中共中央南方局走出去的共和國(guó)外交官（一）

Diplomats from the Southern Bureau of the CPC Central Committee （1）

在硝煙彌漫的烽火歲月和復(fù)雜險(xiǎn)惡的政治環(huán)境下，周恩來(lái)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的中共中央南方局利用在國(guó)統(tǒng)區(qū)工作的便利條件，開(kāi)展了卓有成效的國(guó)際統(tǒng)戰(zhàn)工作，不僅開(kāi)創(chuàng)了中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨獨(dú)立自主開(kāi)展外事工作的先河，還通過(guò)艱苦的外事工作為新中國(guó)外交事業(yè)培養(yǎng)和鍛煉了一批專(zhuān)業(yè)人才。

In the years of war and amid the complicated and precarious political context， the Southern Bureau of the CPC Central Committee， led by Zhou Enlai， used the advantage of working in the Kuomintang （KMT） controlled areas to carry out rewarding international united front work， which not only blazed a trail for the CPC to carry out foreign affairs work independently， but also trained and tempered a host of specialized talent for the diplomatic cause of new China through arduous foreign affairs work.

中共中央南方局外事組“當(dāng)家人”—王炳南

王炳南（1909—1988年），陜西乾縣人。

抗戰(zhàn)全面爆發(fā)后，在解決西安事變中嶄露頭角的王炳南一直跟隨周恩來(lái)身邊，從事國(guó)際宣傳和統(tǒng)一戰(zhàn)線工作。1938年4月，駐武漢的中共中央長(zhǎng)江局成立了下屬機(jī)構(gòu)國(guó)際宣傳委員會(huì)及其辦事機(jī)構(gòu)國(guó)際宣傳組，委員會(huì)由周恩來(lái)、王明、博古、凱豐、吳克堅(jiān)和王炳南組成。這是中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨最早的外事機(jī)構(gòu)。

1939年1月，以周恩來(lái)為書(shū)記的中共中央南方局在重慶成立，為進(jìn)一步打破國(guó)民黨外事壟斷，廣泛開(kāi)展國(guó)際統(tǒng)戰(zhàn)工作，于4月專(zhuān)門(mén)成立對(duì)外宣傳小組。1940年冬，對(duì)外宣傳小組改稱(chēng)外事組，王炳南任組長(zhǎng)。作為中共中央南方局外事組負(fù)責(zé)人，王炳南積極協(xié)助周恩來(lái)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)外事組廣泛加強(qiáng)與各駐華使館、國(guó)際組織、國(guó)際人士的交往聯(lián)系，積極開(kāi)展國(guó)際統(tǒng)一戰(zhàn)線工作，開(kāi)拓了中共外事工作的新局面。周恩來(lái)稱(chēng)贊：“炳南不但是我的左右手，他還是我的耳朵和嘴巴呢！”

皖南事變發(fā)生后，根據(jù)周恩來(lái)的指示，王炳南領(lǐng)導(dǎo)外事組利用自己的住處良莊等公開(kāi)合法場(chǎng)所，廣泛接觸各國(guó)使館人員和記者，闡明中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨的立場(chǎng)，揭露事件真相。同時(shí)，組織外事組編譯大批外文宣傳材料，通過(guò)德籍妻子王安娜托國(guó)際友人帶到國(guó)外。

在中共中央南方局外事組的努力下，美軍觀察組訪問(wèn)延安，受到毛澤東、周恩來(lái)等中共領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人熱情接待。周恩來(lái)極為高興，寫(xiě)信給王炳南，高度贊揚(yáng)他的工作成績(jī)。王炳南領(lǐng)導(dǎo)外事組在重慶的國(guó)際統(tǒng)戰(zhàn)工作取得良好的效果，使蔣介石大為惱火：“堂堂國(guó)民黨宣傳部，還不如共產(chǎn)黨一個(gè)小組！”

抗戰(zhàn)勝利后，毛澤東到重慶與蔣介石進(jìn)行和平談判。王炳南擔(dān)任毛澤東的秘書(shū)，負(fù)責(zé)聯(lián)絡(luò)安排并協(xié)助處理談判期間的工作。重慶談判結(jié)束后，王炳南作為周恩來(lái)的副手，參與周恩來(lái)與美國(guó)總統(tǒng)特使馬歇爾的談判。后又隨周恩來(lái)到南京，擔(dān)任中共中央駐南京代表團(tuán)外事委員會(huì)副書(shū)記兼發(fā)言人，協(xié)助周恩來(lái)開(kāi)展外事活動(dòng)。國(guó)共和談破裂后，王炳南撤回延安，隨后到西柏坡?lián)沃泄仓醒胪馐陆M副主任，繼續(xù)從事外事和統(tǒng)戰(zhàn)工作。

