全要素視角下上市中藥工業(yè)企業(yè)創(chuàng)新資源使用效率及其變動(dòng)分解研究

胡夢(mèng)超 劉偉 李磊 柏星馳 殷新鑫 洪峰 耿冬梅

中圖分類號(hào) R95;F272.5 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼 A 文章編號(hào) 1001-0408（2021）19-2314-07

DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2021.19.02

摘 要 目的：為提高中藥工業(yè)企業(yè)創(chuàng)新效率提供有效的改善路徑和政策建議。方法：基于2014-2020年38家上市中藥工業(yè)企業(yè)的創(chuàng)新資源投入、產(chǎn)出數(shù)據(jù)，從全要素視角出發(fā)構(gòu)建評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系。首先采用數(shù)據(jù)包絡(luò)分析（DEA）模型測(cè)算樣本企業(yè)的靜態(tài)效率，同時(shí)給出創(chuàng)新資源使用的4種模式分類;再運(yùn)用全要素Malmquist指數(shù)法，按不同時(shí)期和微觀個(gè)體分析創(chuàng)新資源使用效率的變動(dòng)分解情況。結(jié)果與結(jié)論：上市中藥工業(yè)企業(yè)創(chuàng)新資源使用效率水平總體過低，綜合效率均值僅為0.293;33家樣本企業(yè)的創(chuàng)新資源投入產(chǎn)出不合理，無效原因較多來自于純技術(shù)效率不足;38家樣本企業(yè)的全要素Malmquist指數(shù)均值為0.818，效率整體呈衰退趨勢(shì)，技術(shù)進(jìn)步阻礙是引起效率下降的主要原因。據(jù)此，筆者建議提高中藥工業(yè)企業(yè)的創(chuàng)新資源配置能力，結(jié)合規(guī)模報(bào)酬調(diào)整研發(fā)投入比例;明確以科技創(chuàng)新為核心驅(qū)動(dòng)力的發(fā)展原則，積極開展基礎(chǔ)研究性工作;落實(shí)“中藥工業(yè)企業(yè)-中醫(yī)藥研究機(jī)構(gòu)”產(chǎn)研平臺(tái)，推動(dòng)行業(yè)整體技術(shù)進(jìn)步。

關(guān)鍵詞 全要素;創(chuàng)新資源使用效率;中藥工業(yè)企業(yè);數(shù)據(jù)包絡(luò)分析模型;Malmquist指數(shù)

Research on the Utilization Efficiency of Innovative Resources and Its Change Decomposition of Listed TCM Industrial Enterprises from the Perspective of Total Factors

HU Mengchao，LIU Wei，LI Lei，BAI Xingchi，YIN Xinxin，HONG Feng，GENG Dongmei（School of Management， Beijing University of TCM， Beijing 102488， China）

ABSTRACT ? OBJECTIVE： To provide effective improvement paths and policy suggestions for improving the innovation efficiency of TCM industrial enterprises. METHODS： Based on the input and output data of innovation resources of 38 listed TCM industrial enterprises from 2014 to 2020， an evaluation index system was constructed from the perspective of all factors. First， the deta envelopment analysis （DEA） model was used to measure the static efficiency of the sample enterprises， and at the same time， four patterns of innovative resource utilization were provided; then the total factor Malmquist index method was used to analyze the decomposition of the changes in utilization efficiency of innovative resources according to different periods and micro-individuals. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS： The overall efficiency of innovative resource utilization of listed TCM industrial enterprises was too low， and the average overall efficiency was only 0.293. The input and output of innovation resources of 33 enterprises were unreasonable， and the reasons for the inefficiency are mostly due to insufficient pure technical efficiency. The average value of the all-factor Malmquist index was 0.818 for 38 sample enterprises， and the overall efficiency was declining. The obstacles to technological progress were a more important reason for the decline in efficiency. It is recommended to improve TCM industrial enterprises ability to allocate innovation resources and adjust the proportion of R&D investment in conjunction with the return to scale; clarify the development principles with scientific and technological innovation as the core driving force， and actively carry out basic research work; implement the production and research platform of “TCM industrial enterprise-TCM research institution” to promote the overall technological progress of the industry.