very excited because I have never planted trees before.Mr.Li set a good example to myself.”I must learn about him,”I said to myself.In the all,we planted over two hundreds trees.We looked happy at the rows of tiredness.
從此文中我們看出,動詞出現(xiàn)三次錯漏,1 是第二行plant 前添加to,第5 行改為現(xiàn)在分詞watering 與前邊平行并列,第6 行時態(tài)錯誤have應用過去完成時,第二行地點副詞錯誤here改為遠處,此時作者已不在那里,所以改為there,那里只能用第6 行人稱代詞賓格us 不是反身代詞,第7 行名詞復數(shù)使用錯誤,前邊盡管有復數(shù)標識,但數(shù)字單位只能用單數(shù)形式hundred,最后一行副詞happily 修飾動詞looked,第4 行應用并列連詞and,不是選擇or。第7 行介詞about 改為from 第8 行冠詞去掉固定搭配in all
筆者所教大學英語教材《新一代大學英語》課后完形填空,是從所給的15 個單詞中選出填在相應的空白處,使其語義、邏輯連貫、語法無誤。該題型可從已知信息中推出適合的選項,并按語法要求,做出相應變化。如下
Banked cloze
Complete the passage with suitable words from the word bank.you may not use words more than once
Decide inspire enhanced considerate choice distinct
Individuality comfortable promote strange approachable accomplishment drab independence establishment
Fashion can help people express their personality and character.It is important to have 1)in the world of fashion because it makes people who they are.該句根據(jù)語法和語義判斷只能填individuality Instead of trying hard to fit in the so called fashion do’s people should feel 2)comfortable and free to show their individualities in their3)choice of clothing.這兩空同理可選擇comfortable和choice 均可依據(jù)語法和意義推理This can arouse a sense of4)independence in them.To have individuality in fashion can also5)inspire women of all ages to find the unique style that works for them.In the meantime,showing personality through one’s choice of clothing can release a kind of aura to make them6)approachable in socializing.Everybody is born to standout with a(n)7)_distinct
feature about which should be 8_)enhanced
in their fashion styles.It would be a very dull,boring and 9)drab world if there were only one type of fashion style.As Ralph Waldo Emerson said,“To be yourself in a world that is constantly trying to make you something else is the greatest —10)accomplishment 如法炮制其它答案如上。
通過以上分析和探討,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)只要鎖定主攻目標,找到對應的手段進行持續(xù)刻意練習,積累到一定程度必然會突破和引起質(zhì)的飛躍。