英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)學(xué)習(xí)點(diǎn)撥

>>>張 靜 陳運(yùn)江

（審稿：武紅）

（本文責(zé)編：趙寧寧）

一場(chǎng)新高考改革給我們送來(lái)了全新題型——讀后續(xù)寫(xiě).讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)不同于傳統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作.極大地考查了同學(xué)們的思維創(chuàng)造能力.很顯然.“背范文”這一傳統(tǒng)方法已不再適用于讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)的學(xué)習(xí)了.這無(wú)疑對(duì)同學(xué)們提出了更高的要求。唯有系統(tǒng)地學(xué)習(xí)寫(xiě)作技能、積累足量的優(yōu)質(zhì)語(yǔ)料.才是提高寫(xiě)作能力、打贏新高考這一仗的最優(yōu)方式。因此.第一輪復(fù)習(xí)中讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)的學(xué)習(xí)就顯得至關(guān)重要.我們不妨先來(lái)揭開(kāi)其面紗了解一下。

一、讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)的考查形式及考查內(nèi)容

讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)考查的是英語(yǔ)綜合能力的運(yùn)用.其考查內(nèi)容顧名思義.就是先給出前文.通過(guò)閱讀分析其內(nèi)容規(guī)律后.再續(xù)寫(xiě)后續(xù)的內(nèi)容。解題的重點(diǎn)在于.要正確理解前文的內(nèi)容。通過(guò)閱讀輸入信息.將前文的內(nèi)容與邏輯經(jīng)大腦思維加工后.形成一個(gè)初步的理解.并判定其主旨.建立一個(gè)相對(duì)系統(tǒng)的框架.確定續(xù)寫(xiě)的思路及內(nèi)容。

續(xù)寫(xiě)的部分.對(duì)大家的英語(yǔ)能力及語(yǔ)言技巧提出了新的要求。同學(xué)們要在自己的知識(shí)庫(kù)中尋找適當(dāng)?shù)脑~匯.并形成準(zhǔn)確的語(yǔ)言構(gòu)架.正確應(yīng)用詞匯并適當(dāng)潤(rùn)色.形成基本的續(xù)寫(xiě)框架。與此同時(shí).還要整理好續(xù)寫(xiě)思路.保證續(xù)寫(xiě)內(nèi)容與前文在內(nèi)容與方向上保持統(tǒng)一連貫.能完整地表達(dá)題目要求的內(nèi)容。

續(xù)寫(xiě)的部分.綜合考查了閱讀理解與寫(xiě)作的能力.其中還考查了對(duì)文章的概括總結(jié)能力、語(yǔ)言組織能力、思維轉(zhuǎn)換能力、邏輯關(guān)系掌控能力。前文的內(nèi)容脈絡(luò)清晰、主次分明.只要認(rèn)真閱讀.都可以大致確認(rèn)其主旨.大家要做的就是在完整的信息中提煉出觀點(diǎn).為續(xù)寫(xiě)做好內(nèi)容與思路上的銜接。

二、讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)的備考策略及重難點(diǎn)攻破

（一）訓(xùn)練中注意的四個(gè)維度

根據(jù)讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)的考查特點(diǎn)和要求.我們?cè)谄綍r(shí)訓(xùn)練中要注意以下四個(gè)維度。第一.情節(jié)內(nèi)容方面.續(xù)寫(xiě)內(nèi)容是否能涵蓋全部寫(xiě)作要點(diǎn)；第二.語(yǔ)言表達(dá)方面.行文是否流暢.能否使用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、虛擬語(yǔ)氣、倒裝等高級(jí)語(yǔ)法；第三.情感升華方面.能否基于特定真實(shí)的生活情景.準(zhǔn)確理解主人公的思想感情；第四.篇章結(jié)構(gòu)方面.上下文是否連貫.續(xù)寫(xiě)內(nèi)容風(fēng)格與原文匹配度如何。下面我們以2021年新高考適應(yīng)性考試英語(yǔ)試卷（八省聯(lián)考試卷）續(xù)寫(xiě)題為例.來(lái)進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的分析。

During this past year, I’ve had three instances of car trouble. Each time these things happened, I was sick of the way most people hadn’t bothered to help. One of those times, I was on the side of the road for close to three hours with my big Jeep. I put signs in the windows, big signs that said NEED A JACK (千斤頂).and offered money. Nothing. Right as I was about to give up, a Mexican family in a small truck pulled over, and the father bounded out.

He sized up the situation and called for his daughter, who spoke English. He conveyed through her that he had a jack but that it was too small for the Jeep, so we would need something to support it.Then he got a saw (鋸子) from the truck and cut a section out of a big log on the side of the road. We rolled it over and put his jack on top, and we were in business.

