“殊勝大足—大足石刻特展”走進國家博物館

楊艷

大足石刻被譽為石窟藝術史上最后的豐碑，它的發(fā)現(xiàn)將中國石窟藝術興盛的歷史延長了400多年。作為世界文化遺產，大足石刻具有極高的歷史、藝術、科學價值。

9月17日至11月17日，“殊勝大足—大足石刻特展”在中國國家博物館北4展廳展出。此次展覽是國家博物館近年來首次舉辦的有關石窟寺世界文化遺產的展覽。

科技賦能 鎮(zhèn)館之寶立體亮相

此次展覽不僅是對大足石刻藝術、歷史的全面性展示，也是對歷年來大足石刻文化遺產保護與傳承的成果呈現(xiàn)。展覽分為“發(fā)現(xiàn)之旅”“蜀道大足”“鐫巖妙相”“承故煥新”4個單元，展覽的文物數(shù)量一共有82件（套），包括從宋代到明清時代的石制文物66件（套），全部是大足石刻的精品力作。其中，大足石刻博物館的鎮(zhèn)館之寶釋迦牟尼像、觀音像、香爐等一一亮相。

據(jù)了解，此次展覽由中國國家博物館、重慶市文化旅游委、大足區(qū)人民政府主辦，展出面積1000平方米，展覽采用“圖片+實物+聲光電+科技+智慧+數(shù)據(jù)經濟”的模式，全方位、多角度、多層次立體展現(xiàn)大足石刻。這次走進國家博物館，實際上是20年后大足石刻和國家博物館再次牽手。早在2001年，大足石刻曾在中國歷史博物館（現(xiàn)在國家博物館）舉辦過一次大型圖片展。

展覽開幕式上舉行了《天下大足》主題發(fā)布活動，推出由李玉剛演唱的《天下大足》MV，以及《天下大足》4K寬銀幕電影、8K球幕電影。其中4K寬銀幕電影《天下大足》以電影敘事方式，重點突出大足石刻的開創(chuàng)和歷史演進過程。8K球幕電影是全球范圍內第一次實景拍攝+CG動畫結合拍攝，向觀眾重點展示石刻的藝術價值，讓觀眾從多維度了解大足石刻。

此外，原故宮博物院院長單霽翔受邀成為大足文旅的“總顧問”，他于9月末帶領團隊到大足拍攝綜藝節(jié)目“萬里走單騎 遺產里的中國（第二季）”。

建設世界知名研究院 講好大足故事

大足石刻被譽為世界八大石窟之一，始建于初唐，鼎盛于兩宋，迄今公布為文物保護單位的石窟多達75處，造像5萬余尊，代表了公元9世紀至13世紀世界石窟藝術的最高水平。

大足石刻研究院院長黎方銀稱，為推廣大足石刻文化，讓大足石刻“走出去”，近年來大足圍繞“四百工程”，讓展覽走進博物館、讓講座走進學堂、讓書籍走進圖書館、讓微視頻廣為傳播。展覽的舉辦有利于讓崖壁上的石刻活起來，讓國寶動起來，讓遺產里的中國亮起來。下一步，大足石刻將以“石刻為魂、厚植底蘊、五山聯(lián)動、城景融合、山水共生、最美鄉(xiāng)村”為思路，讓大足石刻所在的五座山聯(lián)動起來，實現(xiàn)城市和景區(qū)的高度融合，最后體現(xiàn)山水共生、最美鄉(xiāng)村的意境。除此之外，大足區(qū)將在全域建設大足石刻文化公園，全力建設世界知名研究院等方式講好大足故事。

而在文旅融合方面，在建的大足石刻游客中心融入了大足石刻文化元素，內部的裝修和布景體現(xiàn)了石窟藝術所展示的力學、聲學、透視學、光學、美學等價值。

同時，以“一核兩帶三區(qū)多點全域”帶動農旅融合。其中，“一核”是指五山聯(lián)動起來成為一個核，“兩帶”是城市發(fā)展帶和文化發(fā)展帶，“三區(qū)”是大足石刻文創(chuàng)園、龍水湖博覽園，以及圣天湖的農旅融合示范帶，“多點”指各個鄉(xiāng)村景點串珠成鏈。據(jù)介紹，大足也正打造“十里荷棠·山灣時光”項目，把附近的九個山灣打造成為鄉(xiāng)村振興、文化發(fā)展、市民休閑的聚集區(qū)。在這里，市民可體驗如何做石雕，還可感受到荷花、荷蓮、海棠的美麗與文化。

