妊娠期維生素A缺乏現(xiàn)狀及對(duì)新生兒體格指標(biāo)的影響

周倩珺　蔣敏橋　李仲均　殷婉萍　黃巧如

[關(guān)鍵詞] 維生素A;妊娠;變化;出生體重;體重指數(shù)

[中圖分類號(hào)] R725.6? ? ? ? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] B? ? ? ? ? [文章編號(hào)] 1673-9701（2021）22-0066-03

Status of vitamin A deficiency during gestation periods and its effect on neonatal physical indexes

ZHOU Qianjun? ?JIANG Minqiao? ?LI Zhongjun? ?YIN Wanping? ?HUANG Qiaoru

Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics， Dongguan People′s Hospital in Guangdong Province， Dongguan? ?523000， China

[Abstract] Objective To evaluate the effects of maternal vitamin A nutritional status on neonatal physical development indexes during different gestation periods. Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 855 healthy single pregnant women who were admitted to our hospital for obstetric examination and delivery from January 2018 to June 2019. Data of two vitamin A tests in the first and third trimesters of pregnancy， as well as the neonatal body length and weight of all subjects were collected， and their BMI were calculated. The SPSS software was used to analyze the difference of vitamin A concentration between the two times and the effect on neonatal physical development indexes. Results The serum vitamin A concentration of pregnant women in the third trimester， （0.38±0.11）mg/L， was lower than that in the first trimester， （0.45±0.09）mg/L， and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）. The neonatal body length， body weight and BMI were negatively correlated with VA in the first trimester（r=-0.117，-0.134 and -0.114， P<0.05）， and positively correlated with VA in the first trimester （r=0.068， 0.097 and 0.101， P<0.05）. The birth weight （3240.33±415.92） g and BMI （12.78±1.05） kg/m2 in pregnant women with elevated vitamin A during pregnancy were higher than those in pregnant women with reduced vitamin A [（3164.04±448.24）g and （12.57±1.16）kg/m2， P<0.05]. Conclusion The maternal vitamin A level and its changes during pregnancy can affect the body weight and body mass index of the newborn.

[Key words] Vitamin A; Pregnancy; Change; Birth weight; Body mass index （BMI）

妊娠期是婦女的一個(gè)特殊時(shí)期，孕婦需要同時(shí)滿足自身和胎兒的營(yíng)養(yǎng)需求，因此需要的營(yíng)養(yǎng)素更多，更容易出現(xiàn)營(yíng)養(yǎng)素缺乏的情況。維生素A（Vitamin A，VA）是一種重要的脂溶性維生素，妊娠期維生素A缺乏（Vitamin A deficiency，VAD），不僅會(huì)損害到母體的健康，還會(huì)影響胎兒的正常發(fā)育，出現(xiàn)發(fā)育遲緩，甚至畸形等后果[1]。本研究擬通過分析健康孕婦不同妊娠期VA營(yíng)養(yǎng)狀況與新生兒體格發(fā)育指標(biāo)之間的關(guān)系，評(píng)估VA在胎兒體格發(fā)育中的作用，為孕期合理補(bǔ)充VA提供建議，現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。

1 資料與方法

1.1 一般資料

本研究為回顧性研究，選擇2018年1月至2019年6月來我院產(chǎn)檢和分娩的孕產(chǎn)婦作為研究對(duì)象。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：①單胎妊娠;②妊娠早期和晚期均檢測(cè)血清維生素A濃度;③新生兒出生時(shí)無畸形，并記錄身長(zhǎng)和體重;④產(chǎn)婦及其家屬同意將相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)納入該研究，并書面簽署知情同意書。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：①多胎妊娠;②存在妊娠相關(guān)的臟器功能能障礙，或慢性的臟器功能障礙者;③任何一次檢測(cè)結(jié)果提示維生素A過量者（血清維生素A濃度≥0.7 mg/L）;④有妊娠期糖尿病或妊娠高血壓綜合征等妊娠期合并癥者;⑤采集的數(shù)據(jù)不全或存在明顯偏倚者。經(jīng)上述納入及排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)嚴(yán)格的篩選后，共有855例孕產(chǎn)婦及新生兒的數(shù)據(jù)納入統(tǒng)計(jì)分析，產(chǎn)婦年齡19～45歲，平均（30.12±4.55）歲。該研究經(jīng)東莞市人民醫(yī)院醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會(huì)審核并批準(zhǔn)實(shí)施。維生素A濃度參考文獻(xiàn)[2]進(jìn)行分組，血清VA濃度<0.30 mg/L為VA缺乏組;血清VA濃度范圍為0.30～0.69 mg/L為VA正常組。VA濃度變化分組根據(jù)妊娠晚期VA濃度減去妊娠早期VA濃度的差值來分組，差值≥0為VA升高組;差值<0為VA降低組。兩種孕婦年齡、兩次采樣的孕齡比較，差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義（P>0.05），具有可比性。