朱亦新
摘 要:機(jī)械制圖是中等職業(yè)院校機(jī)械專(zhuān)業(yè)的基礎(chǔ)課程,也是學(xué)生必須掌握的重點(diǎn)技能。但是自我國(guó)教學(xué)改革之后,機(jī)械制圖和CAD教學(xué)面臨著新的挑戰(zhàn),需要注重學(xué)生對(duì)平面圖理解能力的提升,同時(shí)也要培養(yǎng)學(xué)生軟件制圖的能力。在這一環(huán)境下,傳統(tǒng)的教學(xué)方式與教學(xué)內(nèi)容已經(jīng)無(wú)法滿足社會(huì)發(fā)展的需求。因此,職業(yè)院校需要做出改革,機(jī)械制圖與CAD繪圖的教學(xué)需進(jìn)一步完善,不斷優(yōu)化教學(xué)的方式并更新教材,這樣才能讓教學(xué)與時(shí)俱進(jìn)。基于此,本文從機(jī)械制圖與CAD繪圖教學(xué)現(xiàn)狀入手,首先分析機(jī)械制圖與CAD繪圖教學(xué)改革策略,然后探究機(jī)械制圖與CAD繪圖校本教材開(kāi)發(fā),希望可以借此給機(jī)械制圖與CAD制圖教學(xué)的相關(guān)研究提供一定的參考意見(jiàn)。
關(guān)鍵詞:機(jī)械制圖 CAD繪圖 教學(xué)改革 教材開(kāi)發(fā)
Research on the Teaching Reform of Mechanical Drawing and CAD Drawing and the Development of School-based Teaching Materials
Zhu Yixin
Abstract:Mechanical drawing is a basic course for mechanical majors in secondary vocational colleges, and it is also a key skill that students must master. However, since China's teaching reform, mechanical drawing and CAD teaching are facing new challenges. It is necessary to pay attention to the improvement of students' understanding of floor plans, and at the same time to cultivate students' software drawing ability. In this environment, traditional teaching methods and teaching content can no longer meet the needs of social development. Therefore, vocational colleges need to make reforms, the teaching of mechanical drawing and CAD drawing needs to be further improved, and the teaching methods are continuously optimized and teaching materials are updated, so that teaching can keep pace with the times. Based on this, this article starts with the current situation of mechanical drawing and CAD drawing teaching, first analyzes the teaching reform strategy of mechanical drawing and CAD drawing, and then explores the development of mechanical drawing and CAD drawing school-based textbooks, hoping to provide relevant research on mechanical drawing and CAD drawing teaching with certain reference opinions.
Key words:mechanical drawing, CAD drawing, teaching reform, teaching material development
機(jī)械專(zhuān)業(yè)屬于綜合性專(zhuān)業(yè),它不僅要求學(xué)生具備豐富的理論知識(shí),同時(shí)也要具備相應(yīng)的實(shí)踐操作能力。在機(jī)械專(zhuān)業(yè)的課程教學(xué)中,機(jī)械制圖與CAD繪圖都屬于基礎(chǔ)的課程,而且對(duì)教學(xué)質(zhì)量的要求較高。特別是隨著計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展,當(dāng)前機(jī)械制圖和CAD繪圖有了各類(lèi)輔助軟件,能夠幫助教學(xué)活動(dòng)更好的開(kāi)展。而當(dāng)前職業(yè)院校械制圖和CAD繪圖的教學(xué)已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了諸多不適應(yīng)之處,無(wú)法滿足社會(huì)發(fā)展的需求。因此各類(lèi)職業(yè)院校必須要做出改革,根據(jù)教學(xué)內(nèi)容來(lái)設(shè)置相應(yīng)的課程教材,這樣才能有效提高機(jī)械制圖與CAD繪圖教學(xué)的實(shí)效性。
1 機(jī)械制圖與CAD繪圖教學(xué)現(xiàn)狀
從我國(guó)近年的實(shí)際情況來(lái)看,機(jī)械專(zhuān)業(yè)的畢業(yè)生大多有著較為豐富的理論知識(shí),但是CAD繪圖與機(jī)械制圖的實(shí)踐能力相對(duì)較弱,對(duì)圖紙的解讀等也存在一定的問(wèn)題。而從各職業(yè)院校來(lái)看,當(dāng)前在機(jī)械制圖中仍然采用傳統(tǒng)的方式,制圖以手繪為主,教學(xué)目標(biāo)也以理論知識(shí)為重點(diǎn),忽略了學(xué)生實(shí)踐能力的培養(yǎng)。因此很多學(xué)生在畢業(yè)后并不具備相關(guān)的實(shí)踐技能,而且傳統(tǒng)的制圖方式也無(wú)法發(fā)揮作用,這在一定程度上影響了學(xué)生的就業(yè)。另外,從CAD繪圖的教學(xué)來(lái)看,課程安排并不合理,理論知識(shí)與繪圖課程的比例存在失調(diào)的問(wèn)題,而在未來(lái)的職場(chǎng)中更需要快速且熟練繪制CAD的技能,所以大部分學(xué)生很難滿足這一要求。除此之外,機(jī)械制圖和CAD繪圖的教材內(nèi)容也存在一定的滯后性,與當(dāng)前社會(huì)的聯(lián)系不夠緊密,這也在一定程度上影響了教學(xué)的時(shí)效性,因此相應(yīng)的教學(xué)改革刻不容緩。
2 機(jī)械制圖與CAD繪圖教學(xué)改革策略
2.1 從制圖基礎(chǔ)環(huán)節(jié)進(jìn)行教學(xué)