大足石刻 聯(lián)動世界走向世界

在2021上合組織數(shù)字經濟產業(yè)論壇上，大足石刻與上合組織國家多功能經貿平臺、人民文旅簽署了“數(shù)字絲路文化溯源行動”戰(zhàn)略合作協(xié)議，在此次國家博物館展覽上發(fā)起簽訂數(shù)字絲路文化溯源行動倡議，聯(lián)動印度、伊朗、烏茲別克、斯里蘭卡、尼泊爾等國家的文旅部門，以大足石刻“這座世界石窟藝術史上最后的豐碑”作為起點，追根溯源，倒推時間，用大數(shù)據(jù)、智能化、信息化看待文物，串聯(lián)起全世界的遺產珍珠。

大足石刻研究院院長黎方銀介紹，在成渝地區(qū)雙城經濟圈建設背景下，去年大足石刻和金沙博物館已聯(lián)合舉辦“點石成金”展覽，后續(xù)雙方也開展了很多合作項目，“首先是成立世界遺產聯(lián)盟，共同探討世界遺產的保護研究和利用。特別是鄰近大足的四川安岳，有的項目已經進入實質階段，包括一些數(shù)字化的項目都在共同開展?！?/p>

整個川渝石窟有3000多處，按照國家文物局的要求，大足石刻研究院要建設成為一個西南地區(qū)石窟保護研究利用區(qū)域性中心。依托大足石刻研究院的保護力量和技術優(yōu)勢，對整個重慶地區(qū)的石窟保護進行整合和進一步加強管理。下一步，將和四川大學、四川省文物考古研究院等相關科研機構進行合作。

圖片/大足區(qū)委宣傳部提供

Known as the last monument in the history of grotto art， the discovery of Dazu Rock Carvings has extended the prosperity history of Chinese grotto art for over 400 years. As a world cultural heritage， Dazu Rock Carvings boosts tremendous value in terms of history， art， and science.

From September 17 to November 17， “Remarkable and Graceful： Special Exhibition of Dazu Rock Carvings” opens at Gallery N4 of the National Museum of China. This exhibition is the first exhibition regarding the world cultural heritage of grotto temples held by the National Museum in recent years.

Technology enablement helps the stereoscopic debut of the "treasure of the museum"

This exhibition is not only an all-round display of Dazu Rock Carvings art and history， but also a presentation of Dazu Rock Carvings cultural heritage preservation and inheritance achievements over the years. This exhibition incorporates four units， that is， "Journey of Discovery"， "Dazu of Shu Path"， "Engraving the Rock with Fine Images" and "Inherit and Refresh"， with 82 pieces （sets） of collections， including 66 pieces （sets） of stone cultural relics from the Song Dynasty to the Ming and Qing Dynasties， all of which are refined works of Dazu Rock Carvings. Among them， the "treasure of the museum" of the Dazu Rock Carving Museum， such as the statue of Sakyamuni Buddha， the statue of Guanyin （Goddess of Mercy）， and the incense burner， etc. are showcased one by one.

It is reported that this exhibition is jointly held by the National Museum of China， Chongqing Municipal Development Committee of Culture and Tourism and Dazu District Peoples Government of Chongqing Municipality. Covering an area of 1，000 square meters， the model of "pictures + real objects + optical， electrical， and acoustic methods + science and technology + intelligence + data economy" will be adopted to show Dazu Rock Carvings in an all-around， multi-angle， multi-level， and three-dimensional way. In fact， the Dazu Rock Carvings partnered with the National Museum again 20 years later. As early as 2001， Dazu Rock Carvings held a large-scale photography exhibition in the Chinese History Museum （now the National Museum）.

At the opening ceremony of the exhibition， the theme release event of Dazu Rock Carvings was held. During the exhibition， the MV of Dazu Rock Carvings sang by Li Yugang， the special wide-screen 4K film Dazu Rock Carvings， and an 8K full-dome movie were premiered at the National Museum of China. The wide-screen 4K film Dazu Rock Carvings focuses on the creation and historical evolution of Dazu Rock Carvings through film narration. As the first real scene + CG animation shooting in the world， the 8K full-dome screen film focuses on displaying the artistic value of stone carvings to the audience， so that they can understand Dazu Rock Carvings from multiple dimensions.

