基于GIS的土地利用總體規(guī)劃實施評估分析

溫松楠 魏偉 李龍

摘要 土地利用類型總體規(guī)劃是國土資源局為了實現(xiàn)合理管理土地，提高國民經(jīng)濟在各部門之間進行分配的必要做法，因此，對土地利用的定期評估也是不可或缺的步驟。展開對土地利用類型總體規(guī)劃的評估分析，既可以推動時代經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展變化和需求，也可以在國民經(jīng)濟、生態(tài)環(huán)境、社會關(guān)系及土地可持續(xù)利用等多方面有很大促進。當(dāng)前的評估多數(shù)是通過建立指標(biāo)體系進行數(shù)量上的評估，這種評估不能反映土地利用在空間上的差異。以甘肅省張掖市民樂縣永固鎮(zhèn)為案例，利用ArcGIS的空間分析工具，構(gòu)建了空間吻合度、空間重心偏移度、環(huán)形分析系統(tǒng)3個模型，分別在執(zhí)行過程吻合性和結(jié)果吻合性、農(nóng)村居民點重心偏移程度及農(nóng)村居民點空間圈層布局等角度，對土地利用類型規(guī)劃實施7年（2009—2016年）來的效果進行分析評估。研究表明，永固鎮(zhèn)土地利用類型總體規(guī)劃的實施在很大程度上是以規(guī)劃為主的，沿著規(guī)劃的方向發(fā)展，較好地完善了土地合理利用和空間管制;空間吻合度、空間重心偏移度及圈層系統(tǒng)分析模型在規(guī)劃實施評估中整體效果不錯，適用性比較好。此次評估實現(xiàn)了方法上的創(chuàng)新，打破傳統(tǒng)定性定量的分析，有效完善了規(guī)劃實施評估的研究方法，拓展了評估分析空間。

關(guān)鍵詞 土地利用類型總體規(guī)劃;空間吻合度;重心偏移;圈層分析;實施評估

中圖分類號 F 301.2? 文獻標(biāo)識碼 A? 文章編號 0517-6611（2021）19-0068-06

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.19.017

開放科學(xué)（資源服務(wù)）標(biāo)識碼（OSID）：

Evaluation and Analysis on Implementation of General Land Use on GIS—A Case Study of Yonggu Town in Minle County

WEN Song-nan1， WEI Wei2， LI Long1

（1.School of Surveying， Mapping and Geographic Information， Lanzhou Resources and Environment Voc-Tech College， Lanzhou， Gansu 730021;2.The College of Geographical and Environmental Science， Northwest Normal University， Lanzhou， Gansu 730070）

Abstract The overall planning of land use types is a necessary practice for the Land and Resources Bureau to realize rational land management and improve the distribution of national economy among various departments. Therefore， the regular evaluation of land use is also an indispensable step. The evaluation and analysis of the overall planning of land use types can not only promote the development and changes of the times economy， but also greatly promote the national economy， ecological environment， social relations and sustainable land use. At present， most of the assessments are carried out quantitatively by establishing an index system， which cannot reflect the spatial differences of land use. Taking Yonggu Town， Minle County， Zhangye City， Gansu Province as an example， using ArcGIS spatial analysis tools， this paper constructs three models： spatial coincidence degree， spatial center of gravity offset degree and ring analysis system， and analyzes and evaluates the effect of land use type planning after seven years implementation （2009-2016） from the perspectives of implementation process coincidence and result coincidence， degree of center of gravity offset of rural residential areas and spatial circle layout of rural residential areas. The research shows that the implementation of the master plan of land use type in Yonggu Town is mainly based on planning， and it develops along the direction of planning， which improves the rational use of land and spatial control. Spatial coincidence degree， spatial center of gravity deviation degree and circle system analysis model have good overall effect and good applicability in planning implementation evaluation. This evaluation has achieved innovation in methods， broken the traditional qualitative and quantitative analysis， effectively improved the research methods of planning implementation evaluation， and expanded the evaluation and analysis space.