中華人民共和國(guó)成立后，王炳南協(xié)助周恩來(lái)籌組外交部，并任外交部辦公廳主任、部長(zhǎng)助理。1955年，王炳南任中國(guó)駐波蘭大使兼中美大使級(jí)會(huì)談中方第一任首席代表，參加了長(zhǎng)達(dá)9年的中美會(huì)談。后又任外交部副部長(zhǎng)、中國(guó)人民對(duì)外友好協(xié)會(huì)會(huì)長(zhǎng)等職，為新中國(guó)外交事業(yè)作出了重大貢獻(xiàn)。

中共第一位新聞發(fā)言人—龔澎

龔澎（1914—1970年），安徽合肥人。

1940年9月，年輕的龔澎從太行山前往重慶。那時(shí)，她的公開(kāi)身份是重慶《新華日?qǐng)?bào)》記者，而實(shí)際身份是中共中央南方局外事組副組長(zhǎng)、周恩來(lái)的外事秘書(shū)兼翻譯、中共代表團(tuán)的新聞發(fā)言人。

重慶，是解放前龔澎工作時(shí)間最長(zhǎng)的地方。在這里，她有一項(xiàng)必做的工作：每天下午準(zhǔn)時(shí)來(lái)到兩路口附近巴縣中學(xué)內(nèi)的外國(guó)記者站，向來(lái)自世界各地的外國(guó)記者發(fā)布來(lái)自中共中央南方局和解放區(qū)的新聞和消息。作為中共中央南方局新聞發(fā)布員，龔澎結(jié)識(shí)了幾乎所有駐重慶的外國(guó)記者。她的優(yōu)雅大方和超群才智，敏銳觀察力和幽默感，以及臨危不懼、忠誠(chéng)事業(yè)的精神和靈活的外交應(yīng)承，贏得了外國(guó)記者的欽佩。凡是在那一段時(shí)期在重慶待過(guò)的外國(guó)記者，后來(lái)寫(xiě)書(shū)時(shí)幾乎都無(wú)例外地相當(dāng)突出地寫(xiě)到龔澎。

曾經(jīng)起草美國(guó)外交政策《白皮書(shū)》的約翰·麥爾比回憶，當(dāng)年他在重慶認(rèn)識(shí)的人中，印象最深的是周恩來(lái)的助手龔澎和王炳南，“龔澎才華出眾，舉止大方而灑脫，和她交談，沒(méi)有拘謹(jǐn)之感。龔澎和王炳南甚至在某種程度上改變了我對(duì)共產(chǎn)黨人原有的印象”。美國(guó)漢學(xué)家費(fèi)正清在重慶時(shí)，龔澎曾教他漢語(yǔ)，他回憶龔澎：“既有青春的朝氣，又有對(duì)中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨事業(yè)的堅(jiān)定信念，再加上隨軍記者所特有的敏銳觀察力和清新的幽默感。”他甚至認(rèn)為，重慶時(shí)期的龔澎“已經(jīng)是很受外國(guó)記者歡迎的人物，是很出色的外交家”。

重慶談判期間，龔澎擔(dān)任毛澤東的翻譯。無(wú)論是會(huì)見(jiàn)赫爾利大使，還是接見(jiàn)外國(guó)記者，或是其他外國(guó)朋友，都由龔澎陪同，其才華深受毛澤東的贊賞。

中華人民共和國(guó)成立后，35歲的龔澎擔(dān)任外交部情報(bào)司（現(xiàn)外交部新聞司）司長(zhǎng)，是當(dāng)時(shí)9位司級(jí)正職領(lǐng)導(dǎo)中惟一的女性，也是外交部至今為止擔(dān)任司級(jí)職位最長(zhǎng)的干部。 （部分資料由中共重慶市委黨史研究室提供）

編輯/楊艷

Wang Bingnan， leader of Foreign Affairs Group， Southern Bureau of the CPC Central Committee

Wang Bingnan （1909-1988） was born in Qian County， Shaanxi province.

After the outbreak of the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression on all fronts， Wang Bingnan， who emerged in resolving the Xi'an Incident， always joined with Zhou Enlai to engage in international publicity and united front work. In April 1938， the Yangtze Bureau of the CPC Central Committee in Wuhan established a subordinate agency， the international communication committee and its office， the international communication group. The committee was composed of Zhou Enlai， Wang Ming， Bo Gu， Kai Feng， Wu Kejian and Wang Bingnan. This is the earliest foreign affairs organization of the Communist Party of China.

