何三建
(遵義師范學(xué)院,貴州 遵義 560002)
英語(yǔ)作為重要的交流工具其重要性越顯突出。盡管資源豐盈,學(xué)習(xí)工具隨處可見(jiàn),給廣大的學(xué)習(xí)群體的學(xué)習(xí)和提高提供了便利,但許多同學(xué)依舊只是 蜻蜓點(diǎn)水??此扑麄兊囊曇巴貙挘嘀皇撬槠臇|西,缺乏深度和精度。原因在于他們英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中不聚焦,乏深耕,導(dǎo)致他們的學(xué)藝不精,英語(yǔ)四會(huì)技能不突出。如何解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題?如何提升他們的技能?讓他們能自如遨游英語(yǔ)海洋,適應(yīng)未來(lái)發(fā)展?刻意練習(xí)就是破解的關(guān)鍵。本文為此就兩者關(guān)系說(shuō)明和分析。
刻意練習(xí)是通過(guò)創(chuàng)建大量有效的心里表征來(lái)刺激我們的身心和大腦活動(dòng),發(fā)掘潛能的一種手段,從而讓我們更為出色。美國(guó)著名心理學(xué)家安德斯埃里克森一生潛心研究各領(lǐng)域的高級(jí)人才,發(fā)現(xiàn)無(wú)論什么領(lǐng)域或行業(yè),提高技能與能力的有效方法是遵循一系列普遍法則,他稱之為刻意練習(xí)。選準(zhǔn)技能的某些方面,精準(zhǔn)施策,靶向發(fā)力,持續(xù)進(jìn)攻,提質(zhì)生效。
刻意練習(xí)與英語(yǔ)技能的關(guān)系密切,若能優(yōu)先配置,則能切實(shí)提效和增能,為持續(xù)精進(jìn)和拓展奠基,為增添學(xué)習(xí)者的信心和推進(jìn)創(chuàng)造條件。反觀一些學(xué)習(xí)者看似勤奮、用功,練習(xí)做了不少,可收效甚微,成本高耗。其根源缺乏針對(duì)弱項(xiàng)猛攻強(qiáng)雷,練習(xí)分散化,徒勞無(wú)益。那么如何改變這種狀況?如何對(duì)弱項(xiàng)技能實(shí)施精準(zhǔn)打擊?如何滴水穿石,突破薄弱環(huán)節(jié)?下面作者結(jié)合具體英語(yǔ)技能進(jìn)行詳述和剖析。
高考中短文改錯(cuò)是一篇100 詞左右的學(xué)生習(xí)作式短文,短文中有10處錯(cuò)誤,10 處錯(cuò)誤的分布不再是每行一錯(cuò),而是每句中最多有兩處錯(cuò)誤,這在一定程度上增加了該題型的難度。著重考查考生的語(yǔ)言基本功和正確使用英語(yǔ)進(jìn)行表達(dá)的能力。它涉及詞匯、語(yǔ)法、句型結(jié)構(gòu)多方面的知識(shí)和行文邏輯的推斷和綜合辨析能力,是專門針對(duì)考生們平時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)尤其是寫(xiě)作練習(xí)中常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤而設(shè)計(jì)的。
根據(jù)筆者觀察和歷年真題考試統(tǒng)計(jì),錯(cuò)誤類型集中在實(shí)詞如名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、代詞及連詞,增刪類則多見(jiàn)于虛詞如介詞、冠詞和連詞。根據(jù)詞法考點(diǎn)分布規(guī)律和錯(cuò)數(shù)特點(diǎn),考生可以快速鎖定錯(cuò)誤范圍,捕捉蛛絲馬跡,識(shí)破潛伏錯(cuò)誤,攻克此題型,拿下高分。一般情況是名詞一個(gè),動(dòng)詞至少2 個(gè),有時(shí)候3 個(gè),甚至4 個(gè),取決于命題人喜好和側(cè)重點(diǎn)比如1 謂,2 或3 非,即非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是重點(diǎn)因?yàn)榉诸悘V,考值高,代詞則有人稱代詞,物主代詞和反身代詞多見(jiàn),常考性數(shù)格,即陰陽(yáng)不分,多寡混淆,雙格顛倒等。修飾語(yǔ)指形副錯(cuò)用,配置不當(dāng),變成副名、形副搭配、系狀相依。連詞則考察行文邏輯關(guān)系,即并轉(zhuǎn)選還是從屬關(guān)系,涉及到從句的用法,綜合性較強(qiáng)。虛詞強(qiáng)調(diào)細(xì)微處,有固定搭配和泛特指等知識(shí)。
It was Tree Planting Day last Saturday.Our teacher,Mr.Li asked us plant trees on the nearby hill.We arrived here at 8 o’clock in the morning,each with at least a tool.Mr.Li showed us how to plant trees,but then we started digging,planting and watered.I was very excited because I have never planted trees before.Mr.Li set a good example to myself.”I must learn about him,”I said to myself.In the all,we planted over two hundreds trees.We looked happy at the rows of tiredness.
從此文中我們看出,動(dòng)詞出現(xiàn)三次錯(cuò)漏,1 是第二行plant 前添加to,第5 行改為現(xiàn)在分詞watering 與前邊平行并列,第6 行時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤have應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí),第二行地點(diǎn)副詞錯(cuò)誤here改為遠(yuǎn)處,此時(shí)作者已不在那里,所以改為there,那里只能用第6 行人稱代詞賓格us 不是反身代詞,第7 行名詞復(fù)數(shù)使用錯(cuò)誤,前邊盡管有復(fù)數(shù)標(biāo)識(shí),但數(shù)字單位只能用單數(shù)形式hundred,最后一行副詞happily 修飾動(dòng)詞looked,第4 行應(yīng)用并列連詞and,不是選擇or。第7 行介詞about 改為from 第8 行冠詞去掉固定搭配in all
筆者所教大學(xué)英語(yǔ)教材《新一代大學(xué)英語(yǔ)》課后完形填空,是從所給的15 個(gè)單詞中選出填在相應(yīng)的空白處,使其語(yǔ)義、邏輯連貫、語(yǔ)法無(wú)誤。該題型可從已知信息中推出適合的選項(xiàng),并按語(yǔ)法要求,做出相應(yīng)變化。如下
Banked cloze
Complete the passage with suitable words from the word bank.you may not use words more than once
Decide inspire enhanced considerate choice distinct
Individuality comfortable promote strange approachable accomplishment drab independence establishment
Fashion can help people express their personality and character.It is important to have 1)in the world of fashion because it makes people who they are.該句根據(jù)語(yǔ)法和語(yǔ)義判斷只能填individuality Instead of trying hard to fit in the so called fashion do’s people should feel 2)comfortable and free to show their individualities in their3)choice of clothing.這兩空同理可選擇comfortable和choice 均可依據(jù)語(yǔ)法和意義推理This can arouse a sense of4)independence in them.To have individuality in fashion can also5)inspire women of all ages to find the unique style that works for them.In the meantime,showing personality through one’s choice of clothing can release a kind of aura to make them6)approachable in socializing.Everybody is born to standout with a(n)7)_distinct
feature about which should be 8_)enhanced
in their fashion styles.It would be a very dull,boring and 9)drab world if there were only one type of fashion style.As Ralph Waldo Emerson said,“To be yourself in a world that is constantly trying to make you something else is the greatest —10)accomplishment 如法炮制其它答案如上。
通過(guò)以上分析和探討,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)只要鎖定主攻目標(biāo),找到對(duì)應(yīng)的手段進(jìn)行持續(xù)刻意練習(xí),積累到一定程度必然會(huì)突破和引起質(zhì)的飛躍。