In addition， Shan Jixiang， former director of the Palace Museum， will help promote the culture and tourism in Dazu District. He will serve as the chief adviser of the culture and tourism in Dazu District and led a team to shoot the Shape of Culture （Season 2） in the district by the end of September.

Build a world-renown Research Institute and tell Dazu stories well

Dazu Rock Carvings， one of the eight grottoes globally， was built in the early Tang Dynasty and flourished in the Two Song Dynasties. So far， there are as many as 75 grottoes and over 50，000 statues under cultural relic protection. The carvings represent the highest level of grotto art in the world in the 9th-13th centuries.

According to Li Fangyin， head of the Dazu Rock Carvings Research Institute， Dazu District has focused on the "four hundred projects" in recent years， organized exhibitions in museums， held lectures in schools， enriched books in libraries， and made micro-videos over the recent years， in a bid to promote Dazu Rock Carvings culture and let Dazu Rock Carvings "go global". The exhibition will help make the stone carvings on the rock live， animate the national treasures and brighten China amid its heritage. Next， Dazu Rock Carvings will follow the ideas of "stone carvings as the soul， deep-planted legacy， linkage of five mountains， integration between the city and views， co-existence of mountains and rivers and the most beautiful countryside"， so as to link the five mountains where Dazu Rock Carvings are located， realize the high integration of cities and attractions， and finally reflect the artistic conception of mountains and rivers and the most beautiful countryside. In addition， Dazu District will build Dazu Rock Carvings Cultural Park in the whole area and make every effort to build a world-renown Research Institute to tell the stories of Dazu well.

In terms of culture and tourism integration， Dazu Rock Carvings Tourist Center under construction integrates Dazu Rock Carvings cultural elements with the internal decoration and setting， and reflects the mechanical， acoustic， perspective， optical， aesthetic and other values through grotto art.

At the same time， the integration of agriculture and tourism is driven by "one core， two belts， three areas， multiple points and holistic area". Among them， "one core" refers to the linkage of five mountains as one core， "two belts" refer to the urban development belt and cultural development belt， "three zones" refer to Dazu Rock Carvings Cultural and Creative Industrial Park， Longshui Lake Expo Park and the Agriculture and Tourism Integration Demonstration Belt of Shengtian Lake， and "multiple points" refer to the chain of various rural attractions. It is reported that Dazu is also building the "Ten-mile Lotus Ponds · Mountain Bay Times" project to build the nine nearby mountain bays into a cluster for rural revitalization， cultural development and public leisure. Here， local citizens can experience how to make stone carvings as well as feel the beauty and culture of water lily， lotus， and Begonia.

Dazu Rock Carvings links the world as one

At the 2021 China-Shanghai Cooperation Organization （SCO） Forum on the Digital Economy Industry， Dazu Rock Carvings has signed a strategic cooperation agreement on "digital Silk Road cultural tracing campaign" with the Trade and Economic Multifunctional Platform for the SCO Countries and People Trip. In collaboration with the culture and tourism authorities of India， Iran， Uzbekistan， Sri Lanka， Nepal， and other countries， taking the Dazu Rock Carvings， or "the last monument in the art history of the world's grottoes"， as the starting point， tracing back to the provenance， going back in time， viewing cultural relics with big data， intelligence and informatization， and connecting the world's heritage "pearls"， Dazu called upon parties to sign the digital Silk Road cultural tracing campaign at the National Museum exhibition.

Li Fangyin， head of the Dazu Rock Carvings Research Institute， introduced that under the background of the construction of Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle， Dazu Rock Carvings and Jinsha Site Museum jointly held the "Golden Touch" exhibition last year. Subsequently， the two parties also unfolded many cooperation projects. “The first is to establish a world heritage alliance to jointly explore the preservation， research and utilization of world heritage. Particularly in Anyue， Sichuan， in the proximity of Dazu， some projects have entered the substantive stage， including some digital projects are being carried out together. "

There are over 3，000 grottoes in Sichuan and Chongqing. According to the requirements of the National Cultural Heritage Administration， Dazu Rock Carvings Research Institute should be built as a regional center for the preservation， research， and utilization of grottoes in Southwest China. Relying on the preservation strength and technical advantages of Dazu Rock Carvings Research Institute， the grotto preservation in the whole Chongqing area should be integrated and further strengthened in management. Next， Dazu will collaborate with Sichuan University， the Sichuan Provincial Cultural Relics and Archaeology Research Institute and other relevant scientific research institutions.

Photos/Provided by Publicity Department of CPC Dazu District Committee