I started taking the wheel off, and then, if you can believe it, I broke his tire iron. No worries: He handed it to his wife, and she was gone in a flash down the road to buy a new tire iron. She was back in 15 minutes. We finished the job,and I was a very happy man.

The two of us were dirty and sweaty.His wife prepared a pot of water for us to wash our hands. I tried to put a $20 bill in the man’s hand, but he wouldn’t take it, so instead I went up to the truck and gave it to his wife as quietly as I could. I asked the little girl where they lived. Mexico, she said. They were in Oregon so Mommy and Daddy could work on a fruit farm for the next few weeks. Then they would go home.

Para 1: When I was about to say goodbye, the girl asked me if I’d had lunch.

Para 2: After they left, I got into my Jeep and opened the paper bag.

前文故事雙方主人公身份是a Mexican family和“我”——an American.續(xù)寫(xiě)第一段首句提出了have lunch與否的問(wèn)題.不少同學(xué)在寫(xiě)作時(shí)寫(xiě)到Absolutely not.自然就出現(xiàn)了第二個(gè)寫(xiě)作要點(diǎn).如何解決lunch的問(wèn)題。為了烘托主人公“我”對(duì)墨西哥家庭的感激.有同學(xué)提筆就寫(xiě)出了“I invited them to have an abundant lunch in a famous local restaurant”的劇情.看似合理.卻忽略了前文的文化背景。我們知道對(duì)于外國(guó)人來(lái)說(shuō).lunch多為簡(jiǎn)餐.dinner才是一日三餐中最豐盛的.因此.這樣的中式劇情顯然不符合前文的故事背景。更有甚者.有同學(xué)寫(xiě)出了“15 minutes later, we got to her hometown”的神劇情.恐怕早已經(jīng)把主人公雙方的異國(guó)身份拋之腦后了吧。

（二）準(zhǔn)備工作

第一,提升閱讀能力和信息捕捉能力。讀后續(xù)寫(xiě).讀是第一步.首先.同學(xué)們?cè)谕瓿稍拈喿x后要捕捉到六大信息要素——when,why, who, what, where, how。只有這樣才可以幫助我們弄清文章脈絡(luò)和故事走向.續(xù)寫(xiě)出與前文情節(jié)連貫的后文。在此.建議同學(xué)們要擴(kuò)充自己的課外閱讀量.最典型的是外文小說(shuō)和短篇記敘文的閱讀.比如大家耳熟能詳?shù)摹豆ㄌ亍贰读瞬黄鸬纳w茨比》等經(jīng)典文學(xué)作品。讀什么？讀其中的各類(lèi)描寫(xiě)和銜接.這些都是同學(xué)們當(dāng)下最需要的養(yǎng)分。其次.同學(xué)們?cè)陂喿x時(shí).可以選擇一些趣味性話題的材料。風(fēng)趣的閱讀材料更能激發(fā)大家的閱讀興趣和探索欲望。最后.由于同學(xué)們生活閱歷欠缺.很容易造成續(xù)寫(xiě)文章與原文脫節(jié).所以故事情景貼近生活的閱讀材料對(duì)于我們來(lái)說(shuō)至關(guān)重要.要記住我們是活生生的人.是有生活的人.一切發(fā)揮創(chuàng)造都要符合生活的邏輯.這樣才能與主人公發(fā)生情感共鳴.更深入地理解其思想情感。正所謂見(jiàn)多識(shí)廣.見(jiàn)多了高質(zhì)量的文章.寫(xiě)作質(zhì)量自然也就提升了。

第二,擴(kuò)大語(yǔ)料積累,培育語(yǔ)言素養(yǎng)。語(yǔ)料積累就是詞匯、語(yǔ)句和語(yǔ)法的積累。對(duì)于詞匯的選用.不僅要用得對(duì).更要用得傳神。例如.單就“看”這個(gè)動(dòng)作.英語(yǔ)中就有stare盯著看.glimpse瞥見(jiàn).peep偷看.glare怒目而視等多種含有不同情緒色彩的表達(dá)。對(duì)于語(yǔ)句的積累.同學(xué)們要將目光轉(zhuǎn)移到記敘文的寫(xiě)作手法上.如人物描寫(xiě)（肖像描寫(xiě)、語(yǔ)言描寫(xiě)、行動(dòng)描寫(xiě)、心理描寫(xiě)）、環(huán)境描寫(xiě)、細(xì)節(jié)描寫(xiě)等。此外.同學(xué)們要學(xué)會(huì)借力于修辭手法和名言警句.這些語(yǔ)料一定會(huì)成為你某一次寫(xiě)作的神來(lái)之筆。至于一輪復(fù)習(xí)中各個(gè)語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題的復(fù)習(xí).切記我們絕不僅僅是為了那15分的語(yǔ)篇填空。每一項(xiàng)語(yǔ)法都有自己應(yīng)用的范圍.比如我們?cè)趯?duì)故事進(jìn)行主題總結(jié)時(shí)就常常會(huì)用到強(qiáng)調(diào)句.對(duì)于前文提到的故事.這樣一句“It was the kindness of that family that made me believe that the world was filled with love.”就可以很好地概括文章所想傳達(dá)的主題。又如虛擬語(yǔ)氣.在熟練掌握后.可以借其來(lái)表達(dá)多重情感.下面就讓我們來(lái)簡(jiǎn)單地品一品它的神奇。

