Underwater expeditions 水下探險(xiǎn)

Larry was on another of his underwater expeditions（探險(xiǎn)） but this time， it was different. He decided to take his daughter along with him. She was only ten years old. This would be her first trip with her father on what he had always been famous for.

Larry first began diving when he was his daughters age. Similarly， his father had taken him along on one of his expeditions. Since then，he had never looked back. Larry started out by renting diving suits from the small diving shop just along the shore. He had hated them. They were either too big or too small. Then， there was the instructor. He gave him a short lesson before allowing him into the water with his father. He had made an exception. Larry would never have been able to go down without at least five hours of theory and another similar number of hours on practical lessons with a guide. Children of his age were not even allowed to dive.

After the first expedition， Larrys later diving adventures only got better and better. There was never a dull moment. In his black and blue suit and with an oxygen tank fastened on his back， Larry dived from boats into the middle of the ocean. Dangerous areas did not prevent him from continuing his search. Sometimes， he was limited to a cage underwater but that did not bother him. At least， he was still able to have photographs taken of the underwater creatures.

Larrys first expedition without his father in the Cayman Islands was very fantastic. There were numerous diving spots in the area and Larry was determined to visit all of them. Fortunately for him， a man offered to take him around the different spots for free. Larry did not even know what the time was， how many spots he dived into or how many photographs he had taken. The diving spots afforded such a wide array of fish and sea creatures that Larry saw more than thirty varieties of creatures.

Larry looked at his daughter hopefully. She looked as excited as he had been when he was her age. He hoped she would be able to continue the family tradition. Already， she looked like much braver than Larry had been then. This was the key to a successful underwater expedition.

Activity A? ?Reading for understanding

Ⅰ. Text?centered chunks

be famous for 因……著名

make an exception 例外;破格

dive from...into 從……中跳/潛入

prevent...from 防止……

be limited to 受限于

be determined to do 下定決心做

Ⅱ. Text?centered sentences

一、非謂語(yǔ)

1. In his black and blue suit and with an oxygen tank fastened on his back， Larry dived from boats into the middle of the ocean. （Para. 3） 身穿黑藍(lán)色衣服，背綁氧氣罐，Larry從船上跳進(jìn)了海里。

【點(diǎn)石成金】“with an oxygen tank fastened on his back”表示“在他的背上綁著氧氣罐”，這里是with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，“with sth done”作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，同時(shí)表被動(dòng)關(guān)系。

【運(yùn)用遷移】手被綁在背后，這個(gè)小偷被警察帶了進(jìn)來(lái)。

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2. At least， he was still able to have photo?graphs taken of the underwater creatures. （Para. 3）至少，他仍然能夠拍攝水下生物的照片。

【點(diǎn)石成金】“have photographs taken”表示“拍照”，是“have+賓語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“使某事/某人遭受/被……”。

【運(yùn)用遷移】我爸爸昨天去修理了他的手表。

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二、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句

The diving spots afforded such a wide array of fish and sea creatures that Larry saw more than thirty varieties of creatures.（Para. 4） 潛水的地方有各種各樣的魚(yú)和海洋生物，以至于Larry見(jiàn)到了三十多種生物。

【點(diǎn)石成金】該句為復(fù)合句。句中含有such...that...結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“如此……以至于……”，that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。

【運(yùn)用遷移】他是一個(gè)如此懶惰的男孩，以至于經(jīng)常考試不合格。

Activity B? ?Reading for writing

假定你是李華，你的外國(guó)網(wǎng)友Tom對(duì)中國(guó)的網(wǎng)購(gòu)很感興趣，現(xiàn)在請(qǐng)你給他寫(xiě)一封關(guān)于網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物的信，發(fā)表自己的看法。內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)：

1. 網(wǎng)購(gòu)的優(yōu)勢(shì);

2. 網(wǎng)購(gòu)的弊端;

3. 你對(duì)網(wǎng)購(gòu)的態(tài)度。

注意：

1. 詞數(shù)80左右;

2. 可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫;

3. 至少需要使用一個(gè)非謂語(yǔ)或結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句;

4. 注意段落內(nèi)的邏輯關(guān)系。

Dear Tom，

I am Li Hua， nowadays many people in China prefer to shop online.

Looking forward to your reply.