In January 1939， after the establishment of the Southern Bureau of the CPC Central Committee with Zhou Enlai as secretary in Chongqing， in order to further break the KMT's foreign affairs monopoly and widely carry out international united front work， a special international communication group was established in April. The international communication group was renamed the Foreign Affairs Group in the winter of 1940， with Wang Bingnan as the group leader. As the Foreign Affairs Group leader of the Southern Bureau of the CPC Central Committee， Wang Bingnan actively assisted Zhou Enlai in leading the Group， extensively strengthened exchanges and contacts with embassies， international organizations and international personage in China， actively carried out international united front work， and opened up a new chapter in the foreign affairs work of the CPC. Zhou Enlai commended， "Bingnan is not only right-hand man to me， but also my ears and mouth！"

After the Southern Anhui Incident， according to Zhou Enlai's instructions， Wang Bingnan led the Foreign Affairs Group to use his residence Liangzhuang and other public and legal places to widely contact embassy personnel and journalists from various countries， clarify the standpoint of the Communist Party of China and reveal the truth of the Incident. At the same time， he also organized the staff of the Foreign Affairs Group to compile numerous materials in foreign languages and had these documents taken abroad by international friends through his German wife Anna Wang.

With the joint endeavor of the Foreign Affairs Group of the Southern Bureau of the CPC Central Committee， the United States Military Observation Group visited Yan'an and was warmly received by Mao Zedong， Zhou Enlai and other CPC leaders. Much delighted， Zhou Enlai wrote to Wang Bingnan and spoke highly of his achievements. Whilst Wang Bingnan' s efforts to lead the Foreign Affairs Group achieved great results in the international united front work in Chongqing， the furious Chiang Kai-shek complained "the KMT's Publicity Department is inferior to a group of the Communist Party！"

After the victory of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression， Mao Zedong went to Chongqing for peace negotiations with Chiang Kai-shek. Wang Bingnan served as Mao's secretary， responsible for liaison arrangements and assistance in handling the work during the negotiations. After the Chongqing Negotiations， Wang Bingnan， as Zhou Enlai's assistant， participated in the negotiations between Zhou Enlai and U.S. presidential envoy G.C. Marshall. Later， he went to Nanjing with Zhou Enlai and served as deputy secretary and spokesman of the Foreign Affairs Committee of the CPC Central Committee delegation in Nanjing to assist Zhou in foreign affairs activities. After the failure of the peace negotiations between the CPC and the KMT， Wang Bingnan withdrew to Yan'an， and then went to Xibaipo as deputy director of the Foreign Affairs Group of the CPC Central Committee to further engage in foreign affairs and united front work.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China， Wang Bingnan assisted Zhou Enlai in assembling the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and served as Director-General of the General Office and Assistant Foreign Minister of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In 1955， Wang Bingnan was appointed as Chinese ambassador to Poland and the first chief representative of China for the Sino-American ambassadorial talks， and participated in the nine-year Sino-American negotiations. Later， he served as Vice Foreign Minister and President of the Chinese People's Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries， making tremendous contributions to China's diplomatic cause.

Gong Peng （1914-1979） was born in Hefei， Anhui province.

In September 1940， the young lady went to Chongqing via Taihang Mountain. At that time， Gong's public identity was a journalist of Chongqing Xinhua Daily， while her undercover identity was Deputy Leader of the Foreign Affairs Group of the Southern Bureau of the CPC Central Committee， Zhou Enlai's Foreign Affairs Secretary and translator， and the spokeswoman of the CPC delegation.

Chongqing was the city where Gong Peng worked for the longest time before liberation. Here is her daily routine： every afternoon， she arrived at the foreign press station in Ba County Middle School near Lianglukou on time to release news and information from the Southern Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and the liberated areas to foreign journalists from all over the world. As the press release officer of the Southern Bureau of the CPC Central Committee， Gong Peng knew almost all foreign journalists in Chongqing. Her elegance and outstanding intelligence， keen observation and sense of humor， undaunted and loyal spirit as well as agile diplomatic handling had won the admiration of foreign journalists. Almost all foreign journalists who stayed in Chongqing during that period portrayed Gong with prominence in their subsequent books.

John F. Melby， who once drafted the White Paper on US foreign policy， recalled that among the people he knew in Chongqing， Zhou Enlai's assistants Gong Peng and Wang Bingnan were the most impressive. "Gong Peng was talented， presentable， and unrestrained with no sense of formality in conversation. Gong Peng and Wang Bingnan changed his previous stereotype about Communists to a certain extent." When the American Sinologist John King Fairbank was in Chongqing， Gong Peng once taught him Chinese. According to his recollection of Gong Peng， "she bursts not only youthful vitality， but also firm conviction in the cause of the Communist Party of China， with her distinct keen observation and fresh sense of humor as a war journalist." He even deemed that Gong Peng in Chongqing period "has already been a very popular figure amid foreign journalists and a remarkable diplomat".

During the Chongqing Negotiations， Gong Peng served as Mao Zedong's translator and accompanied him in the meeting with Ambassador P. J. Hurley， foreign journalists， and other foreign friends. Her talent was much praised by Mao.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China， the 35-year-old Gong Peng was appointed as Director of the Intelligence Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs （now the Information Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs） as the only woman among the nine principal leaders at the department level at that time and the longest-serving cadre at the department level of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs so far.? ? （Partially provided by Party History Research Center of the CPC Chongqing Committee）

Editor/Yang Yan