If I hadn't met this kind family, I would still be stuck on the road.（感激）

If I had followed my teacher's advice,I could have passed the exam.（后悔）

How I wish everyone in the world could be as kind as they are.（愿望）

But for your carelessness, we should not have suffered such a great loss.（責(zé)備）

第三,多進(jìn)行針對(duì)讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)的思維拓展。在一輪復(fù)習(xí)過(guò)程中.同學(xué)們?cè)趯?shí)戰(zhàn)之余.不要忘記課本也是我們很好的續(xù)寫(xiě)素材.比如對(duì)必修三Unit 1 Festivals and celebrations單元中A sad love story一文的續(xù)寫(xiě)就是一次極佳的練習(xí)機(jī)會(huì)。另外.同學(xué)們?cè)谡n余時(shí)間或者討論時(shí)間可以組成讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)提升小組.針對(duì)文本要求續(xù)寫(xiě)的情節(jié).或者是某一開(kāi)放性影視作品的走向.進(jìn)行討論與語(yǔ)言特征描述等.依據(jù)已有信息進(jìn)行頭腦風(fēng)暴.營(yíng)造合作學(xué)習(xí)的氛圍.集思廣益、拓寬思維。

（三）實(shí)戰(zhàn)操作

1.前文閱讀理解

在閱讀前文時(shí).要精讀細(xì)讀.將文章的線索梳理出來(lái)。只要找到線索.就能“順藤摸瓜”確定文章的主題。對(duì)此.大家要做的就是抓住文中的關(guān)鍵詞.對(duì)其中涉及的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物和事件等做標(biāo)記.以方便再次閱讀。

對(duì)此.大家可以通過(guò)以下順序來(lái)進(jìn)行閱讀：確定文章體裁→理解文章的內(nèi)容→整理文章的結(jié)構(gòu)→細(xì)化關(guān)鍵詞與關(guān)鍵句→推理續(xù)寫(xiě)內(nèi)容的思路→做好下文續(xù)寫(xiě)的銜接→揣摩作者寫(xiě)作前文時(shí)的語(yǔ)言情感.判斷作者的態(tài)度。

2.審題確定寫(xiě)作要求

在審題階段要明確續(xù)寫(xiě)要求.將要求羅列清楚后.方便寫(xiě)作時(shí)一一對(duì)照。注意續(xù)寫(xiě)的首句提示.要與前文做好銜接.只有審題認(rèn)真.才能心中有數(shù).在續(xù)寫(xiě)時(shí)保持準(zhǔn)確性。

3.謀劃續(xù)寫(xiě)思路

謀劃階段是確定續(xù)寫(xiě)思路的重要階段.在精讀和準(zhǔn)確審題的基礎(chǔ)上.以點(diǎn)連線開(kāi)始梳理寫(xiě)作要點(diǎn).并以此為主線.增加一些次要情節(jié)來(lái)保證續(xù)寫(xiě)內(nèi)容的完整性和系統(tǒng)性。在此階段要安排好句子.避免在寫(xiě)作階段面臨詞數(shù)不夠或者續(xù)寫(xiě)內(nèi)容重心失衡的問(wèn)題。

4.擬寫(xiě)初稿

要根據(jù)已有思路擬寫(xiě)草稿.在這個(gè)階段要保證句子的多樣性以及語(yǔ)言的豐富性.并通過(guò)句與句之間連接詞的正確使用使上下文連貫。寫(xiě)作時(shí)要注意所用的人稱和時(shí)態(tài)與原材料一致。

5.定稿

在擬稿完成的基礎(chǔ)上.同學(xué)們要回到前文再次進(jìn)行整體化的閱讀與檢查.確定續(xù)寫(xiě)內(nèi)容線索的準(zhǔn)確性與內(nèi)容的一致性.避免續(xù)寫(xiě)內(nèi)容與前文出現(xiàn)矛盾點(diǎn).做到內(nèi)容連貫、語(yǔ)句通順。如有可能.再次進(jìn)行高級(jí)句型與詞匯的轉(zhuǎn)化。最后.在謄寫(xiě)環(huán)節(jié).要做到字跡工整.卷面清晰。