Yours，

Li Hua

寫(xiě)作導(dǎo)引

本文是一篇觀點(diǎn)分析信。要求學(xué)生向外國(guó)網(wǎng)友描述網(wǎng)購(gòu)的優(yōu)勢(shì)、弊端，以及自己對(duì)網(wǎng)購(gòu)的態(tài)度等，并且需要使用非謂語(yǔ)或結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。這些寫(xiě)作要求和所給語(yǔ)篇的主題語(yǔ)境是緊密相關(guān)的。我們可以通過(guò)整合同主題閱讀材料的內(nèi)容和語(yǔ)言，梳理寫(xiě)作思路和積累素材。

一、語(yǔ)篇解碼

（一）內(nèi)容分析

What is the text mainly about？

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（二）宏觀結(jié)構(gòu)

Fill in the blanks according to the text.

（三）段內(nèi)關(guān)系

Choose the best answers according to the relation in Para. 3， Para. 4 and Para. 5.

A. Contrastive（對(duì)比的）.

B. Causal（因果的）.

C. Progressive（遞進(jìn)的）.

D. Deductive（演繹的）.

二、素材積累

本文為基于同一主題的文章閱讀下的寫(xiě)作，我們可以通過(guò)模仿、學(xué)習(xí)并運(yùn)用閱讀中的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)，如詞塊和句型，積累寫(xiě)作的語(yǔ)言素材。

（一）描述優(yōu)勢(shì)的核心表達(dá)

1. positive aspects 積極面

2. more advantages than disadvantages 利大于弊

3. play a positive role/part in 在……中扮演積極的角色

4. The positive aspects of shopping online far outweigh the negative ones. 網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物的積極面遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)消極面。

5. Its positive aspects are very apparent. 它的積極面非常明顯。

6. It is obvious that the advantages are much more than the disadvantages. 很明顯，優(yōu)勢(shì)大過(guò)弊端。

（二）描述弊端的核心表達(dá)

1. negative aspects 消極面

2. more disadvantages than advantages 弊大于利

3. play a negative role/part in 在……中扮演消極的角色

4. The negative aspects of shopping online far outweigh the positive ones. 網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物的消極面遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)積極面。

5. Its negative aspects are also apparent. 它的消極面也很明顯。

6. It is obvious that the disadvantages are much more than the advantages. 很明顯弊端大過(guò)優(yōu)勢(shì)。

（三）觀點(diǎn)對(duì)比信的核心表達(dá)

1. on the contrary 相反

2. as far as I am concerned 對(duì)我而言

3. advantages and disadvantages 優(yōu)勢(shì)和劣勢(shì)

4. can be seen as follows 如下可見(jiàn)

5. through the above analysis 通過(guò)以上分析

6. in conclusion 總而言之

7. As a popular saying goes， “Every coin has two sides.”正如俗話所說(shuō)：“事物都有其兩面性。”

8. As a proverb says， “Everything has two sides.” On the one hand/For one thing... On the other hand/For another thing... 正如諺語(yǔ)所說(shuō)，“任何事物都有兩面性?！币环矫妗硪环矫妗?/p>

三、寫(xiě)作支架

本次寫(xiě)作任務(wù)是一篇觀點(diǎn)對(duì)比的文章，根據(jù)任務(wù)中的要求，語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)可定為“描述優(yōu)勢(shì)+描述弊端+個(gè)人看法”。文章的框架如下：

Dear? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?，

I am Li Hua. I am writing to tell you something about...， which I think you will be interested in.

The positive aspects of shopping online can be seen as follows. On the one hand， it is...（優(yōu)勢(shì)一） On the other hand， it is...（優(yōu)勢(shì)二）

The negative aspects of shopping online can be seen as follows. For one thing， it is...（弊端一） For another thing， it is...（弊端二）

As far as I am concerned， I think...（個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)）

Yours，

Li Hua

四、語(yǔ)篇過(guò)手

根據(jù)以上提供的主題、主題表達(dá)和語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)，寫(xiě)出書(shū)信的一、二、三、四段。第一段引出主題，第二段描述網(wǎng)購(gòu)的優(yōu)勢(shì)，第三段描述網(wǎng)購(gòu)的弊端，第四段描述個(gè)人對(duì)網(wǎng)購(gòu)的觀點(diǎn)?？傇~數(shù)控制在80左右（64～96詞之間）。

同時(shí)，學(xué)習(xí)運(yùn)用前文閱讀材料中出現(xiàn)的非謂語(yǔ)或者結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句等高級(jí)句型。尤其要注意表達(dá)的內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系，段落內(nèi)部是演繹關(guān)系、對(duì)比關(guān)系還是遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，需要注意使用恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞。